保鲜剂对灵武长枣保鲜效果和鲜食品质的影响

以灵武长枣为试材，研究了保鲜剂不同处理方式对枣果保鲜效果和鲜食品质的影响。试验结果表明：保鲜剂真空渗透和浸果处理减缓了果肉硬度的下降速度，增加了贮藏后期的好果率，枣果好果率和果肉硬度呈正相关。保鲜剂处理也减缓了抗坏血酸和可滴定酸含量的下降速度，抑制了贮藏期蔗糖水解，但对还原糖含量没有明显的效果。保鲜剂真空渗透和浸果处理的蔗糖含量和果肉硬度呈高度正相关（Γ真空=0．9718，Γ浸果=0．9942）。     

采收期和品种对枣果实品质的影响*

以灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣为试材,研究了不同采收期对灵武长枣果实品质的影响;以及在同一采收期下,灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣在低温贮藏前后营养成分的变化规律.试验结果表明:灵武长枣在不同采收期中,全红果的果肉硬度小于大半红果,头蓬果高于三蓬果;全红果的可溶性固形物、蔗糖、可溶性果胶含量均高于大半红果;三蓬果的葡萄糖、果糖含量高于头蓬果,头蓬全红果的蔗糖、总糖含量高于三蓬全红果;抗坏血酸含量在各个采收期变化不明显.同一采收期的灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣,在贮藏95天后,3个品种的果肉硬度、抗坏血酸、可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖均呈下降趋势,其中梨枣的果肉硬度、抗坏血酸含量下降均最多;灵武长枣采收时抗坏血酸含量最高且降解最少;冬枣蔗糖含量下降了88.5个百分点;灵武长枣、冬枣可滴定酸含量有所增加,而梨枣出现下降;冬枣的果糖上升了113.6个百分点,明显高于其他2个品种,是贮藏后风味更为浓甜的主要原因.     

中宁圆枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

以10年生的中宁圆枣为试材,研究了果实发育后期(白熟期￣全红期)生理和生化变化特性,结果表明:(1)中宁圆枣果肉硬度变化具有明显的2个阶段,从白熟期至初红期,果肉硬度大幅度降低;从初红期至全红期,硬度维持在12.0￣12.5kg/cm2。(2)果实抗坏血酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.9686;果实可滴定酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9254。(3)果实发育成熟期,可溶性固形物、总糖、蔗糖和果糖含量均与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,葡萄糖含量和果实发育成熟度呈显著的正相关关系。(4)中宁圆枣果实在白熟期前以积累单糖为主,果实糖份累积总体表现为“果糖 蔗糖”型。(5)随着果实发育成熟,果实相对甜度不断增加。果实总糖、可溶性固形物、蔗糖和果糖含量与果实相对甜度呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9940、0.9827、0.9750和0.9259;葡萄糖含量和果实相对甜度呈显著正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9117。     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

以6年生的灵武长枣为试材,研究了果实发育后期（白绿期～全红期）生理和生化变化特性,结果表明：（1）灵武长枣从白绿期至全红期,果肉硬度缓慢降低,与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.9803,全红时果肉硬度12.4kg/cma^2。（2）果实抗坏血酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,拟合曲线为三次多项式,相关系数r=-0.9731;果实可滴定酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9746。（3）果实发育成熟期,可溶性固形物、总糖和蔗糖含量均与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系。（4）灵武长枣在白绿期前以积累单糖为主,果实糖份累积总体表现为“蔗糖”型。（5）随着果实发育成熟,相对甜度不断增加,与总糖、蔗糖和可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9966、0.9880和0.9828。（6）灵武长枣在果实发育后期,果肉淀粉含量最高达51.54mg/100g,对果实的糖度没有明显影响。（7）白熟期的果实在软化前,呼吸强度在10～26mg/（kg.h）间变化,没有明显的呼吸高峰,初步确定为呼吸非跃变型。     

金柑的采后贮藏生理变化

以尤溪金柑为试验材料,研究其采后贮藏过程中可滴定酸、Vc及可溶性糖含量变化,贮藏90 d后统计好果率和失重率。结果表明,4个试验点的金柑经保鲜剂处理的好果率均明显高于未处理。随着贮藏时间的延长,金柑果皮和果肉中的可滴定酸和Vc含量呈明显下降的趋势;果糖、葡萄糖含量总体呈下降的趋势,但变化幅度不大;果皮中蔗糖含量前60 d逐渐升高,随后急速下降;果肉中蔗糖含量前30 d急剧下降,随后缓慢下降。     

森柏保鲜剂对西番莲采后生理及贮藏品质的影响

为探讨森柏保鲜剂(Semperfresh)对西番莲采后生理及贮藏品质的影响,以筛选出最优保鲜浓度。采用不同浓度森柏保鲜剂(0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%和2.0%)浸果1 min后于室温下贮藏,测定贮藏12 d期间果实硬度、VC、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的变化规律。结果表明:森柏保鲜剂能显著改善西番莲采后果实生理及品质特性,其中以1.6%浓度处理最优,贮藏期间将果实硬度、VC、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量维持在较高较稳定的水平,显著延缓了西番莲果实后熟衰老进程。     

载果量对初果期晚熟杂柑风味及质地品质的影响

【目的】探讨不同树体载果量水平对初果期红桔、美国糖桔、春见、红美人和胡柚等5个晚熟杂柑品种风味品质及果实质地的影响,以期为各品种初果期最适宜树体载果量区间设定和鲜食品质提升提供理论依据。【方法】2019年,以生长势基本一致、4年生的各品种挂果树为材料,在设施栽培条件下设定单一载果量处理,以果实可溶性固形物（TSS）含量与可滴定酸（TA）含量比值变化趋势为主要指标,判断各品种果实成熟进程并选定相对适宜的采收期;2020年在此基础上设定高、低载果量2个处理,分别测定各品种成熟期果实TSS和TA含量,果肉和果皮中可溶性糖、有机酸组分及含量,以及果实质地相关参数,并对载果量与各果实品质指标进行相关分析。【结果】适宜的低载果量下,初果期红桔果肉中蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖和柠檬酸含量不同程度提升;春见果肉中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量提升的同时柠檬酸含量下降、苹果酸含量提升;而红美人在低载果量下果肉中蔗糖含量下降、葡萄糖含量提升的同时苹果酸含量下降,各品种果肉中糖酸比例不同程度发生改变;至采收时,高载果量处理下红桔TSS/TA比值较低载果量降低12.7%;春见和美国糖桔2个品种TSS/TA比值较低载果量分别增加7.3%和7.1%。在红桔上,树体载果量水平与果皮硬度呈极显著相关（P<0.01,下同）,与果皮韧性和果肉有机酸含量呈显著相关（P<0.05,下同）;在胡柚上,载果量与果皮韧性呈极显著相关,与果皮可溶性糖含量呈显著相关;在红美人上,载果量与果皮硬度呈显著相关,与果皮可溶性糖含量呈极显著相关;在春见上,载果量与果皮有机酸含量呈显著相关,与果肉可溶性糖含量呈极显著相关;在美国糖桔上,载果量与果肉硬度呈极显著相关,与果肉韧性呈显著相关;但所有供试品种果肉化渣性指标,即果肉紧实度和囊衣硬度与树体载果量水平均未表现出明显相关性。【结论】初果期红桔、红美人和胡柚3个供试品种在较低载果量下,TSS/TA比值略高、最终采收时综合风味更好,春见和美国糖桔2个品种则在较高载果量下TSS/TA比值略高,综合风味更佳。该结果可为不同品种柑橘控产提质技术的进一步完善提供数据支持和参考。     

真空渗透钙离子和植物激素对灵武长枣贮藏

以生长后期全红灵武长枣为试材,研究了真空渗透Ca2 和植物激素对果实在低温贮藏过程中品质以及硬好果率的影响.试验结果表明:Ca2 和Ca2 植物激素真空渗透显著降低了果实在贮藏过程中维生素C的氧化分解,贮藏结束时(60d)维生素C含量提高了33.1%;处理的硬好果率平均达90.9%,比对照净增加了30.4%,但处理之间没有明显的差异.同时,Ca2 和Ca2 植物激素真空渗透对果肉硬度、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、水溶性总糖含量和可溶性果胶含量没有明显影响.值得注意的是:全红灵武长枣真空渗透Ca2 和Ca2 植物激素后有大约5%的枣果裂口,影响了果实的外观.     

保鲜剂宝特对甜桔贮藏品质的影响

以春甜桔和明柳甜桔果实为材料,研究了经保鲜剂宝特不同浓度处理后果实中的Vc、可滴定酸、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量以及好果率在贮藏期间的变化情况.结果表明,宝特200倍处理比较适宜春甜桔贮藏保鲜,宝特300倍比较适合明柳甜桔贮藏保鲜,保鲜处理后甜桔果实的Vc、可滴定酸、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量能维持在一个合适水平,且好果率较高.     

梨枣果实的两项重要性状及其贮藏保鲜技术研究

比较了不同贮藏温度下梨枣果面转红速率和果实失水率的差异。并采用塑料薄膜包装及保镁剂处理的贮藏方法，比较了保鲜剂TD，TP和TDGNC在常温，10℃和0℃环境中的贮藏效果，结果表明，贮藏温度愈低对保持果实硬度，维持高水平可溶性固形物含量和减少果实腐烂率愈有利，保鲜剂TD和TP对霉菌，斑点病和细菌类病害有显著抑制作用，较对照好果率提高10％左右。     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化(英文)

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage, being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively, the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively, the correlation coef-ficients were -0.973 1** and + 0.974 6** respectively. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, and sucrose increased with jujube ripening, while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern, the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6** , 0.988 0** , and 0.982 8**, respec-tively. Befcre white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation d moncsaccharide was predom/nant in jujube fruits, following a fast accumula-tion of sucrose, indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore, the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity, being 51.54 mg/100 g · FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg·h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg·h) after fruit turning red and before softening, indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

笔者对灵武长枣在采前发育成熟期的果肉硬度、水溶性糖、酸和维生素C、淀粉含量等变化规律以及采后呼吸强度的变化进行研究,旨在为灵武长枣果实发育生理、采后贮藏保鲜、新品种选育和栽培管理提供科学依据。     

早熟欧李新品种‘夏日红’的选育(英文)

‘夏日红’是2006年从自然杂交实生后代中选育而成的早熟型欧李新品种。果实扁圆形,果皮红色,果肉黄色,味酸甜;平均单果质量6.74 g,半离核。果实可溶性固形物含量达10.9%,总糖含量8.20%,总酸含量1.81%,糖酸比4.53,可食率94.51%。果肉含钙219.7 mg/kg,铁4.4 mg/kg,锌1.09 mg/kg,维生素C 182 mg/kg。果实发育期96~101 d,北京地区7月下旬成熟;货架期3~5 d,冷藏20 d左右,冷冻可达1a,果实不失味。适合北京地区栽培,第二年开花结果,丰产性较强。     

气调贮藏对壶瓶枣果实细胞壁和角质层成分及品质的影响

 【目的】研究气调贮藏对壶瓶枣果实细胞壁和角质层成分及其品质的影响,以阐释角质层在果实贮藏保鲜中的作用,并为壶瓶枣采后贮藏保鲜提供依据。【方法】将壶瓶枣果实分别置于低温[(-1±1)℃]和气调[10% O2 +0% CO2,(-1±1)℃]下贮藏,定期取样研究其软化率、硬度、可溶性固形物和滴定酸含量,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱法检测果肉细胞壁和果皮角质层的成分变化。【结果】与普通冷藏相比,在整个贮藏期间气调贮藏能够更好地保持壶瓶枣果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量和滴定酸水平,显著降低软化发生率。此外,气调贮藏能够保持果肉细胞壁物质中高含量的酯化果胶和木质素等酚类物质以及角质层中低含量的长链脂肪类物质。【结论】气调贮藏可能通过调节壶瓶枣果实角质层的代谢、果肉细胞分解代谢和细胞壁代谢等途径来延长贮藏保鲜期。     

北京地区6个鲜食枣品种果实品质分析

【目的】为了系统研究北京地区主栽鲜食枣品种的果实品质,对果实的外观品质和内在营养组分进行综合评价分析。【方法】以6个北京地区主栽鲜食枣品种为试材,用《农作物种质资源鉴定评价技术规范·枣》(NY/T2326-2013)中的方法测定果实外观品质,2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法测定维生素C的含量,蒽酮比色法测定总糖含量,NaOH中和滴定法测定总酸含量,高效液相色谱仪测糖组分和有机酸成分。【结果】6个枣品种的果实品质存在明显差异,果实形状、果皮颜色、果肉颜色、果形指数差异明显。红螺脆枣的果个最大,果实纵径45.15mm,横径29.55mm,单果重最高,单果重18.94g。总糖含量、糖酸比、Vc含量差异明显,蜂蜜罐枣的含糖量最高,总糖含量37.15%,糖酸比最高,糖酸比值464.38。鸡心脆枣和郎家园枣每100g果肉中Vc含量分别为618.43mg和604.36mg。可溶性糖的主要成分是葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖,且均以蔗糖含量最高;有机酸组分有苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸,苹果酸的含量最高。     

减压对冬枣采后生理生化变化的影响

 以冬枣果实为试材 ,研究了减压对枣果贮藏生理生化变化的影响。结果表明 ,减压有效地保持了枣果的硬度和VC 含量 ,降低了果肉中乙醇、乙醛含量和枣果呼吸强度 ,抑制了抗坏血酸氧化酶和乙醇脱氢酶的活性 ,减慢了内源乙烯的释放速率。但是 ,减压对阻止果肉褐变无明显效果。     

柿新品种'黑柿1号'的选育

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