共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
不同环境条件下气孔和光合作用模型: 4个杨树无性系对光照、温度和相对湿度的反应(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用配有Li-610露点发生器的Li-cor6200在温室中测定了4个杨树无性系叶水平上的气孔导度(Cs)和净光合速率(Pn).在3个相对湿度(RH)水平(70%,50%和30%)控制下,不同温度(25℃,30℃和35℃)条件下,杨树无性系的Pn、Cs、蒸腾速率(E)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)表现出显著差异(P<0.0001).随着空气湿度的减小,E、Cs、Ci明显下降.结果表明:RH低时,而不是VPD高时,气孔关闭在调节蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度中起更大作用.另外,还选用了净光合速率-光照模型和Cs-Pn复合模型模拟了不同光照、温度和相对湿度条件下Pn和Cs间的关系.尽管无性系、温度和湿度间存在差异,但在模拟Pn对光照的关系上净光合速率-光照模型最合适.关于Cs-Pn模型,检验了Leuning模型,建立了新的Cs-Pn模型:Cs=Cs0+a0Pn/[(CO2-Γ)(1+f(T)(1-RH/100)/D0)].基于它们之间的关系,式中加入了反映温度和RH的变量,代替了VPD变量.与田间数据模拟结果相比较,新模型和Leuning模型一样适合.并且,为了预测气孔和气体交换的行为,可以用净光合速率-光照模型修正Cs-P 相似文献
2.
五种桤木属植物的光合特性初步研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
对1999、2000年从加拿大、中国台湾等地引进的台湾桤木、日本桤木、欧洲桤木等5种桤木属植物进行引种试验,研究发现,除我国特有的桤木外,欧洲桤木基本能够适应我国南方气候和立地条件,种子发芽率较高,生长迅速,还具有抗盐碱能力.日本桤木光饱和点曲线为明显的双峰型结构,其最大光饱和点分别在900μmol/m2和2 000μmol/m2.研究结果表明,五种桤木属植物间的光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量等性状差异达到显著或极显著. 相似文献
3.
采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统(Li—Cor Inc.,USA)对常绿灌木紫花含笑和常绿乔木苦梓含笑的光合生理特性进行了测定。结果表明:(1)两种含笑叶片的光响应曲线符合非直角双曲线模型,表观光量子效率接近,但灌木紫花含笑的光饱和点、光补偿点、最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率均比乔木苦梓含笑低。(2)光照强度对两种含笑的气孔行为、蒸腾速率和水分利用率的影响效果近似,光照强度诱导气孔导度变大,蒸腾速率加强。当达到光饱和后,随着光强的增强,净光合速率增加缓慢,气孔导度和蒸腾速率持续增大,水分利用率下降。 相似文献
4.
杨树与栅锈菌互作过程中光合、蒸腾作用变化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用LI-6400便携式光合仪对受落叶松-杨栅锈菌 Melampsora larici-populina Kleb.侵染后的杨树寄主的光合、蒸腾作用进行了动态监测.通过对不同抗性的杨树寄主在不同接种时间段的光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)以及蒸腾速率(Tp)活体监测后发现,在受到栅锈菌侵染后,抗病品种和感病品种的净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度均随接种时间的延长而逐渐下降.其中抗病品种内下降的幅度要比感病品种小.蒸腾速率在寄主受侵后开始逐渐下降直到开始产孢,但是在产孢后蒸腾速率就开始持续上升并超过健康寄主,并在产孢高峰达到最大值.气孔导度在接种后迅速增加,在产孢前后又开始大幅度的下降.这4个基本生理指标变化说明,栅锈菌侵染寄主后对寄主的光合、蒸腾作用均有影响,而且在亲合性组合中影响显著. 相似文献
5.
将1年生构树幼苗置于不同NaCl浓度的土壤下,就其叶片水势、光合特性、Na+、K+在不同器官的吸收和分配对盐胁迫响应进行研究.结果显示:当土壤NaCl浓度大于3 g·kg-1,构树幼苗叶片的水势显著降低.构树幼苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度随土壤NaCl浓度的增加而下降,净光合速率下降的主要因素是非气孔限制.在盐胁迫下构树选择Na+而排斥K+,叶片中积累的Na+大于根系,这与多数非盐生植物所具有的排钠特性不同.盐胁迫下净光合速率与叶片水势旱显著的正相关,叶片中Na+、K+含量与叶片的水势分别成显著的负相关和正相关. 相似文献
6.
温度对杉木中龄林针叶光合生理生态的影响 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
采用活体测定方法,在大气CO2 浓度(350±10)μL·L-1、70%±5%相对湿度和一定光合有效辐射通量密度条件下,测定了18a生杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.)Hook.)中龄林针叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(gs)、蒸腾速率(E)和暗呼吸(Rd)等光合生理生态指标对温度的响应。结果表明,杉木中龄林针叶光合生理生态指标对温度的变化非常敏感。Pn对温度的响应呈抛物线型,不同季节Pn的最适温度不同,在生长盛期(5月下旬)和后期(10月中旬)为25℃左右,在生长中期30℃左右,但生长盛期当年生针叶例外,其Pn最适温度仅22℃~23℃。Pn的最适温度与测定前5d平均最高气温更接近。gs 和E对温度的响应与Pn相似,但gs 达最大值的温度比Pn低。在试验条件下温度对Pn的影响可能主要由于非气孔因素引起。温度对gs的影响可能源于叶面-大气水汽压差(VPD)的变化和光合作用引起的胞间CO2 浓度的改变。温度对E的影响与gs 和VPD的变化密不可分。暗呼吸随温度增加呈指数增加,但由于生理活性和所处光环境的差异,当年生针叶Rd明显高于1a生和2a生老叶。杉木针叶光合生理生态对温度变化的长期响应与适应,还有待于进一步的研究。 相似文献
7.
不同核桃品种光合特性比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统,对香玲、鲁光、清香、西林3号、西洛3号5个核桃品种的光合生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,5个品种的净光合速率日平均值大小顺序为香玲>鲁光>清香>西林三号>西洛3号。净光合速率日变化、蒸腾速率日变化和气孔导度日变化曲线均呈单峰型和双峰型;不同品种净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度,蒸腾速率与气孔导度均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);香玲品种核桃苗叶光补偿点、光饱和点分别为58.997、1 450μmo1·m-2·s-1。 相似文献
8.
为探讨杉木叶色的差异性以及不同叶色类型光合作用的特征,以20个杉木单株为试验材料开展研究,结果表明,20个单株的叶色存在显著差异,可按聚类结果分成两类,其在蓝黄色轴上的差异达到极显著水平,但两种叶色类型杉木在净光合速率、胞间CO_2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率等光合作用特征指标上均无显著差异。 相似文献
9.
采用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统测定了黑龙江省佳木斯市孟家岗林场不同立地条件、不同龄组长白落叶松的气体交换参数。结果表明,饱和光照强度下长白落叶松的气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率受针叶朝向(阳生叶和阴生叶)、立地条件和林龄的影响而表现出不同。除幼龄林立地指数为12的阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率,幼龄林立地指数为18的阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度和蒸腾速率,近熟林立地指数为17的阳生叶和阴生叶蒸腾速率存在显著差异外,其余所有林龄相同立地指数的阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均无显著差异。近熟林的阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度,中龄林和近熟林的阳生叶水分利用效率受立地条件的影响均不显著;幼龄林阳生叶和阴生叶的水分利用效率,近熟林阳生叶和阴生叶的蒸腾速率均随着立地指数的增加表现出显著升高的趋势;幼龄林和中龄林阳生叶和阴生叶的气孔导度和蒸腾速率,中龄林和近熟林的阴生叶水分利用效率均随着立地指数的增加表现出显著降低的趋势。饱和光照强度下阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度和蒸腾速率受林龄的影响显著,而水分利用效率受林龄的影响不显著。 相似文献
10.
通过对阜新地区常用的小钻杨、群众杨、黑林1号、哲林4号、中绥12号、中荷64号等6个杨树品种开展气孔方面调查研究,结果表明:群众杨的气孔密度大于其他品种,气孔长度和宽度小于其他品种,且差异显著;从蒸腾速率和水分利用率角度,群众杨和小钻杨抗水分胁迫的能力优于其他品种。最终得出,在6个品种中,群众杨和小钻杨的抗旱能力较强。 相似文献
11.
12.
WANG Hui-mei LI Yan-hua GAO Yin-xiang ZU Yuan-gang 《林业研究》2006,17(4):273-276
Introduction Micropropagation is an important tool for mass production of uniform plants because of its high efficiency, with good phytosanitary status and quality control. Considerable efforts have been directed to optimize the conditions for in vitro st… 相似文献
13.
A dramatic decline in forest cover in eastern Africa along with a growing population means that timber and poles for building and fuelwood are in short supply. To overcome this shortage, the region is increasingly turning to eucalyptus. But eucalyptus raises environmental concerns of its own. Fears that it will deplete water supply, affect wildlife and reduce associated crop yields have caused many countries in the region to discourage farmers from planting this exotic. This paper is part of a series of investigations on the growth and water use efficiency of faster growing eucalyptus hybrids, which was introduced from South Africa to Kenya. The hypothesis is that the new hybrids are more efficient in using water and more suitable for the semi-arid tropics than existing eucalyptus and two popular agroforestry species. Gas exchange characteristics of juvenile Eucalyptus grandis (W. Hill ex Maiden), two eucalyptus hybrids (E. grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.), Grevillea robusta (A. Cunn) and Cordia africana (Lam) was studied under field and pot conditions using an infrared gas analyzer was used to measure photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (g s) and transpiration rate (E) at CO2 concentrations of 360 μmol mol−1 and ambient humidity and temperature. A, E and g s varied between species, being highest in eucalyptus hybrid GC 15 (24.6 μmol m−2 s−1) compared to eucalyptus hybrid GC 584 (21.0 μmol m−2 s−1), E. grandis (19.2 μmol m−2 s−1), C. africana (17.7 μmol m−2 s−1) and G. robusta (11.1 μmol m−2 s−1). C. africana exhibited high E values (7.0 mmol m−2 s−1) at optimal soil moisture contents than G. robusta (3.9 mmol m−2 s−1) and eucalyptus (5.3 mmol m−2 s−1) in field experiment and G. robusta (3.2 mmol m−2 s−1) and eucalyptus (4.2 mmol m−2 s−1) in pot-grown trees. At very low soil moisture content, extremely small g s values were recorded in GC 15 and E. grandis (8 mmol m−2 s−1) and G. robusta (14 mmol m−2 s−1) compared to GC 584 (46.9 mmol m−2 s−1) and C. africana (90.0 mmol m−2 s−1) indicating strong stomatal control by the species. Instantaneous water use efficiency ranged between 3 and 5 μmol mmol−1 and generally decreased with decline in soil moisture in pot-grown trees but increased with declining soil moisture in field-grown trees. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Tanaka Kenzo Reiji Yoneda Mohamad Alias Azani Nik Muhamad Majid 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(2):137-142
Leaf hairs may assist in maintaining high leaf water use efficiency in tropical secondary forest tree species. We compared
leaf temperature, transpiration, photosynthesis and water use efficiency between hairy and depilated leaves in Mallotus macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae), to determine the role of leaf hair in leaf water use efficiency (WUE) in tropical degraded secondary forest
in Malaysia. Measurements were made on five mature individuals growing in sun-exposed conditions and five in shaded conditions.
The hair dry weight per unit leaf area was significantly greater in sun leaves than in shade leaves. The transpiration rate
(Trmax) of depilated leaves in sun-exposed conditions was slightly higher than in hairy leaves in both morning and afternoon measurements.
In contrast, Trmax in the shade leaves was almost identical in hairy and depilated leaves. Leaf stomatal conductance (g
s) in the morning showed almost the same value among leaf types and light conditions. In the afternoon, g
s slightly decreased from the morning values in both sun and shade conditions. In the morning, the leaf water use efficiency
(A
max/Trmax) in both conditions did not differ significantly between hairy and depilated leaves. However, in the afternoon, WUE in the
depilated leaves was significantly lower than in hairy leaves in sun-exposed conditions. These observations suggest that leaf
hairs in M. macrostachyus contribute to the high leaf water use efficiency in drought conditions, such as high vapor pressure deficit experienced at
midday in degraded tropical secondary forests. 相似文献
17.
哈尔滨市主要植物生理生态功能研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
为了给哈尔滨市生态建设选取生态效应优良的植物材料,测定了20种左右的哈尔滨主要植物材料的叶面积指数、固碳量、释氧量、滞尘量以及耐荫参数等,并根据数据分析结果,提出了几个生态性能较优的树种、灌木种,并指出了乔灌草的适用特点。 相似文献
18.
两种原始兰科植物生理生态特征的比较 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
金佛山兰 (Tangtsiniananchuanica)为国家二级保护植物 ,野外个体数量极稀少 ,仅见于重庆南川金佛山及附近的稀疏马尾松林下 ,并且仅与其亲源种金兰 (Cephalantherafalcata)生长在一起。对比研究了生长在温室内的金佛山兰和金兰的多项生理生态指标。结果表明 ,金佛山兰与金兰只在气孔导度、水分利用率及胞间CO2 浓度方面有显著差异。金佛山兰的净光合速率、暗呼吸速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2 浓度、光补偿点、光饱和点、光能利用率和水分利用率分别为 6.1 6(± 0 .4) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .47(± 0 .0 4) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、2 .7(±0 .2 )mmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .1 1 4(± 0 .0 2 )mol·m- 2 s- 1 、2 0 6(± 2 9) μmol·mol- 1 、1 0 μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、2 0 0μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、9.6(± 0 .9) %、3 1 (± 0 2 )mmolCO2 ·mol- 1 H2 O ;金兰的各项值分别为 5 .8(±1 .1 ) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .45 (± 0 .0 6) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、2 .6(± 0 .3 )mmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .1 0 1 (± 0 .0 3 )mol·m- 2 s- 1 、1 73 (± 5 1 ) μmol·mol- 1 、1 0 μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、2 0 0 μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、9.1 (± 1 .1 ) %、2 .7(± 0 .7)mmolCO2 ·mol- 1 H2 O。在温室内晴 相似文献
19.
在鲁西地区对鲁林2号、鲁林3号、2025杨(对照)3个杨树品种的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等生理指标进行测定的结果表明:鲁林2号、鲁林3号的净光合速率显著高于对照,具有高产潜能。相关性分析发现,蒸腾速率、空气温度与杨树净光合速率分别呈极显著和显著正相关关系,说明杨树要实现高产,必须有充分的水、热条件做保障。 相似文献
20.
Yvens E.M. Cordeiro Hugo A. Pinheiro Benedito G. dos Santos Filho Sofia S. Corrêa Joo R.R. e Silva Moacyr B. Dias-Filho 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009,258(7):1449-1455
Young mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) plants were grown under either well-watered (pre-dawn leaf water potential, Ψpd, ca. −0.40 MPa) or drought (Ψpd, ca. −3.52 MPa) conditions to examine some physiological strategies that allow the maintenance of leaf turgor. In well-watered plants, stomatal conductance (gs) was nearly constant (440 mmol m−2 s−1) between 7:00 and 13:00 h. This was accomplished by significant increases in transpiration (E) and apparent total hydraulic conductance (KT), in which averages were higher at 13:00 h. From 13:00 to 17:00 h, gs, E, and KT decreased sharply, reaching their lower values at 17:00 h. In these plants, significant increases in height (116%), stem diameter (50%) and leaf area (200%) were registered over the experimental period (20 days). Analyses of linear regression between gs or E and leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (Δw) were not significant. In water-stressed plants, gs and E were higher at 7:00 h and lower from 9:00 to 17:00 h, while KT was higher in early morning (7:00 h) and in late afternoon (17:00 h) than between 9:00 and 15:00 h. Moreover, both gs and E decreased potentially (P < 0.001) with the diurnal increases on Δw. Drought also decreased leaf and leaflet numbers and reduced total leaf area, but had no effect on stem height and diameter. Leaf proline was higher (ca. 400%, between 13:00 and 15:00 h) in water-stressed plants, suggesting osmotic adjustment under drought. Twelve hours after resumption of irrigation, Ψpd was similar (P > 0.05) between well-watered and drought-stressed plants, suggesting an ability of plants to recover turgor after stress cessation. Altogether, our data support the hypothesis that young mahogany plants have the ability to satisfactorily tolerate or postpone drought. 相似文献