利用人工越冬亲虾大规模育苗的技术

本文通过亲虾越冬大规模人工育苗的生产性试验,总结了适用于生产的育苗技术措施:通过分类管理可以适时并相对集中地获卵;为提高育苗的成活率,采取低温产卵、适温孵化、上限育苗”的控温技术。赵冬亲虾可以多次产卵。     

Growth effect on the otolith and somatic size relationship in Japanese anchovy and sardine larvae

ABSTRACT:   Relationships between otolith and somatic sizes were examined for Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus and sardine Sardinops melanostictus larvae collected broadly in the western North Pacific, based on a substantial data set derived from a previous paper. Allometric formulae showed close fits to the relationships between otolith radius and standard length, and the formulae differed between anchovy and sardine larvae. Despite the high correlations, the effect of somatic growth rate on the otolith and somatic size relationship (the 'growth effect') was significantly detected for both anchovy and sardine larvae. Slower growing larvae tended to have larger otoliths than faster growing conspecifics at the same somatic size. This growth effect was more obvious for sardine larvae than for anchovy larvae, probably because of their differential responses of somatic growth to temperature shifts. The growth effect could lead to the possibility of biases in the back-calculation and size estimation processes. As the growth effect is considered to be a general phenomenon and its extent to be species-specific, the relationship between otolith and somatic size and its uncoupling should be scrutinized before application of techniques based on the otolith and somatic size correlation.     

南极鱼类年龄与生长研究进展

南极鱼类生长相对缓慢,独特的生物学特性使其年龄鉴定较其他海区鱼类更为困难。但考虑到鱼类年龄鉴定是开展渔业资源评估的基础,因此过去一些年来,硬质部位,如鳞片、鳍条(棘)、脊椎骨以及耳石等仍成为南极鱼类的主要鉴龄材料。本文对南极鱼类年龄鉴定的方法和材料进行了总结回顾,将年龄鉴定的方法和材料进行比较,分析各自优缺点。结果显示:(1)对于具鳞的南极鱼类,因鳞片在鱼类生长过程中存在重吸收现象,因而利用鳞片及鳍条(棘)单独鉴龄所得出的结果通常小于耳石的鉴龄结果,缺乏精确性;(2)南极鱼类生活跨度较大,高龄鱼体长频次分布严重重叠,以致无法准确判断其年龄结构;(3)耳石重量法易受到特殊个体影响而误判年龄;(4)因鳍条易损坏,脊椎骨采集较为困难,且许多南极鱼类无鳞,目前大多数南极鱼类使用耳石鉴定年龄,其也成为目前最为精准的南极鱼类鉴龄方法,但同时利用鳞片和耳石重量等对鉴定结果进行验证;(5)南极鱼类尚存在无统一的鉴龄标准、人为主观性较强以及缺乏早期生活史研究等不足之处;(6)为了研究南极鱼类早期生活史,耳石微化学及微结构等方法将被广泛利用。     

东海条石鲷仔鱼耳石日轮与生长的关系

2009年4月15日-5月5日在浙江省舟山水产研究所条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)人工繁殖期间,逐日选择胚胎和仔鱼样本,连续解剖观察发育后期胚胎和前期仔鱼,光镜观察仔鱼矢耳石和微耳石的形态、日轮数,测定其直径,研究条石鲷的耳石日轮和生长。结果表明,受精后约26h,条石鲷胚胎听囊内出现1对矢耳石和1对微耳石;仔鱼孵出第2天形成第1个轮纹,之后每天形成1轮,孵化后天数(N)和矢耳石日轮数(D)的关系为N=D+1;在第8天左右,矢耳石上出现第2条明显的标记轮,为初次摄食轮。仔鱼耳石长径(rs,μm)与鱼体体长(L,mm)呈线性相关,其关系式为rs=18.146L-44.436;矢耳石长径rs与微耳石长径rl之间存在线性相关,其关系式为rs=0.6125rl+1.9882。根据结果确认,矢耳石轮纹可作为条石鲷仔鱼日龄的判别依据。     

Growth patterns of the otoliths of Stellifer rastrifer (Pisces: Sciaenidae) from the Sergipe River estuary (Sergipe, Brazil)

Stellifer rastrifer (Sciaenidae) from the Sergipe River (Brazil) sagittal otoliths show a microstructure that is common to many fish, with microincrements of growth made up of continuous and discontinuous units. The microincrements show thickness and structure variations, which apparently correspond with the rings seen at the macrostructural level.     

金钱鱼的生长特性与咸水池塘驯养

研究金钱鱼Scatophagus argus的池养习性、食性和生长规律。金钱鱼为底栖动食性为主的杂食性鱼类,生长缓慢,始重0.06g饲养26月龄,日均增重(ADG)0.25g,月均增重率(GB_w)从341.67％,逐月下降至7.04％,月特定生长率(SGR_w)从102.92％逐月下降至6.58％。进行3.19hm~2池塘单养和混养,其中单养0.88hm~2,最高单产8823.5kg·hm~(-2),与多种河口近岸经济鱼类合理混养,间养最高单产占有量4716kg·hm~(-2),作为配养对象的混养,一般单产占有量183.4～576.6kg·hm~(-2)。金钱鱼是南海、东海南部沿岸地区海、咸水池塘极具开拓前景的饲养对象。     

Validation of daily increment formation and the effects of different temperatures and feeding regimes on short-term otolith growth in Australian smelt Retropinna semoni

Abstract –  To aid otolith interpretation of wild fish, we conducted a laboratory study using metalarval Australian smelt ( Retropinna semoni ) collected from the Murray River, to examine daily increment deposition and the effects of different temperatures and feeding regimes on otolith growth. Daily increment deposition was confirmed by comparing the number of increments from an oxytetracycline mark with the known number of days from marking. After holding fish at two temperature levels and three feeding rates, both food density and temperature were found to have a significant effect on otolith growth, with food density having the greatest influence. Overall trends in final lengths and condition of fish were well represented by recent otolith growth. The results of the experiment have implications for estimating growth histories and its relationship to various environmental conditions.     

鱼类耳石研究和应用进展

鱼类耳石研究是鱼类生长和早期生活史研究的基础。文章阐述了鱼类耳石形态的研究方法及其在鱼类种类识别中的应用、耳石微结构在鱼类年龄鉴定、早期生长研究、产卵期、孵化期和产卵场的推算以及早期生活史中特殊事件的研究等方面的进展,探讨了耳石研究的存在问题并提出了进一步研究的建议。     

鱼类耳石研究和应用进展

鱼类耳石研究是鱼类生长和早期生活史研究的基础。文章阐述了鱼类耳石形态的研究方法及其在鱼类种类识别中的应用、耳石微结构在鱼类年龄鉴定、早期生长研究、产卵期、孵化期和产卵场的推算以及早期生活史中特殊事件的研究等方面的进展,探讨了耳石研究的存在问题并提出了进一步研究的建议。     

人工养殖条件下哲罗鱼生长的初步研究

哲罗鱼[Hucho taimen(Pallas)]又称太门哲罗鱼,属鲑形目,鲑科,哲罗鱼属,是我国大型的土著名贵冷水性鱼类。由于生态环境遭到破坏,资源量下降,目前仅分布于新疆哈纳斯湖和乌苏里江上游及黑龙江呼玛河段,并被列入《中国濒危动物红皮书》。哲罗鱼具有生长速度快、易驯养等优良特性,是较好的冷水性鱼类养殖品种,因此,开展人工养殖具有重要意义。关于哲罗鱼的研究,国内在20世纪50年代哈尔滨水产试验场冷水性鱼类凋查中就有记载,近年来董崇智等。在对濒危名贵哲罗鱼保护生物学的研究时,对哲罗鱼的分布、性状、生态学、濒危原因及保护对策进行了研究;黄权等研究了鸭绿江花羔红点鲑、细鳞鱼和长白哲罗鱼的繁殖策略比较;白桂芝等进行了哲罗鱼移植池塘与虹鳟混     

One century of eel growth: changes and implications

Abstract – A cooperative effort gathered a large European length‐at‐age data set (N = 45,759, Lat. 36S–61N Long. 10W–27E) for Anguilla anguilla, covering one century. To assess the effect of global warming during the last century and habitat effects on growth, a model was fitted on the data representing the conditions met at the distribution area scale. Two GLMs were designed to predict eel log(GR): one model was fitted to the whole data and the other was fitted to the female data subset. A model selection procedure was applied to select the best predictors among sex, age class, five temperature parameters and six habitat parameters (depth, salinity and four variables related to the position in the catchment). The yearly sum of temperatures above 13 °C (TempSUP13), the relative distance within the catchment, sex, age class, salinity class and depth class were finally selected. The best model predicted eel log(GR) with a 64.46% accuracy for the whole data and 66.91% for the female eel data. Growth rate (GR) was greater in habitats close to the sea and in deep habitats. TempSUP13 variable had one of the greatest predictive powers in the model, showing that global warming had affected eel growth during the last century.     

Age and growth of alfonsino Beryx splendens from the Kanto District, central Japan, based on growth increments on otoliths

ABSTRACT:   Age and growth of alfonsino Beryx splendens (Lowe) were studied using counts of presumed daily incremental growth rings on the transverse section of otoliths of fish collected from the Kanto District, central Japan. Microstructural growth increments were observed from the core to the outermost margin of the broadest of approximately 50 branches formed on the surface of an otolith. Of 98 otoliths examined, 46 were readable. The number of increments and fish lengths ranged from 448 (218 mm fork length [FL]) to 3701 (411 mm FL). The ages of these fish were estimated to be 1 year, 2 months and 10 years, 2 months, respectively, assuming that an increment was formed daily. The von Bertalanffy growth equation combined for males and females was expressed as follows: L _t  = 542 {1 −  exp  [−0.133( t  + 2.00)]}, where L _t is fork length (mm) at yearly age t . The results of the present study were compared with those of other researchers who had studied alfonsino from central Japan.     

怒江上游热裸裂尻鱼年龄结构与生长特性

热裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis thermalis)是怒江上游鱼类的优势种之一,为了更好地保护裂腹鱼类,分析其年龄结构和生长特征对种群资源现状及保护有重要意义。2019年3-5月和9-11月,在西藏自治区怒江干流八宿至那曲江段设置7个采样点,共计采集热裸裂尻鱼245尾,以微耳石为年龄鉴定材料,初步探讨怒江上游热裸裂尻鱼年龄结构与生长特征。结果显示,所采集热裸裂尻鱼体长为3.1～35.5 cm,体重为1.28～504.42 g。体长(L)与微耳石半径(r)长轴呈正相关,其表达式为：L=22.537r-5.469(R²=0.9518,n=229)。体长(L)与体重(W)表达式为：W=2×10^-5L^2.8833(R²=0.9915,n=229),生长系数k值为0.099,生长指标φ为4.22,生长指数b为2.8833,拐点年龄ti为11.62龄,拐点体长L_i为26.74 cm,拐点体重W_i为260.4g,表明热裸裂尻鱼为异速缓慢生长类型。样本中共发现1...