低成本API胶黏剂在LVL生产中的应用

LVL(Laminated Veneer Lumber单板层积材)由多层单板按顺纹组坯胶合而成,按用途分为非结构单板层积材和结构单板层积材.LVL可利用小径木、弯曲木等生产;单板可纵向接长,长度不受限制.LVL在生产中可剔除单板上的节子、腐朽等缺陷,生产出的LVL具有强度均匀,尺寸稳定性好,易于进行防虫、防火处理等优点.LVL在美国、日本等的生产和应用较为普遍.     

国际市场单板层积材的发展

单板层积材（Laminated Veneer Lumber）简称LVL，是旋切单板经多层顺纹（也可以加入横纹单板）拼接胶压而成的商性能、高附加值产品。目前，LVL40％-60％用于建筑行业，如木结构房屋，因此单板层积材在美国、日本、欧洲等发达国家已经发展成熟，而中国目前还处于发展阶段。     

单板厚度对杨木单板层积材强度性能的影响

单板厚度是影响单板层积材（英文缩写LVL）强度性能的主要因素之一，在同样的工艺条件下，单板越厚，LVL的剪断强度越低，剥离率越高。冷压胶合制造非结构单板积材时，建议采用4mm厚的单板     

不同结构杨木单板层积材的蠕变和抗弯性能

本文研究了单板层积材(LVL)的压缩率、结构形式和增强方式对其蠕变特性、弹性模量以及静曲强度的影响。研究表明：在本研究范围内，提高LVL的密度和合理组坯是改善其力学性能和蠕变特性的较好途径；采用浸胶单板可适当改善LVL的力学性能；LVL的蠕变特性曲线同木材的相似，但其瞬时挠度一般大于瞬时弹性恢复值；通过提高LVL的静曲强度和弹性模量有望改善其蠕变性能。     

单板厚度对单板层积材性能的影响

采用4~8 mm厚杨木、桉木单板,经展平处理后组坯热压制造单板层积材(LVL),分析单板厚度对LVL性能的影响。结果表明:本试验范围内,试板的各项强度指标均随单板厚度的增加而降低,但仍达到GB/T 20241-2006《单板层积材》不同等级的要求;生产同等厚度的LVL,使用厚单板的耗胶量比常规单板降低约2/3。     

薄型单板层积材结构改进的研究

薄型单板层积材(LVL)可替代锯材,应用于木质门窗构件等轻载结构领域.由于单板全部顺纹组坯,导致产品存在横向翘曲变形的技术问题.为此,尝试采用"部分单板横纹组坯"和"纤维板与单板复合"两种方法进行改进,制造了15 mm厚LVL,包含1～2层单板横纹组坯或1～2层3 mm纤维板.测试结果表明:单板横纹组坯.显著降低了LVL的抗弯性能,但LVL的弹性模量仍能达到单板层积材国家标准中70E级别的要求,而静曲强度甚至超过180E级别优等品的限值;与此同时,改进结构的LVL吸水翘曲变形显著降低.横纹单板越靠近LvL表层,板子抗弯性能降低越显著,而翘曲变形改善越明显.采用纤维板与单板复合制造LVL,纤维板的内结合强度衰减明显,易受破坏.     

我国单板层积材的应用现状及发展趋势探讨

1我国单板层积材相关理论研究现状 单板层积材简称LVL，是由可利用速生材、小径级及短小材为原料旋切成单板，并以相同的纹理方向层积热压又经过拼接胶压而成的一种具有工程性能均匀、稳定、强度高、规格尺寸灵活多变，生产和应用可以实现标准化、系列化的优质高性能产品。     

浅谈单板层积极材

简要介绍了单板层积材（LVL）这种高强度的新兴结构材料，它具有成本低，规格多样等优点。分析了其在生产上的可行性，并阐述了LVL的发展前途。     

利用兴安落叶松小径原木高频胶合制造单板层积材的研究

本文讨论了高频胶合制造小径落叶松LVL作结构材的工艺和强度性能;分析了板坯内部的温升速度;比较了高频胶合无缺陷LVL和冷压LVL、单板经CCA防腐处理的LVL以及有节子、有对拼LVL的性能指标;最后为了工业化生产的需要,进行了LVL大试样静曲强度试验。结果表明,用高频介质加热法制造LVL获得了普通热板热压法达不到的快速加热效果,弥补了小径材材质差、强度低的缺点。因此用小径落叶松原木制造结构用单板层积材是可行的。     

木材单板层积材现状及趋势探讨

叙述了木材单板层积材的发展现状及趋势。认为利用小径材研究开发单板积材正是解决天然林保护及木材短缺矛盾的有效方法。根据目前LVL的发展现状及趋势，综述LVL的研究方向及其生产设备要求。     

密实型杨木强化单板层积材制造工艺及应用前景分析

介绍了杨木强化单板层积材的制造工艺。杨木强化单板层积材的压缩率约为15％～40％，其硬度、抗弯强度、耐水性、尺寸稳定性等指标远高于普通单板层积材，可作建筑用木梁、立柱、水泥模板、家具、门窗、地板、车厢板、集装箱板等多种材料。它是一种很好的结构用材，市场前景十分看好。     

杨木单板实木门的制造工艺及应用研究

探讨了利用速生杨木单板层积材及科技木生产实木门的可行性,介绍了杨木单板实木门的制造工艺。速生杨木单板层积材压缩率、硬度、抗弯强度、尺寸稳定性等指标均远高于普通板材,是一种很好的结构用材,可用其替代高档硬质实木使用,以提升杨木产品的科技含量和附加值。     

Design and pilot production of a “spiral-winder” for the manufacture of cylindrical laminated veneer lumber

A new spiral-winder was developed for continuous manufacturing of cylindrical laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and a suitable resin adhesive for this cylindrical LVL manufacturing system was investigated. This phase was followed by trial manufacturing and evaluation of cylindrical LVL with the optimum resin adhesive identified. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The shortest gelation time was recorded with a mixture of two commercial resorcinol based resins (DF-1000 and D-33) at a weight ratio of 2575. (2) Bath temperature had a remarkable effect on the gelation time of the adhesive mix. (3) High bonding strength was recorded by 2575 DF-1000/D-33 adhesive mix at a high press temperature despite a short pressing duration. Based on the results of items (1) to (3), 2575 DF-1000/ D-33 is recommended for use in the new spiral-winder. (4) The mechanical properties of cylindrical LVL could be improved by using 2575 DF-1000/D-33 with wider veneer width and longer pressing time. (5) The mechanical properties, especially the modulus of rupture, of the cylindrical LVL manufactured require further improvement for practical structural application.     

A review of the utilisation of hardwoods for LVL

This review on the use of hardwoods for the production of LVL revealed that a large number of research studies have been carried out, particularly in North America and three Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia and China). However, the studies have been restricted to species of low to medium density, i.e. 290 to 693 kg/m³. Two major potential uses of hardwood LVL have been investigated in these studies: domestic and industrial structures, and various furniture components. The production of structural LVL in North America and Asia was based predominantly on low density hardwoods. A study currently carried out in Europe aims at using medium density hardwoods for structural LVL. The LVL used for furniture components was produced from medium density hardwoods. No work has been undertaken outside Australia on the use of high density species for LVL. In Australia, studies undertaken on the production of LVL and hardwood plywood from eucalypts revealed that there were significant problems in gluing the dense raw material which often had a high level of extractives. Peeling low quality, small diameter eucalypt logs also created problems when the traditional plywood processing techniques were used. Received 7 July 1997     

玻璃纤维增强结构用单板层积材热压工艺研究

通过玻璃纤维增强速生杨木制备杨木单板层积材(LVL),可提高杨木的强度等级,使其达到结构集成材层板的使用要求。采用正交实验方法,研究温度、时间、压力、偶联剂浓度、涂胶量对杨木单板层积材弹性模量、静曲强度、剪切强度的影响,其中主要研究热压工艺对力学强度的影响,得出的最优工艺参数为:热压温度130℃、时间100s/mm、压力1.2MPa。     

密实型杨木单板层积材制造技术

介绍了单板层积材、密实型单板层积材在国内外的研究和利用概况.探讨了采用低分子量酚醛树脂浸渍处理杨木单板的方法制备杨木单板层积材的生产技术.结果表明:施胶量相当时,浸渍方式与涂胶方式生产的单板层积材相比,密度相当,吸水厚度膨胀(24hTS)降低了24%,胶合强度提高了:16%,弹性模量(MOE)和静曲强度(MOR)分别提高了20.17%和44.76%.采用浸渍树脂方式生产的密实型强化杨木单板层积材随着吸药量的增多,密度增大;24hTS减小;胶合强度随着吸药量的增加先增大而后趋于平稳;MOE和MOR先增大后减小.当吸药量为168%时,MOE、MOR达到最大,分别为15.34GPa和135.31 MPa.密实型强化单板层积材能够满足建筑和木结构等结构材要求,具有良好的发展空间.     

Manufacturing of LVL using cost-effective resin impregnation and layup technologies

The purpose of this study was to develop a cost-effective method to manufacture high-performance laminated veneer lumber (LVL) from mountain pine beetle (MPB)-affected veneers through partial resin impregnation and optimum board layup. Dry MPB-affected veneer sheets were segregated into two stress grades based on dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE). A new phenol formaldehyde resin with a 30% solids content was formulated for resin impregnation. To reduce resin consumption, only veneer sheets used as outer layers were dipped in the resin for 5?min and then dried to manufacture 13-ply LVL. The bending properties, shear strength and dimensional stability of these LVL billets were examined and compared to those from the controls made from entirely untreated veneers. The results demonstrated that high-grade (E1) MPB-affected veneers had lower resin solids uptake than low-grade (E2) counterparts based on a 5?min dipping. Compared with the controls, the LVL billets made from resin-impregnated veneers for outer layers yielded increased surface hardness, significantly improved dimensional stability, shear strength and modulus of rupture on both edgewise and flatwise as well as better appearance with no cosmetic concerns. However, the improvement in LVL bending MOE was dependent on initial veneer stress grade. For high-grade (or density) E1 veneers, the use of impregnated veneers resulted in insignificant improvement in bending MOE. The optimum product layup was to place one ply of impregnated E1 grade veneer each for product face and back. By contrast, for low-grade (or density) E2 veneers, the use of impregnated veneers yielded a significantly higher flatwise bending MOE compared to the controls. The recommended product layup was the placement of two plies of impregnated E2 grade veneer sheets each for product face and back.     

Modeling of a cylindrical laminated veneer lumber I: mechanical properties of hinoki (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis obtusa</Emphasis>) and the reliability of a nonlinear finite elements model of a four-point bending test

The use of low-grade logs to build spirally wound laminated veneer lumber (LVL) has been studied and improved from the point of view of the gluing process, fiber orientation angle, and end joint of the LVL. The butt joint appears to be the fracture point when the column is submitted to a compressive or bending load. Owing to the complexity of cylindrical LVL, we used a finite element method to simulate the mechanical behavior of part of its wall. This part was small enough to be considered flat but was representative of the structure, especially in the area of the butt joint. This allowed us to test the validity of different settings of the parameters involved in the manufacturing process. To feed data for this model, we used the results established for the linear and nonlinear behavior of raw hinoki in Part I of this series of articles. We then used this numerical model to improve the quality of the butt joint by testing different settings of the joint. We show that reducing the butt joint gap under 0.5 mm, which requires only a few changes in the production line, provides an important increase in the modulus of upture and nonnegligible improvement of the modulus of elasticity compared to that for a ≥ 1 mm butt joint gap.     

Modeling of a cylindrical laminated veneer lumber II: a nonlinear finite element model to improve the quality of the butt joint

The use of low-grade logs to build spirally wound laminated veneer lumber (LVL) has been studied and improved from the point of view of the gluing process, fiber orientation angle, and end joint of the LVL. The butt joint appears to be the fracture point when the column is submitted to a compressive or bending load. Owing to the complexity of cylindrical LVL, we used a finite element method to simulate the mechanical behavior of part of its wall. This part was small enough to be considered flat but was representative of the structure, especially in the area of the butt joint. This allowed us to test the validity of different settings of the parameters involved in the manufacturing process. To feed data for this model, we used the results established for the linear and nonlinear behavior of raw hinoki in Part I of this series of articles. We then used this numerical model to improve the quality of the butt joint by testing different settings of the joint. We show that reducing the butt joint gap under 0.5 mm, which requires only a few changes in the production line, provides an important increase in the modulus of upture and nonnegligible improvement of the modulus of elasticity compared to that for a ≥ 1 mm butt joint gap.     

竹板增强单板层积材组合梁受弯性能

单板层积材加工成梁构件应用于建筑结构材时,由于材料本身的强度和刚度不足,其结构构件不能满足现代多、高层以及大跨度建筑的需求。竹集成材是原竹经过切削成竹片、低温干燥、碳化、涂胶,再同方向平面或侧面组坯、热压胶合而成的竹基复合材料,其力学性能与稳定性优于木材。将集成竹材作为增强材料用于加固单板层积材梁是一种简单有效的提高梁极限承载力的方法。通过进行竹板增强单板层积材组合梁四点弯曲试验,研究了集成竹板对单板层积材受弯性能的增强效果。结果表明,在单板层积材受弯构件上下部粘贴集成竹板可提高构件极限承载力10%～50%。同时,考虑单板层积材和集成竹材料的非线性,推导出了适用于组合梁的极限承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。