The pomegranate butterfly Deudorix livia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): an emerging pest on dates in Tunisia

The pomegranate butterfly Deudorix (=Virachola) livia Klug 1834 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) was encountered for the first time infesting dates (Phoenix dactylifera, variety Deglet Nour) in the oasis of Gafsa, Southern Tunisia in September 2011. Larvae of D. livia only caused damage on date fruits at the phenological stages kimiri (green fruits) and khalal (yellow fruits). The average infestation rate of dates was 10%. In addition, 7.1% of the infested fruits dropped to the ground. Damage caused by this insect on dates is described, the current situation in Tunisia is provided and possible control methods in Tunisia are briefly discussed. Although this pest has previously been reported in Tunisia on pomegranate this is the first report of D. livia on dates in the country.     

警惕检疫性害虫大洋臀纹粉蚧在中国大陆扩散

大洋臀纹粉蚧(Plaanococcus minor)是一种近年来入侵我国大陆的检疫性害虫,原仅记载于我国台湾,2008年以来在广西、广东、海南、云南等地被陆续发现.该虫食性杂,为害超过250种水果、经济作物、花卉和园林植物.本文介绍了大洋臀纹粉蚧的基本信息、为害特点、生物学特性、地理分布、寄主范围、国内扩散趋势、口岸截...     

Plant and insect virus-like particles: emerging nanoparticles for agricultural pest management

Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a biodegradable, biocompatible nanomaterial made from viral coat proteins that can improve the delivery of antigens, drugs, nucleic acids, and other substances, with most applications in human and veterinary medicine. Regarding agricultural viruses, many insect and plant virus coat proteins have been shown to assemble into VLPs accurately. In addition, some plant virus-based VLPs have been used in medical studies. However, to our knowledge, the potential application of plant/insect virus-based VLPs in agriculture remains largely underexplored. This review focuses on why and how to engineer coat proteins of plant/insect viruses as functionalized VLPs, and how to exploit VLPs in agricultural pest control. The first part of the review describes four different engineering strategies for loading cargo at the inner or the outer surface of VLPs depending on the type of cargo and purpose. Second, the literature on plant and insect viruses the coat proteins of which have been confirmed to self-assemble into VLPs is reviewed. These VLPs are good candidates for developing VLP-based agricultural pest control strategies. Lastly, the concepts of plant/insect virus-based VLPs for delivering insecticidal and antiviral components (e.g., double-stranded RNA, peptides, and chemicals) are discussed, which provides future prospects of VLP application in agricultural pest control. In addition, some concerns are raised about VLP production on a large scale and the short-term resistance of hosts to VLP uptake. Overall, this review is expected to stimulate interest and research exploring plant/insect virus-based VLP applications in agricultural pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

The black fig fly Silba adipata (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) as an emerging pest in Tunisia: preliminary data on geographic distribution,bioecology and damage

Phytoparasitica - Frugivorous fruit flies are considered among the most damaging pests of cultivated fruit crops. The most studied ones are those belonging to the Tephritidae family such as the...     

Occurrence,ecology and potential impact of the New Zealand wheat bug Nysius huttoni White (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Belgium

In 2002 the New Zealand wheat bug Nysius huttoni White was observed for the first time in the Netherlands and Belgium. The introduction of N. huttoni to these regions presumably occurred via overseas transport of apple and kiwi fruits from New Zealand. Laboratory experiments showed that both eggs and adults of N. huttoni were capable of surviving cold conditions similar to those in overseas transportation. Specimens were sampled in Belgium and the Netherlands, and a DNA sequence analysis indicated a 100% similarity with N. huttoni material collected in Christchurch, New Zealand. The distribution of the lygaeid in Belgium in 2008 was studied based on a systematic sampling at 105 locations. The bug had been able to spread over most of the Belgian territory, with the exception of the most southern and eastern provinces. Given the poor flight capacity of Belgian N. huttoni populations, other methods of dispersal may be involved. N. huttoni occurred primarily in ruderal habitats, and its weedy host plants belong to very common plant families. Several observations support N. huttoni not being a threat for agricultural crops in Belgium under the present conditions of climate and soil usage.     

入侵害虫西方花蓟马综合防治进展的概述

本文对西方花蓟马在我国适生性进行了简要的分析,概述了当前国内外西方花蓟马综合防治的研究进展,并提出了在我国控制该虫扩散蔓延的对策。     

我国荔枝上的一种新害虫

本文简要记述了在广东省廉江市荔枝上发现的一种新害虫——榕树粉蚧Pseudococcus baliteus Lit的形态特征、寄主和分布。这是榕树粉蚧在中国的首次纪录。     

First report of an insect pest on Passiflora tenuifila Killip (Passifloraceae)

The genus Passiflora L. has more than 400 species, most of which occur natively in tropical and subtropical regions of South America. The fruit of Passiflora tenuifila Killip, one of the native species of Brazil, has great potential for commercial use by pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, due to its high content of phenolic compounds, which are natural antioxidants. The study was conducted in two areas located in Tocantins and in the Federal District, Brazil. The presence of globose lumps and thickening of the stems on plants of Pa. tenuifila was observed on plants in these areas. Injured samples taken from both locations were analyzed and showed the presence of larvae and pupae of a Curculionidae, which completed their life cycle in the laboratory. The adults were identified as Philonis crucifer (Brèthes) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In Tocantins, 100% of the plants in the trial area were infested, while in the Federal District trial the incidence of infestation was 20.3%. This is the first report of an insect on Pa. tenuifila, indicating the need to develop management strategies for this pest to be applied in commercial crops of this Passiflora species.     

A new insect pest,Lasioptera sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on tomato and cucumber crops in glasshouses in Greece

Previously unrecorded damage to tomato and cucumber crops grown in glasshouses in Greece is described and attributed to an unidentified species of Lasioptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Larvae develop in stems, and resulting necrosis induces wilting, stem breakages and reduction of fruit production. Methods of cultural and chemical control are suggested, and the need for further research to establish the identity of the pest and its probable origin is emphasized.     

黄芪新害虫——黄芪根瘤象的鉴别特征

黄芪根瘤象Sitona simillimus Korotyaev(我国于2013年首次报道该虫时误鉴为Sitona ophtalmicus Desbrochers)为我国近年在黄芪上新发现的一种优势害虫,在我国黄芪主产区的甘肃陇西、岷县、临洮等地均有分布,以成虫、幼虫为害黄芪的根、叶,严重影响黄芪的产量与品质。本文概述了黄芪根瘤象的研究概况,对其各虫态的形态特征进行了描述,并提供了成虫、幼虫、卵、蛹及雌雄生殖器的特征彩图,为该虫的正确鉴定提供资料。     

入侵害虫松树蜂嗅觉共受体SnocOrco基因的鉴定及其表达模式分析

为探究我国重大入侵害虫松树蜂Sirex noctilio的嗅觉分子机制,通过RT-PCR技术克隆松树蜂嗅觉共受体SnocOrco基因的cDNA全长序列,并进行生物信息学分析,且采用qPCR技术明确SnocOrco在组织中的特异性表达谱和时空表达特性。结果表明,SnocOrco基因（GenBank登录号：MK748989）开放阅读框全长1 446 bp,编码481个氨基酸,氨基酸序列具有7个跨膜螺旋结构和1个高度保守结构功能域Pfam：7tm_6。SnocOrco属于稳定的疏水性膜蛋白,同源性比对和系统发育分析结果显示,氨基酸序列与膜翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目和双翅目其它昆虫的Orco都具有很高的同源性,其中与麦茎蜂Cephus cinctus的CcinOrco同源性最高,达到87.14%,在系统发育树中聚为一支。qPCR结果显示,SnocOrco主要在雌、雄成虫触角中高表达,约为外生殖器中表达量的6 000倍和4 000倍,且在雌成虫中的表达量高于雄成虫中的表达量;在2~7日龄成虫触角中SnocOrco的相对表达量在2日龄时达到最高,之后随着日龄的增加呈下降趋势;昼夜节律显示,SnocOrco相对表达量从9：00—15：00呈先上升后下降的趋势,在11：00时达到最高。表明SnocOrco基因在松树蜂两性交流中起着重要作用。     

Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an Asian pest thrips now established in Europe

An established population of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a species originating from Asia and the Pacific, is reported for the first time in the Western Palaeartic zone (in the South of France). Notes relating to the current geographical distribution, identification, biology and risk of establishment of this potentially invasive species in Europe are provided.     

First record of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an Asian pest thrips in Spain

Several permanent populations of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) were discovered outdoors for the first time in Spain in 2010. Captures were made mainly on Rosa flowers, Nerium oleander and Gerbera sp.     

Integrated pest management approach for a new pest, Lacanobia subjuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Washington apple orchards

Bioassays of Lacanobia subjuncta (Grote and Robinson) larvae established baseline LC50 values and identified the potential of reduced-risk, organophosphate replacement and naturally derived insecticides (eg chloronicotinyls, spinosyns, oxadiazines, insect growth regulators, microbial insecticides and particle films) to control this pest. The toxicities of these products were compared with those of organophosphate, carbamate, chlorinated cyclodiene and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides used in the management of lepidopteran pests in Washington apple orchards. Field trials were conducted comparing candidate insecticides to conventional alternatives. Several new insecticides (eg spinosad, methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb and an aluminosilicate particle film) proved to be effective for the management of L subjuncta. We summarize the goals and challenges of developing an integrated pest management program for new and resurgent pests as insecticide tools continue to change, and propose a hypothesis for the sudden increase in pest status of L subjuncta based on organophosphate tolerances. The role of novel insecticides with unique modes of action in resistance management and the encouragement of biological control are also discussed.     

橡胶树上的一种新害虫——华蝉

海南省是我国橡胶主产区,种植面积为37万hm2,约占全国种植面积的60%.在橡胶园虫害调查中,发现橡胶树上一种新的害虫,经鉴定为华蝉(Sinosemia shirakii Matsumura),属华蝉属(Sinosemia Matsumura),螂蝉族(Pomponiini),蝉亚科(Cicadinae),蝉科(Cicadidae),该虫是我国的特有种.     

红火蚁克星对入侵红火蚁的防治效果

经过一年来的野外试验,结果表明红火蚁克星对红火蚁具有显著的控制效果。施药后4d,红火蚁全巢死亡率达83.33～92.31%,施药后7～10d全巢死亡。施药后90d和180d监测结果表明,诱测点在6个月内未出现新的蚁巢。     

Characteristics of pyrethroids for insect pest control in agriculture

Pyrethroid insecticides are characterised by high knockdown and lethal activity, a wide spectrum, good residual activity, together with repellent and antifeeding activity. With these characteristics, pyrethroid insecticides have become widely used for plant protection. Their major use has been for the control of bollworms and leafworms in cotton but they have also achieved widespread use for controlling various species of lepidopterous pests in fruits and vegetables, aphids in cereals, and many other minor outlets. Although the early synthetic pyrethroids suffered from a lack of activity against mites and soil pests, later additions, such as fenpropathrin, have combined high acaricidal activity with insecticidal activity and further pyrethroids are being introduced for use in soil. The extent of pyrethroid use has increased progressively since the first of the ‘photostable’ pyrethroids was registered. In 1986, the market share of pyrethroids reached 25 % of the total insecticide market for plant protection; this figure can be increased in the future.     

Masonaphis lambersi MacGillivray, 1960 (Homoptera,Aphididae), a new pest of Rhododendron in Europe

Samenvatting Een beschrijving wordt gegeven van de levenswijze van de groene, rode of gele bladluisMasonaphis lambersi, die in Nederland en Engeland bladhoudende en bladverliezende, buitengroeiende rhododendrons aantast. Aan aangetaste scheuten van bladhoudendeRododendron ponticum hybriden blijven den bladen klein, en er worden geen bloemknoppen aangelegd. Vervellingshuidjes en dode luizen blijven meestal maandenlang aan dedaardoor grijsgroene bladeren vastkleven.R. molle hybriden vertonen bij ernstige aantasting onregelmatig gewelfd blad en verdrogingsverschijnselen, maar maken normaal bloemknoppen.R. ferrugineum andR. praecos werden niet aangetast. De bladluis was slechts uit de Westelijke kuststaten van de Verenigde Staten bekend, en werd, na signalering vanuit Nederland, ook in Engeland gevonden. De kleverige jonge scheuten en bladeren vanR. ponticum hybriden werken als lijmstokken voor bladluisparasieten en ook voor andere bladluissoorten. Inhemse roofvjanden worden op eendere wijze in hun verplaatsing belemmered. Op bladverliezende rhododendron vond evenmin parasitering en nagenoeg geen predatie plaats. Invoer van eventuele, aangepaste natuurlijke vijanden uit Ameika wordt wenselijk geacht. Op bladhoudende rhododendrons zou bestrijding gewenst kunnen zijn, mar de schade valt pas op als de luizen door verouderen van het blad uitsterven. De overwintering op bladhoudende vormen lijkt uitgesloten.     

转基因昆虫在害虫防治上的应用前景

对转基因昆虫的发展历史,转基因昆虫的技术要点,特别是载体和标记基因进行了系统阐述,同时对转基因昆虫的应用方向和生物安全性及其管理做了简要介绍。