中兽药“催情散”对不发情母牛的临床疗效试验

母畜不发情直接影响母畜的繁育和饲养效益。本试验利用山西稷山康益兽药科技开发有限公司生产的中兽药“催情散”对49例不发情母牛进行处理，每头内服300克，连用5天，发情率达85．7％，情期受胎率达57．1％，结果表明：中药“催情散”对不发情母牛亦有很好的催情作用，亦适用于不发情母牛的临床治疗。     

应用促排多胎素诱导黄牛同期发情效果试验

促排多胎素具有刺激成熟卵泡排卵,促进发情,调节发情周期,提高母畜受胎率的功效。本试验应用促排多胎素对农村分散饲养、产犊后久不发情或发情迟缓的母牛进行诱导同期发情效果研究。结果：在注射药物后24～72h内有91．67%(55/60)的母牛发情,经直肠检查发情母牛中排卵率为89．09%(49/55),情期冷配受胎率为63．27%(31/49)。试验表明：促排多胎素对产后久不发情或发情迟缓的母牛进行诱导同期发情处理效果明显,是一种理想的催情药物。     

激素组合疗法提高母牛受胎率的研究报告

为解决适配母牛不及时发情或不发情等问题,提高母牛受胎率。笔者对不发情的初产适龄母牛和经产母牛进行分组、分时、定量肌注兽用激素(组合),适时开展人工授精,定期进行妊娠检查。试验结果表明,试验母牛发情率提高至97.16%、情期受胎率提高至71.2%。激素组合疗法对不发情母牛有显著的催情、促排卵作用,能有效提高母牛受胎率。     

母牛用苯甲酸求偶二醇催情后受胎率检查初步报告

母畜大多数发情不明显或者不发情,这给1959年畜牧业的继续大跃进带来了一定的困难,但人工催情的成功使人们喜出望外,我们沛县选用“求偶素”给母牛进行注射,剂量是每头大家畜肌注三毫升(含一毫克)或一毫升(含5毫克),试验结果,母畜发     

应用初乳诱导母牛发情 提高受配率和受胎率

在实际工作中,我们发现由于农村对母畜使役过重,加之饲养管理跟不上,每年有20％～25％的可繁殖母牛不发情或发情期拖后,严重影响了母牛的繁殖,给养牛业造成了严重的经济损失。为了提高母牛的发情率、受配率和受胎率,我们根据初乳含有完全的生物学活性物质,如球蛋白、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、微量元素、酶和各种激素,其中包括雌激素的特性,进行了初乳诱导乏情母牛发情的实验,自九一年至九三年共催情母牛142头,收到一定效果。     

短期补饲结合药物催情对提高母牛繁殖率效果的观察

我国肉牛业目前面临的主要问题是商品牛源紧张、牛肉供应不足。基础母牛繁殖率低是造成牛源紧张的重要因素。因此,提高母牛繁殖率对于缓解牛源紧张、提高养殖效益、促进产业健康发展具有重要意义。试验通过在短期内补饲催情饲料结合药物诱导催情的方法,来提高母牛繁殖率。结果表明。饲料催情结合药物催情2个月内母牛发情率达到81．8％,妊娠率为63．6％;发情率和妊娠率均有明显提高。对比目前生产模式,该技术方案使用效果比较明显,可以显著提高肉牛养殖的经济效益。     

母畜催情三忌

对不发情的母畜 ,采用苯甲酸求偶雌二醇、孕马血清、促卵泡素、前列腺素、乙烯雌酚等性激素类药物进行催情 ,是提高母畜繁殖力的有效措施。但在使用时 ,须“三忌” :一忌频繁使用。为促使母畜早发情、快发情而连续多次使用性激素 ,会打乱母畜的性周期 ,严重的可造成母畜性机能丧失 ,使母畜只发情不排卵或配种后不受孕。因此 ,使用性激素对母畜催情 ,不可连续滥用。如使用一次未见效果 ,则至少需隔 1个多月后再用。二忌用药过量。采用性激素类药物对母畜催情时 ,必须按规定严格掌握用量。三忌用后配种。一般情况下 ,对使用性激素催情后发情的…     

自拟中药催情散治疗母猪发情迟缓的试验

用自拟中药催情散、西药苯甲酸雌二醇对发情迟缓母猪进行了对比治疗试验,结果表明自拟催情散能促进发情迟缓母猪发情排卵,优于苯甲酸雌二醇的治疗效果,平均多产仔2头,基本达到了该品种的生产性能,提高了母猪的繁殖率。     

母畜用性激素催情三忌

对不发情的母畜，采用苯甲酸求偶雌二醇、孕马血清、促卵泡素、前列腺素、乙烯雌酚等性激素类药物进行催情，是提高母畜繁殖能力的有效措施之一。但是使用应得当，否则，会影响到使用效果。在通常情况下，使用性激素类药物对母畜催情有三忌：一忌频繁使用有的人为了能促使母畜早发情、快发情，对母畜连续多次使用性激素类药物催情。结果，适得其反，打乱了母畜的性周期，严重的可造成母畜的性机能丧失，导致母畜只发情、不排卵，配种后不受孕。因此，使用性激素类药物对母畜催情，不可连续滥用。如果使用一次未能见效果，至少需隔１个多月以…     

PMSG诱导荷斯坦青年母牛发情试验研究

[目的]为了诱导始配年龄的部分青年母牛发情,提高奶牛的繁殖效益.[方法]对20头荷斯坦青年奶牛应用孕马血清PMSG注射用绒促性腺素进行诱导发情处理.[结果]处理后1～9 d内出现发情的有18头,发情率为90%,未发情率为10%;5头对照牛发情率为10%,未发情率为90%(P<0.01).[结论]PMSG处理诱导青年母牛发情的效果显著、确实、可靠.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein