内蒙古东部中晚熟区青贮玉米产量和品质与气象因素的关系

为研究青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)产量和品质与气象因素的关系,于2018—2019年在通辽市农业科学研究院试验基地,以北农青贮368、东科301、京科青贮516及京科968为材料,设置D1(4月24日)、D2(5月1日)、D3(5月8日)和D4(5月15日)4个播期,比较不同播期条件下青贮玉米产量和品质的变化,分析青贮玉米产量和品质形成与气象因素的关系。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,各品种青贮玉米生育期缩短,株高和茎粗均呈增加趋势,绿叶数变化不大,D2播期的穗位较高。各品种在D2播期的平均生物产量最高(35.2～40.2 t·hm^-2)。随着播期推迟,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量呈增加趋势,粗蛋白含量变化不明显,D2播期淀粉含量较高。生育期日照时数(R²=0.381,P=0.031)和吐丝后日照时数(R²=0.507,P=0.003)与干物质产量呈负相关,生育期降雨量(R²=0.591,P<0.001)和吐丝后降雨量(R²=0.367,P=0.03...     

草海流域3种优势树种凋落物叶分解历程中的水文特征

采用凋落物分解网袋法对草海湿地流域森林优势植物青冈（Cyclobalanopsisglauca）、桤木（Alnus cremastogyne）和云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）凋落物叶分解特性展开研究,揭示凋落物叶分解过程中自然持水率、最大持水率、最大拦蓄率、有效拦蓄率及凋落物持水率规律等。结果表明:（1）凋落物叶自然持水率随分解时间的增加呈先增后降趋势。凋落物叶自然持水率在分解历程中存在极显著性差异（青冈:F=213.79,P < 0.01;桤木:F=77.53,P < 0.01;云南松:F=179.12,P < 0.01）。（2）凋落物叶持水率（R_t）与浸水时间（t）呈显著正相关关系（P < 0.05）,回归分析得到凋落物叶持水率（R_t）与浸水时间（t）符合对数函数方程R_t=a+blnt;凋落物叶持水速率（v）与浸水时间（t）呈显著负相关关系（P < 0.05）,持水速率（v）与浸水时间（t）符合幂函数方程v=at^-b。（3）凋落物叶最大拦蓄率、有效拦蓄率随分解时间的推移,呈逐渐增加趋势。     

北京山地不同海拔人工油松林枯落物及其土壤水文效应

本文对北京山地4个海拔梯度（480,540,690,820 m）的人工油松（Pinus Tabuliformis）林枯落物层及土壤层水文效应进行研究,结果表明:枯落物总蓄积量、最大持水量、有效拦蓄能力均随海拔先升高而后减小,最大持水率随海拔升高先减小而后增大,枯落物总储量在10.63～31.42 t/hm²之间,最大持水量在17.27～37.17 t/hm²之间,有效拦蓄能力在6.72 ～28.71 t/hm²之间,最大持水率在164.32%～185.77%之间。枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈明显的对数关系（R > 0.93）,枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显的幂函数关系（R > 0.73）。土壤容重随海拔的升高而增大,变化范围为0.97～1.22 g/cm³,总孔隙度随海拔的升高而减小,土壤层有效持水量随海拔的升高而减小,土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈明显幂函数关系（R > 0.96）。综合分析各项因子,低海拔地区的油松人工林水源涵养能力普遍高于高海拔。     

乌梁素海湿地对营养盐的削减效率及其分区研究

基于乌梁素湖区20个监测点近2 a的监测数据,分析不同介质（水体、植物和底泥）对总氮和总磷的净化过程,构建削减效率指数,核算不同湖区对营养盐的削减效率,通过聚类分析划分削减区。结果显示:水体和植被中N和P营养盐浓度（含量）随着水体流动逐渐扩散降低,而底泥中营养盐分布没有明显规律,浓度最高点出现在距离入水口较远的东南部湖区。N和P营养盐在水体和植物间的分布呈正相关（N,R²=0.665,p < 0.05;P,R²=0.767,P < 0.01）,而营养盐在底泥—水体,底泥—植物间的分布未发现明显的相关性。湖区依照营养盐削减效率可划分为2～4个削减区,不同削减区应采用不同控制手段。本研究可为乌梁素海湖泊水体富营养化控制和管理提供科学依据。     

甘南白龙江上游小流域主要林分地被物层的持水特性分异

在甘南白龙江上游林区内,采用实地踏测和浸水法,对林区内主要的4种不同林分类型（冷杉原始林、云杉、落叶松和华山松人工林）林下地被物持水性能进行了研究分析。结果表明:（1）4种不同类型树种林下地被物的总蓄积量为11.75～28.96 t/hm²,其冷杉林（28.96 t/hm²）>落叶松林（16.17 t/hm²）>华山松林（14.36 t/hm²）>云杉林（11.75 t/hm²）;（2）不同林分类型地被物的持水量、吸水速率与浸泡时间之间的动态变化基本相似,持水量与浸水时间存在对数关系,其吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系。（3）不同树种林下地被物的总有效拦蓄量为21.00～41.99 t/hm²,其中冷杉林最大,其次是落叶松林,最后是华山松林和云杉林;最大拦蓄量、最大持水量、有效拦蓄量和总有效拦蓄深的变化与总有效持水量变化一致。     

北京九龙山自然保护区典型林分枯落物水文效应研究

在北京九龙山自然保护区内选取有代表性的4种林分类型,测定各林分枯落物的蓄积量,采用室内浸泡法对其水文效应进行研究,旨在为该区森林植被枯落物生态水文功能评价提供一定的参考。结果表明:（1）4种林分枯落物层蓄积量大小依次为:黄栌油松混交林（29.65 t/hm²） > 黄栌纯林（22.78 t/hm²） > 黄栌侧柏混交林（16.87 t/hm²） > 侧柏纯林（12.17 t/hm²）;（2）同一浸水时间下黄栌油松混交林的枯落物持水量最大,黄栌纯林、黄栌侧柏混交林次之,侧柏纯林最小,枯落物层的持水量与浸泡时间为对数函数关系,持水量历时过程呈现出迅速吸水、缓慢吸水、逐渐饱和、饱和4个阶段;（3）4种林分枯落物层的吸水速率与浸水时间为幂函数关系,其过程可分为迅速下降、缓慢下降、趋于稳定的3个阶段。     

沿坝地区天然次生林对降雨再分配的影响

为了探究天然次生林对降雨再分配的过程,通过对沿坝地区的北沟林场内天然次生林进行穿透降雨、冠层截留和树干径流3个方面进行监测,结果表明:（1）穿透雨量和林冠截留占林外降雨量的比例比较大,树干径流量的比例则非常小,分别为59.46%,37.33%,3.21%。（2）穿透雨量和林外降雨呈现线性关系（R²=0.980 4）,林冠截留量与林外降雨量也具有明显的幂函数关系（R²=0.823 4）,树干径流与林外降雨量具有明显的线性相关关系（R²=0.909 8）,并且都达到了极显著水平（p < 0.01）。（3）根据穿透雨与林外降雨的方程y=0.8034x-1.7939,当林外降雨量高于2.23 mm时会产生穿透雨;依据林外降雨与树干径流的方程y=0.0552x-0.1981,当林外降雨高于3.58 mm时会产生树干径流;林冠在降雨再分配过程中起到了很重要的作用,形成了二次降雨。     

阴山北麓不同林分类型枯落物层持水性能研究

为了充分了解研究区不同林分类型枯落物的持水能力及对涵养水源和保育土壤的影响,以武川县公益林11种林分类型为研究对象,通过野外观测、室内浸水法对不同林分类型的枯落物蓄积量、最大持水量、最大持水率、吸水速率和有效拦蓄量进行了研究。结果表明:（1）不同林地类型总蓄积量为0.74~5.09 t/hm²,落叶松林蓄积量最大,樟子松林最小。天然林的蓄积量大于人工林,半分解层蓄积量均大于未分解层。（2）各林分类型的持水量存在显著差异（p<0.05）,呈现随时间的变化而先增大后减小的趋势,4 h内持水量变化较大,8 h后持水量变化相对平稳,24 h后各林地枯落物达到最大持水量,落叶松（8.5 t/hm²）最大,樟子松林（0.99 t/hm²）最小。（3）各林地枯落物吸水速率趋势相同,天然林吸水速率较大,其次油松人工林,灌木林吸水速率最差。（4）在各林分类型中,落叶松林蓄积量最大,最大持水量最高,对降水的有效拦蓄量也最好（9.051 t/hm²）;油松、山杏混交林（2.847 t/hm²）次之。综合比较,落叶松等天然林的持水能力最好,油松人工林枯落物的持水能力次之,柠条、山杏灌木林持水能力较弱。     

Nutrient cycling in a Pinus patula plantation in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

The accumulation of litter on the forest floor was identified as a potential problem in managed plantations of Pinus patula (Schlechtd. et Cham.) in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa in the late 1980s. Litter accumulation in pine plantations is regarded as a threat to site productivity as organic acids are released, moisture penetration is altered and nutrients are immobilised within the litter. This study examines the cycling of nutrients in a 42-year-old P. patula stand in which litter has accumulated. Samples of the vegetation, litter and soil components were collected and chemically analysed for total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and the major cations potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). Complete nutrient budgets for N and P, and the cation pool sizes were determined. It was evident from these studies that large reserves of N (1442 kg ha⁻¹) and P (103 kg ha⁻¹) are stored in the litter layers, with levels of cations being low. The presence of large nutrient reserves within the litter and the predominance of fine feeder roots distributed within this layer indicated that a tightly closed plant–litter–plant nutrient cycle was in operation for the cycling of N and P. This may not be true for the major cations. Management of the litter should ensure retention of as many nutrients as possible in the system. This could be achieved through controlled burning to reduce nutrient loss through volatilisation; increasing forest floor temperatures by altering the planting density and application of dolomitic lime to replace cations and to alleviate the acidic conditions making the litter more favourable for decomposing organisms.     

喀斯特地区坡面径流对产沙的影响

贵州省关岭县蚂蝗田小流域属典型喀斯特流域,根据小流域2009—2012年6个坡面径流小区的定位观测资料,研究了乔木林（黄花梨）、灌木林（女贞）、撂荒草地三种不同植被类型下坡面径流对产沙的影响。结果表明:三种植被类型的产流次数相同,但产沙次数存在较大差异,表现为荒草地 > 乔木林 > 灌木林;灌木林与乔木林的年均径流量相差不大,荒草地的年均径流量是它们总和的2倍;荒草地的年均产沙量最大,为55.17 t/km²,是灌木林的11倍,乔木林的6倍;乔木林的产流量与产沙量无明显相关关系;灌木林表现出线性关系,拟合方程为y=0.1707x+0.2526,R²值为0.48;荒草地表现为幂函数关系,拟合方程为y=0.3246x^1.2965,R²值为0.64。     

Influence of long-term tillage, straw and N fertilizer on barley yield, plant-N uptake and soil-N balance

Long-term influence of N fertilizer, tillage and straw on crop production and soil properties are not well known in central Alberta. Field experiments were established in autumn 1979, on a Black Chernozemic soil and on a Gray Luvisolic soil in north-central Alberta to determine the long-term effect of tillage, straw and N fertilizer on yield and N uptake of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Fertilizer N was applied annually at 56 kg ha⁻¹. The 11 year averages of barley yields and N uptake under zero tillage were lower than under conventional tillage. Retention rather than removal of straw tended to reduce barley yield for the initial 6 years and 2 year at Site 1 and Site 2, respectively. A simple mathematical model of average annual plant N uptake and grain yield could account for most of the variation in the data observed at both sites (R² = 0.907; P < 0.01). Final values of soil N, calculated using a mass balance approach, agree closely with values measured at the end of the eleventh year. Conventional tillage and zero tillage, with addition of fertilizer N and retention of straw, were the only treatments with apparent but small net addition of N to soil at Site 1 (40 kg ha⁻¹ and 117 kg ha⁻¹, respectively). At Site 2, only the zero tillage treatment with addition of fertilizer and retention of straw gained soil N (29 kg ha⁻¹). In conclusion, soil ecosystems functioning in subhumid environments with slight to moderate heat limitations such as those in central Alberta can adapt, within a few years, to zero tillage practices with full retention of straw.     

北京松山不同密度丁香天然林枯落物及土壤水文效应

以北京松山5个不同密度（784,1 024,1 210,1 616,1 872株/hm²）的丁香（Syzygium aromaticum）天然林为对象,对其枯落物层及土壤层水文效应进行研究。结果表明:枯落物总蓄积量、最大持水率、最大持水量随丁香天然林密度的升高而增大。枯落物的总储量在13.19～31.66 t/hm²之间;有效拦蓄能力在32.71～79.77 t/hm²之间;枯落物最大持水量在50.76～119.29 t/hm²之间,与浸泡时间呈明显的对数关系（R > 0.86）;枯落物最大持水率为385.72%～507.16%,枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显的幂函数关系（R > 0.99）;同一密度土壤容重随土层深度的增加而增大,总孔隙度随密度的升高先增大后减小。初渗速率在37.50～54.55 mm/min之间,入渗速率与入渗时间存在较好的幂函数关系（R > 0.99）。中密度丁香天然林水源涵养功能较强。     

北京土石山区4种典型林分的水文效应研究

以北京土石山区4种典型林分的林冠层、枯落物层、土壤层3个水文作用层为研究对象,采用浸水法等传统测量方法,测定了不同林分的冠层截留量、树干径流量、穿透降雨量以及土壤和枯落物层的水力学参数,并分析了其水文效应。结果表明:不同林分的林冠截留能力相差较大,其中侧柏—黄栌混交林的冠层截留率最大为29.1%,其余依次为侧柏林、油松纯林和元宝枫纯林,油松纯林的树干径流量占降雨比例最大（5.8%）,其余依次为侧柏—黄栌混交林、元宝枫纯林和侧柏林,各项林冠截留率与大多数在干旱半干旱地区取得结果较为一致。从月份尺度的变化趋势来看,不同林分的截留量均为6月最大,7月、8月、9月、10月和5月依次减小,即截留量与降雨量呈正比关系。4种林分枯落物总蓄积量范围为26.3～246.0 t/hm²,其中油松纯林的枯落物储量显著大于其他林分类型（p < 0.05）,侧柏纯林、侧柏—黄栌混交林、元宝枫纯林依次次之,不同林分枯落物的最大持水量和有效持水量的大小排序与之一致。受土壤的物质构成、机械组成、根系的发育状况等因素影响,侧柏纯林的土壤孔隙度和饱和入渗速率（Ks）依次大于侧柏—黄栌混交林、油松纯林和元宝枫纯林。     

贵阳市不同林龄马尾松林凋落物储量及持水特性

以贵阳市花溪区孟关林场不同林龄马尾松人工林为研究对象,采用时空替代法,选取不同林龄样地依次为林窗（对照）、幼龄林、中龄林、成熟林、过熟林5个样地,通过野外调查和室内分析的方法,对贵阳地区不同林龄马尾松林凋落物的储量及持水特性进行了研究。结果表明:不同林龄马尾松人工林凋落物储量及其持水特性存在显著差异（p < 0.05）,呈现先增后减的趋势,均表现出成熟林最大,幼龄林最小,其中,成熟林凋落物储量、最大持水量、最大持水率、有效拦蓄量分别为:35.29 t/hm²,84.48 t/hm²,239.49%,38.31 t/hm²;幼龄林凋落物储量、最大持水量、最大持水率、有效拦蓄量分别为:10.19 t/hm²,12.33 t/hm²,120.38%,6.71 t/hm²;吸水速率开始0.25 h内最快,表明马尾松凋落物可在短时间发挥截水作用。通过对贵阳市不同林龄马尾松凋落物储量及持水性的对比得到:贵阳市马尾松成熟林具有最佳的生态水文特性。     

伏牛山区陶湾流域径流泥沙模拟误差分析

以豫西伏牛山区陶湾流域为研究对象,利用该流域2006—2007年22次径流、泥沙数据对分布式AnnAGNPS（Annualized AGricultural NonPoint Source）模型进行校准,2008—2009年31次径流、泥沙数据对模型进行验证。选取R²（决定系数）、E（效率系数）、VE（误差比）等统计参量评估流域径流、泥沙、氮、磷物质输出的模拟精度。结果表明:（1）SCS-CN值是径流模拟精度的主要影响因素,校准期内径流VE=-7.7%（R²=0.95,p < 0.05）,验证期内VE=-6.1%（R²=0.90,p < 0.05）,误差值位于可接受的范围之内, < ±15%。径流误差相对较低,径流模拟精度也影响泥沙和氮、磷的模拟精度;（2）泥沙模拟误差影响因素较为复杂,植被覆盖率、曼宁粗糙系数等因素最为敏感,还受流域DEM、土壤、土地利用等空间参数精度的影响。校准期内VE=15.1%（R²=0.55,p < 0.05）,验证期内VE=17.0%（R²=0.60,p < 0.05）,泥沙模拟误差较径流要大。泥沙和径流模拟误差趋势相同,对小型降雨事件,模拟值偏高,大型降雨事件模拟值偏低。（3）氮、磷模拟值具有更大的不确定性,氮VE=22.0%（R²=0.69,p < 0.05）,磷VE=24.0%（R²=0.48,p < 0.05）。AnnAGNPS模型对径流、泥沙、氮、磷模拟均存在有一定的不确定性,模拟误差呈现一定的变化趋势。校准后的AnnAGNPS模型可以用于伏牛山区流域。     

滦河上游不同密度油松林水源涵养功能研究

为了探知不同密度油松林人工林的水源涵养功能高低,选取木兰围场8个密度油松林的枯落物与土壤进行研究,利用水源涵养指数来比较各林分的水源涵养功能的高低,结果表明:（1）枯落物重量与有效拦蓄量变化趋势是随着密度的增加而增大,而枯落物最大持水量处于自身重量的2～4倍,最大持水率在250.61%～310.66%。（2）随着密度的增加土壤的最大持水量、非毛管孔隙度与非毛管蓄水量都是先是增加后减小,而最大持水量在1 800株/hm²达到了最大值为2 868.0 t/hm²;毛管孔隙度、毛管蓄水量与总孔隙度都没有明显的规律可言。（3）随密度的增加油松的水源涵养指数是呈现增加趋势的,其中的最大值是最小值的1.35倍,当密度处于1 500株/hm²时,指数趋于稳定,在1 500～1 800株/hm²时水源涵养指数较高。     

黄土丘陵区阴坡和阳坡优势木本植物叶功能性状比较

通过比较阴坡和阳坡优势种（阴坡:山杨、油松、辽东栎和刺槐;阳坡:荆条、山桃、狼牙刺和黄刺玫）叶功能性状（比叶质量、膨压损失点对应的叶水势、叶碳同位素组成δ¹³C及叶N、P和K含量）的差异,探讨了植物对不同坡向的生存和适应机制。结果表明:（1）阳坡优势种较阴坡优势种具有高的叶δ¹³C,且在旱季具有较高的K含量,表明高水分利用效率和K素累积是阳坡植物适应其生境的重要手段。（2）阳坡优势种间叶性状差异小于阴坡优势种,阳坡植物叶性状表现出明显的趋同性。（3）8种优势植物中,刺槐的比叶质量最小,叶N和P含量最高,叶δ¹³C相对较高,反映了其高光合和高水分利用效率的特性,表明刺槐采取竞争性生存策略。相比之下,油松的比叶质量最大,其叶δ¹³C、N、P和K含量最低,表明油松采取防御性生存策略,其他6种植物介于中间。     

Rhododendron thickets alter N cycling and soil extracellular enzyme activities in southern Appalachian hardwood forests

Rhododendron maximum L., a spreading understory shrub, inhibits overstory regeneration and alters forest community structure in southern Appalachian hardwood forests. Using paired plots and reciprocal litter transplants in forests with and without R. maximum cover, we examined the influence of R. maximum on litter mass and quality, N cycling and soil extracellular enzymes. Standing stocks of soil organic matter, soil N, leaf litter mass and fine root biomass were greater in forests with R. maximum than those without. Tannin extracts from R. maximum foliage, and leaf litter and fine roots collected under R. maximum had a relatively high capacity to precipitate protein compared to extracts from trees. Across the growing season, soil inorganic N availability was generally lower under R. maximum, mostly due to reduced NO₃⁻ availability. Our data suggest that R. maximum litter alters N cycling through the formation of recalcitrant polyphenol–organic N complexes. Soil extracellular enzymes indicate the potential processing rates of organic substrates. Between forest types, polyphenol oxidase activity was greatest in R. maximum O horizons, regardless of litter type, suggesting that the local microbial community can better degrade and access protein–tannin-complexed N. Protease activity did not differ between forest types, but was greater on R. maximum leaf litter than hardwood leaf litter. The alteration of the N cycle via the formation of polyphenol–organic N complexes may contribute to hardwood seedling suppression, while the enzymatic release of these complexes by ericoid mycorrhizal fungi may increase N acquisition for R. maximum and contribute to its expansion in southern Appalachian forests.     

Soil microbial biomass response to woody plant invasion of grassland

Woody plant proliferation in grasslands and savannas has been documented worldwide in recent history. To better understand the consequences of this vegetation change for the C-cycle, we measured soil microbial biomass carbon (C_mic) in remnant grasslands (time 0) and woody plant stands ranging in age from 10 to 130 years in a subtropical ecosystem undergoing succession from grassland to woodlands dominated by N-fixing trees. We also determined the ratio of SMB-C to soil organic carbon (C_mic/C_org) as an indicator of soil organic matter quality or availability, and the metabolic quotient (qCO₂) as a measure of microbial efficiency. Soil organic carbon (C_org) and soil total nitrogen (STN) increased up to 200% in the 0–15 cm depth increment following woody plant invasion of grassland, but changed little at 15–30 cm. C_mic at 0–15 cm increased linearly with time following woody plant encroachment and ranged from 400 mg C kg⁻¹ soil in remnant grasslands up to 600–1000 mg C kg⁻¹ soil in older (>60 years) woody plant stands. C_mic at 15–30 cm also increased linearly with time, ranging from 100 mg C kg⁻¹ soil in remnant grasslands to 400–700 mg C kg⁻¹ soil in older wooded areas. These changes in C_mic in wooded areas were correlated with concurrent changes in stores of C and N in soils, roots, and litter. The C_mic/C_org ratio at 0–15 cm decreased with increasing woody plant stand age from 6% in grasslands to <4% in older woodlands suggesting that woody litter may be less suitable as a microbial substrate compared with grassland litter. In addition, higher qCO₂ values in woodlands (0.8 mg CO₂-C g⁻¹ C_mic h⁻¹) relative to remnant grasslands (0.4 mg CO₂-C g⁻¹ C_mic h⁻¹) indicated that more respiration was required per unit of C_mic in wooded areas than in grasslands. Observed increases in C_org and STN following woody plant encroachment in this ecosystem may be a function of both greater inputs of poor quality C that is relatively resistant to decay, and the decreased ability of soil microbes to decompose this organic matter. We suggest that increases in the size and activity of C_mic following woody plant encroachment may result in: (a) alterations in competitive interactions and successional processes due to changes in nutrient dynamics, (b) enhanced formation and maintenance of soil physical structures that promote C_org sequestration, and/or (c) increased trace gas fluxes that have the potential to influence atmospheric chemistry and the climate system at regional to global scales.     

Short-term changes in nitrogen availability, gas fluxes (CO2, NO, N2O) and microbial biomass after tillage during pasture re-establishment in Rondônia, Brazil

Anthropogenic conversion of primary forest to pasture for cattle production is still frequent in the Amazon Basin. Practices adopted by ranchers to restore productivity to degraded pasture have the potential to alter soil N availability and N gas losses from soils. We examined short-term (35 days) effects of tillage prior to pasture re-establishment on soil N availability, CO₂, NO and N₂O fluxes and microbial biomass C and N under degraded pasture at Nova Vida ranch, Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon. We collected soil samples and measured gas fluxes in tilled and control (non tilled pasture) 12 times at equally spaced intervals during October 2001 to quantify the effect of tillage. Maximum soil NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ pools were 13.2 and 6.3 kg N ha⁻¹ respectively after tillage compared to 0.24 and 6.3 kg N ha⁻¹ in the control. Carbon dioxide flux ranged from 118 to 181 mg C–CO₂ m² h⁻¹ in the control (non-tilled) and from 110 to 235 mg C–CO₂ m² h⁻¹ when tilled. Microbial biomass C varied from 365 to 461 μg g⁻¹ in the control and from 248 to 535 μg g⁻¹ when tilled. The values for N₂O fluxes ranged from 1.22 to 96.9 μg N m⁻² h⁻¹ in the tilled plots with a maximum 3 days after the second tilling. Variability in NO flux in the control and when tilled was consistent with previous measures of NO emissions from pasture at Nova Vida. When tilled, the NO/N₂O ratio remained <1 after the first tilling suggesting that denitrification dominated N cycling. The effects of tilling on microbial parameters were less clear, except for a decrease in qCO₂ and an increase in microbial biomass C/N immediately after tilling. Our results suggest that restoration of degraded pastures with tillage will lead to less C matter, at least initially. Further long-term research is needed.