草鱼Mx蛋白基因的克隆与原核表达

根据已报道的Mx蛋白cDNA序列设计合成特异引物，应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法，从草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)诱导的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肝脏总RNA中扩增获得Mx蛋白cDNA，回收纯化后克隆到pGEM-T Easy Vector系统的T载体上。重组子的序列分析表明：所克隆的Mx蛋白cDNA长722bp，编码240个氨基酸，包括1个三联GTP结合区域和1个发动蛋白(dynamin)族特征的序列。与已知鱼类Mx蛋白基因序列比较表明，草鱼Mx蛋白基因序列与其它鱼类Mx基因相应序列具有较高的同源性，其中与斑马鱼Mx蛋白E型基因碱基序列比较同源性最高，为87．1％。将此基因改造后定向克隆至原核表达质粒pBV220，构建成重组草鱼Mx蛋白基因表达质粒pBVgcMx，并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达，重组草鱼Mx蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的26．6％。Q-sephrose FF层析柱分离纯化的重组草鱼Mx蛋白纯度达95．6％。     

中华鳖趋化因子CXCL10基因的组织分布、对细菌的响应及其原核表达分析

为研究趋化因子CXCL10的表达特征及其对外源病原微生物的响应,该研究以中华鳖为实验对象,利用生物信息学分析CXCL10蛋白的分子特征及系统进化,通过荧光定量PCR技术检测该基因在健康中华鳖各组织中的表达分布及其在革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和革兰氏阴性菌嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)胁迫下mRNA的表达规律。结果显示该蛋白分子量为10.89 ku,等电点为9.62,存在信号肽和磷酸化位点,单链包含1个N端的loop区、1个α螺旋和3个反向平行β折叠;该基因在健康中华鳖的心脏和肝脏中表达量最高,在血液中表达量最低;两种细菌的刺激能促使中华鳖组织器官中CXCL10及炎症相关因子TNF-ɑ、IL-1βmRNA表达量的显著上调,表明CXCL10基因能够参与中华鳖机体抗菌免疫过程。同时本实验构建pET-32a-CXCL10重组质粒,通过原核表达系统体外得到分子量约为29.7 ku的CXCL10融合蛋白,为进一步探究该蛋白的体外抑菌功能奠定基础。     

尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus) cyp19a1a原核表达与蛋白纯化

为表达和纯化尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)cyp19a1a蛋白,本研究从尼罗罗非鱼卵巢提取总RNA,反转录获得cDNA模板后,利用设计的引物PCR扩增cyp19a1a ORF区1200 bp片段,双酶切后连接到pET-28a(+)表达载体上,经酶切验证和DNA测序鉴定,证明成功构建了pET-28a-cyp19a1a原核表达载体。将表达载体转化到大肠杆菌(E.coli)BL21中,优化IPTG诱导浓度和诱导时间。结果显示,在0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导8 h后,cyp19a1a重组蛋白大量表达,并以包涵体形式存在。通过Ni2+-NTA层析柱和切胶纯化,获得与预期片段大小一致的表达蛋白,并用Western blotting验证了纯化的蛋白为目的蛋白。本研究为制备cyp19a1a抗体和研究高温对cyp19a1a蛋白表达的影响提供了重要的基础。     

草鱼出血病病毒VP6蛋白的原核表达、纯化及免疫效果

为了探讨草鱼出血病病毒(GCRV)VP6亚单位疫苗对草鱼出血病的免疫保护作用,将vp6基因克隆进原核表达载体pET-28a(+),构建了重组质粒pET28a(+)-VP6。SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting显示,重组VP6蛋白的分子量约为43 ku,主要以包涵体形式存在,重组蛋白占菌体总蛋白的20%左右;Ni2+柱纯化后的重组蛋白,以每尾500μg肌肉注射免疫草鱼(14～20 cm,60～120 g),并在第14、21、28、49、70天通过间接凝集反应检测抗体水平,结果显示,免疫注射后第14天可检测到鱼体产生的特异性抗体,第21天达到最高峰,第70天仍可检测到抗体的存在;免疫注射第21天人工接种GCRV,免疫后的草鱼对出血病的保护力达100%。     

刺参甘露糖结合凝集素的原核表达、纯化及生物活性分析

为进一步研究刺参甘露糖结合凝集素(AJ-MBL)的功能及提高刺参自身免疫力,对AJ-MBL基因的CDS区进行原核表达、纯化并初步鉴定其生物学活性。采用RT-PCR法扩增AJ-MBL基因编码区,经酶切鉴定、序列分析后,将其CDS区498 bp片段克隆至原核表达载体pET28a中,得到重组质粒pET-AJ-MBL。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞并经IPTG诱导表达出分子量约17 ku的融合蛋白。该蛋白以包涵体形式存在,用Ni²⁺离子亲和柱纯化。结果显示,获得高表达量的重组纯化蛋白。纯化的17 ku AJ-MBL进行红细胞凝集试验检测其生物学活性。凝集试验结果显示,AJ-MBL凝集最小浓度为10 μg/mL。本实验成功构建了AJ-MBL原核表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达了17 ku AJ-MBL蛋白,该蛋白具有良好的生物学活性。     

罗非鱼无乳链球菌LrrG蛋白的原核表达及免疫原性分析

LrrG蛋白是无乳链球菌较保守的表面蛋白之一。为获得罗非鱼源无乳链球菌LrrG蛋白并探讨其在罗非鱼体内的免疫原性,本实验根据GenBank中已报道的人源无乳链球菌LrrG基因序列,设计特异性引物,扩增获得罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的LrrG基因。分析表明,其ORF为2 361 bp,编码786个氨基酸,与人源无乳链球菌LrrG基因核苷酸序列的相似性高达98.48%。LrrG蛋白含有3个保守的LRR结构域,并可形成多个抗原表位。将LrrG基因片段克隆转入原核表达载体pET-32a(+),构建重组质粒pET-32a(+)/LrrG,E.coli BL21(DE3)22℃诱导表达6 h。SDS-PAGE显示,诱导表达蛋白的分子量为108.9 ku,并且该重组蛋白以可溶和包涵体2种形式存在。经His Bind亲和柱纯化及超滤管浓缩后,LrrG可溶蛋白浓度达3.40 mg/mL。鱼体注射免疫实验表明,LrrG可溶蛋白对罗非鱼的相对免疫保护率达69.28%,且免疫后4周的血清抗体滴度为1∶800。该研究为深入探讨无乳链球菌LrrG蛋白作为罗非鱼基因工程疫苗的潜在应用价值奠定了基础。     

哈维氏弧菌外膜蛋白OmpK基因的克隆及原核表达

根据哈维氏弧菌外膜蛋白OmpK的基因序列设计一对引物,应用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）方法,从分离自患病大黄鱼的哈维氏弧菌基因组中扩增获得一段约800bp的序列。将其克隆到pGEM-Teasy载体,测序结果证明该序列是哈维氏弧菌外膜蛋白OmpK基因。用PCR方法去除其信号肽序列,定向克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2构建重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-OmpK。IPTG诱导后能够在大肠杆菌BL21中高效表达分子量约为53kD的GST-OmpK融合蛋白。用纯化后的融合蛋白免疫新西兰兔获得了高效价的抗血清。Western-blotting分析表明,它与从哈维氏弧菌中提取的约27kD的外膜蛋白能够发生特异反应,提示外膜蛋白OmpK可能是哈维氏弧菌的重要保护性抗原之一。     

抗冻蛋白AFPⅢ的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

采用基因重组技术将AFPⅢ基因与原核表达载体pET32a(+)连接,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),通过PCR、单双酶切及测序鉴定构建结果.用IPTG诱导蛋白表达,将融合蛋白纯化后,免疫6-7周龄的小白鼠,制备AFPⅢ多克隆抗体,采用Western印迹法检验抗体特异性.通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定多克隆抗体滴度.成功地构建了AFPⅢ的原核表达载体,经在大肠杆菌中诱导表达、镍柱亲和层析纯化,得到较纯的相对分子质量约26 000 Da的融合蛋白,免疫小白鼠后得到多抗血清,Western印迹结果显示此多克隆抗体与AFPⅢ蛋白特异性结合.该试验为进一步研究AFPⅢ在转基因鱼中的定点表达以及作用机制奠定了基础.     

近江牡蛎热休克蛋白 70 基因的原核表达研究

近江牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)热休克蛋白70(HSP70)家族成员是重要的抗逆和潜在污染预警分子。本研究将近江牡蛎HSP70基因cDNA连接到原核表达载体pQE30中,构建近江牡蛎HSP70的重组表达质粒pQE30/HSP70。该重组质粒经酶切和测序鉴定后,转入表达宿主大肠杆菌M15进行诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳和Westernblot分析表明,确实获得了重组蛋白的表达。分别在25℃、30℃和37℃下,经0.2mmol/LIPTG诱导融合蛋白表达,其中,在25℃下,诱导的融合蛋白表达量最高,表明该温度为恰当诱导温度;在25℃下,分别诱导重组蛋白表达2h、4h、6h、8h、12h和16h,其中诱导12h的蛋白表达量最高;大部分融合蛋白以可溶形式存在于大肠杆菌M15中;表达的重组融合蛋白分子量约69kD,并能与鼠源抗6伊His的单克隆抗体特异性结合,表明通过原核表达获得了近江牡蛎HSP70蛋白。实验表明,在25℃下,经0.2mmol/LIPTG诱导表达12h,可获得大量可溶近江牡蛎HSP70蛋白。     

彩鲫ran基因原核表达蛋白多克隆抗体的制备

采用SDS-PAGE分离纯化彩鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)ran基因编码区cDNA全长序列的原核表达蛋白,并以此为抗原免疫家兔,制备了相应的多克隆抗体;W estern b lotting结果表明,该抗体效价为1∶1000,具有较高的特异性。并从抗原蛋白相对分子质量、每次注射蛋白量、注射方式、注射途径等诸方面对该技术的要点进行了介绍。     

Teratoid lesions and other developmental anomalies in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.

Abstract. Sea lampreys handled for other research projects were examined for the presence of tumours. Nine tumours were found including: an ectopic notochordal mass, an epidermoid cyst, an ectopic paranotochordal haematopoietic myeloid mass, and six teratomas. The composition of these sea lamprey tumours did not differ significantly from that of similar lesions in higher vertebrates and thus they were similarly classified. The prevalence of tumours in our specimens was relatively high (1:19).     

Differences in the total lipid and lipid class composition of larvae and metamorphosing sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus

This study compared the alterations in total lipid and lipid class composition of kidney, liver, and intestine from sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, during their nontrophic metamorphosis with these parameters in unmetamorphosed larvae. Total lipid in kidney and liver initially was higher by 104 and 66%, respectively, in the earliest metamorphic stage (3) examined compared to larvae and then decreased by 73 and 37%, respectively, from stage 3 to stage 7. Total lipid in intestine, on the other hand, was 53% lower at stage 3 compared to larvae and then significantly increased by 260% from stage 3 to stage 7. Large amounts of triacylglycerol (TG) in kidney and liver implicate these organs as lipid depots; much of the change in total lipid content of kidney and liver could be explained by alterations in TG, although significant variations in other lipid classes (e.g., phospholipid, cholesterol) also were noted. These results suggest that lamprey metamorphosis may proceed in two metabolic phases in a tissue-specific manner and that lipid depletion results from specific catabolism of stored TG reserves.     

Cumulative impacts of habitat fragmentation and the environmental factors affecting upstream migration in the threatened sea lamprey,Petromyzon marinus

1. River ecosystems are often fragmented by artificial structures, such as weirs. For anadromous species, these structures can impede access to upstream spawning sites and ultimately lead to severe population declines.
2. This study focused on the freshwater spawning migration of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, an anadromous species threatened by habitat fragmentation across its native range. To quantify the cumulative impacts of multiple weirs on upstream-migrating adults, and to explore the environmental factors affecting migratory movements, passive acoustic telemetry was applied to 56 individuals during their spawning migration in the heavily fragmented River Severn basin, UK.
3. While 89% of tagged sea lamprey passed the first weir upstream of the release site on the main river, only 4% passed the fifth weir. For 85% of migrants, the upstream extent of migration was immediately downstream of a weir. Individuals that passed weirs upstream of the release site (n = 50) took 21.6 ± 2.8 days to reach their most upstream location, experiencing cumulative passage times at weirs of 15.7 ± 2.8 days; these delays constituted a median of 84% of total upstream movement times.
4. Multistate models showed that the weir passage rates of sea lamprey in tidal and non-tidal areas increased significantly when downstream river level and discharge were elevated. Upstream-to-downstream changes in direction were frequent downstream of weirs, but rare in unobstructed river sections.
5. The results provided evidence for a cumulative effect of multiple weirs on sea lamprey movements, substantially delaying upstream migrants and limiting their spawning to atypical habitat. The results also demonstrated the crucial roles of high tides and elevated discharge events in enabling weir passage. Although the Severn Estuary features conservation designations for sea lamprey, this study reveals that barriers are inhibiting their upstream migration, a problem that should be addressed to assist sea lamprey conservation.

     

Demography of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) ammocoete populations in relation to potential spawning‐migration obstructions

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半滑舌鳎食欲素A体外重组表达及活性分析

为了在蛋白水平上认识半滑舌鳎食欲素A(orexin A)的摄食调控作用及机制,利用原核表达载体pET32a成功构建了重组半滑舌鳎orexin A/pET32a质粒,转化至大肠杆菌BL21后经IPTG诱导获得了N端含6个组氨酸的半滑舌鳎orexinA重组蛋白。获得的重组蛋白大小为24.9 ku,32℃下用1.0 mmol/L的IPTG诱导6 h目的蛋白表达量最高,占菌体总蛋白的52.8%,并主要分泌在上清液中。Western blotting免疫印迹表明,获得的orexin A重组蛋白可被6×His抗体特异性识别。Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析柱纯化获得了高纯度的半滑舌鳎orexin A重组蛋白。下丘脑离体孵育实验表明,获得的orexin A重组蛋白能显著影响半滑舌鳎下丘脑NPY mRNA,orexin mRNA的表达水平和NPY肽的分泌,表明获得的重组蛋白具有生物活性。研究结果可为探究orexin A在半滑舌鳎摄食代谢中的作用机制及研制高效绿色的促摄食制剂提供基础资料。     

建鲤组织蛋白酶L 的原核表达、纯化鉴定及多克隆抗体的制备

对原核表达的重组建鲤组织蛋白酶L(Cathepsin L,CAT L)蛋白进行尿素洗涤和Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化,该目的蛋白经300 mmol/L咪唑洗脱为单一峰,SDS-PAGE结合TSK-GEL G2000SWxl凝胶过滤高效液相色谱分析表明重组CAT L获得了高度纯化,分子量约28 k D,纯度超过95%。Z-Phe-Arg-MCA底物测活法显示该重组CAT L表现为半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性,能与其内源抑制因子Cystatin以1︰1的摩尔比结合,具有生物学活性。以纯化的重组CAT L蛋白免疫Balb/C小鼠获得抗血清,经ELISA法检测获得的CAT L抗血清效价高于1︰512000;Western blotting鉴定结果表明该抗体具有良好的特异性,能够识别原核表达的重组CAT L蛋白。免疫组织化学分析结果表明,该抗体还能识别建鲤小肠、肝胰脏、脾、背肌和心肌组织表达的内源性CAT L蛋白。因此可利用该抗体从蛋白水平检测CAT L在鱼类不同组织中的表达和分布情况。     

Distribution, larval stage duration and growth of the sea lamprey ammocoetes, Petromyzon marinus L., in a highly modified river basin

Abstract  – Larval stage duration of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus , in the River Mondego is estimated to last for 4 years. The number of annuli provides reliable age estimates when compared with length–frequency distributions analysis. The growth rate of the sea lamprey ammocoetes displays strong seasonal patterns, and reaches its highest value during the first 2 years of larval stage. About 69% of the length increment between hatching and metamorphosis is attained at the end of the second year. There is a longitudinal gradient associated with ammocoete distribution along the river. Relative abundance of ammocoetes decreases downstream from the Açude-Ponte dam, the first obstruction encountered by the adult sea lampreys in their upstream spawning migration along the River Mondego.