NaCl胁迫对玉米种子萌发的抑制及外源Ca^2＋的缓解效应

在ＮａＣｌ胁迫下，玉米种子在萌发过程中种子内Ｎａ＾＋含量大量增加，Ｃａ＾＋含量显著减少，种子内α－淀粉酶活性降低，导致玉米种子萌发率降低，萌发期延迟。外加Ｃａ＾２＋ＮａＣｌ胁迫下玉米种子内α－淀粉酶活性升高，并提高种子萌发率。     

糖浸种对盐胁迫玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以耐盐玉米品种伟科702和盐敏感玉米品种蠡玉16为试验材料,在150 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下,采用不同浓度(5、10、15 g·L-1)外源糖(葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、壳聚糖、海藻糖)浸种处理,分析外源糖对玉米种子发芽指标、幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、SOD活性、POD活性和MDA含量的影响.结果表明,外源糖处理后两个...     

盐胁迫对不同油菜种子萌发的影响

为明确5种饲料油菜对新疆盐碱土壤的适应性,研究不同浓度(0、50、100、150、200、250 mmol·L-1)的盐(NaCl)胁迫对华油杂62、饲油2号、福油128、金油杂158、福油158等5个饲料油菜种子萌发、生长指标的影响.结果显示,不同浓度的盐溶液对5种饲料油菜种子发芽的抑制程度不同,随盐溶液浓度的增加,...     

盐胁迫对紫薇种子萌发特性的影响

以江西吉安的紫薇种子为材料,通过对比紫薇种子在不同盐浓度下的各项发芽指标差异,探讨盐胁迫对紫薇种子萌发特性的影响.结果表明,随着盐浓度的升高,紫薇种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、耐盐指数、幼苗根长和幼苗茎长等指标均发生显著或极显著变化,盐浓度对各项发芽指标均有较大的影响,并且随着盐浓度的升高,紫薇种子的各项发芽指标逐渐降低.综合分析表明,在盐浓度为50 mmol/L时,江西吉安紫薇种子的各项发芽指标,如发芽率,发芽指数,耐盐指数,活力指数,幼苗根长和幼苗茎长等均较高,因此可认为,紫薇种子在0～50 mmol/L盐浓度范围内生长较好,江西吉安紫薇种子可耐轻度盐胁迫.     

5-磺基水杨酸对盐胁迫下玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

通过不同浓度的5-磺基水杨酸(5-SA)处理不同浓度的盐胁迫下玉米种子,研究其种子萌发及幼苗生长特点。测定种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗根长及芽长。结果表明,盐胁迫下,加入5-磺基水杨酸能缓解盐分对种子萌发的抑制,随5-SA浓度的增加,发芽率逐渐提高,超过一定浓度以后,又开始降低。盐胁迫下,加入5-磺基水杨酸能缓解盐分对幼苗生长的抑制,随5-SA浓度的增加,根长和芽长逐渐提高,超过一定浓度后,又开始降低。     

水杨酸浸种对盐胁迫下燕麦种子萌发的影响

为研究水杨酸浸种对盐胁迫下燕麦种子萌发的影响,以晋燕1号燕麦种子作为试验材料,研究不同浓度的水杨酸浸种对NaCl胁迫下燕麦种子萌发率、种子α-淀粉酶活性、幼芽含水量和根部指标的影响。研究表明:2.3 g·L^-1 NaCl致使燕麦种子的萌发率、种子α-淀粉酶活性、幼芽含水量和根部指标均有下降,但与对照差异不显著。水杨酸浸种后,低浓度的水杨酸可缓解盐胁迫对燕麦的伤害,促进燕麦种子的萌发及其幼苗的生长,高浓度的水杨酸则抑制燕麦种子的萌发及其幼苗的生长,最佳的水杨酸处理浓度为0.05 mmol·L^-1。     

种子引发对盐胁迫下向日葵种子萌发的影响

将向日葵当中用于食用的品种LD3939当作测试对象,设计了2类种子引发操作,对于LD3939这一品种种子的实际发芽率、发芽指数以及发芽势等趋势进行观察,深入研究种子引发对处于盐胁迫环境当中的种子萌芽造成的影响。     

盐胁迫对4种豆科植物种子萌发特征的影响

用盆栽实验,研究山黧豆、大豆、豇豆、豌豆在不同浓度NaCl胁迫下的萌发特性.结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增大,种子萌发受到的抑制作用明显增强,表现在种子发芽率、发芽指数逐渐降低,山黧豆＞大豆＞豌豆＞豇豆;胚根长度逐渐降低,其中大豆最长,豇豆最短;胚根相对长度逐渐降低,其中山黧豆最大,豇豆最小;MDA含量逐渐增加,大豆＜豌豆＜山黧豆＜豇豆;相对盐害率逐渐增加,山黧豆＜大豆＜豌豆＜豇豆.     

盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对小叶茼蒿种子萌发的影响

通过纸上培养法,研究了盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对小叶茼蒿种子(Chrysanthemum coronarium L.)萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,种子的发芽率和发芽势随盐胁迫和干旱胁迫程度增加而降低;3种钠盐对种子胁迫强弱为:NaCl>NaHCO3>Na2CO3;低浓度的NaCl溶液可提高幼苗的鲜重。干旱胁迫程度较高时推迟种子起始发芽时间,程度较低时可提高种子的抗旱性和幼苗的鲜重。     

褪黑素与2,4-表油菜素内酯浸种对盐胁迫下荞麦发芽与幼苗生长的促进效应

土壤盐渍化是影响农作物种子萌发出苗以及生长发育的重要限制因素,探究外源激素对盐胁迫条件下荞麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的缓解作用具有重要意义。本试验以荞麦品种西农9976为材料,采用培养皿萌发和盆栽发芽2种方法,研究褪黑素(MT)与2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)浸种对不同盐浓度胁迫下荞麦种子萌发、幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫增加了荞麦种子和幼苗叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量和抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,降低了荞麦种子发芽势、发芽率和成苗率,使荞麦种子胚芽长度、胚根长度和幼苗高度显著下降。MT、EBR浸种荞麦种子可有效缓解盐胁迫危害,使荞麦种子发芽势、发芽率和成苗率较对照分别增加14.9%～33.3%、11.5%～27.3%和20.0%～46.2%,显著提高荞麦种子胚根长度、胚芽长度、胚芽鲜重和干重、幼苗高度、幼苗鲜重和干重,并显著增加荞麦种子和幼苗叶片中可溶性糖含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性,降低MDA含量。综上所述, MT和EBR浸种均能通过提高荞麦种子保护酶活性、减少活性氧积累、增加渗透调节物质含量,促进盐胁迫条件下荞麦种子发芽及幼苗生...     

纳米碳对玉米种子萌发及根系形态的影响

为了探究纳米碳对作物生长的影响,以玉米品种——‘东农253’为试材,设置不同浓度梯度的纳米碳,采用培养皿滤纸法和琼脂培养法,研究纳米碳对玉米种子萌发和根系形态的影响。结果表明,在萌发试验中,随着纳米碳浓度的增大,玉米种子的萌发率逐渐增大,在种子吸涨36~60 h时与对照处理差异显著,其吸水率、胚根、胚芽鲜重及平均胚根、胚芽长度均逐渐增大,并在66 mg/L时达到最大值,分别比对照增加11.89%、20.53%、13.90%、19.62%、20.85%,高于此浓度则呈现抑制现象;在对玉米根系形态的观察试验中,随着纳米碳浓度的增大,植株鲜重、根系鲜重、主胚根长、单位主胚根上侧根数量均显著增加,分别高于对照8.39%、9.24%、24.14%、10.59%。因此,在一定浓度范围内,纳米碳可促进种子的萌发及根系的生长。     

盐胁迫对海岛棉种子萌发的影响

研究不同浓度盐胁迫对海岛棉种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:两个供试品种新海21号和新海23号均表现为:①低浓度的NaCl(≤25mmol/L)对海岛棉种子发芽抑制作用较小或无影响,而高浓度的NaCl(≥50mmol/L)则表现出强烈的抑制作用;②无论盐浓度高低,都对海岛棉的幼苗生长产生抑制作用,当NaCl≥125mmol/L时,幼苗的根、茎、叶、根冠比和总干重均显著低于对照;③两个供试品种,新海23号较新海21号耐盐。     

Quantitative trait loci controlling rice seed germination under salt stress

Salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the seed germination stage is one of the major determinants for the stable stand establishment in salinity soil. One population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs, F_2:9), derived from a cross between a japonica rice landrace tolerant to salt stress and a sensitive indica rice variety, was used to determine the germination traits including imbibition rate and germination percentage under control (water) and salt stress (100 mM NaCl) for 10 days at 30 °C. The multiple interval mapping (MIM) were applied to conduct QTL for the traits. The results showed that seed germination was a quantitative trait controlled by several genes, and strongly affected by salt stress. A total of 16 QTLs were detected in this study, and each QTL could explain 4.6–43.7% of the total phenotypic variance. The expression of these QTLs might be developmentally regulated and growth stage-specific. In addition, only one digenic interaction was detected under salt stress, showing small effect on germination percentage with R² 2.7%. Among sixteen QTLs detected in this study, four were major QTLs with R² > 30%, and some novel alleles of salt tolerance genes in rice. The results demonstrated that the japonica rice Jiucaiqing is a good source of gene(s) for salt tolerance and the major or minor QTLs identified could be used to improve the salt tolerance by marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice.     

NaCl胁迫对秦艽种子萌发的影响

研究了不同浓度NaC1溶液对秦艽种子萌发的影响.结果表明:高浓度NaC1对秦艽种子的萌发有明显的抑制作用,种子的发芽率与盐浓度之间呈显著的负相关.低浓度NaC1(≤50mmol/L) 进种子萌发,高浓度的NaC1(≥150mmol/L)抑制种子萌发:种子萌发时盐胁迫的适宜值、临界值、极限值分别是51.14、160.46、204.26mmol/L.     

Comparison of QTLs for seed germination under non-stress, cold stress and salt stress in tomato

The purpose of this study was to examine whether rate of tomato seed germination under non-stress, cold-stress and salt-stress conditions was under similar genetic control by identifying and comparing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which affect germination rate under these conditions. A fast-germinating accession (LA722) of the wild tomato species Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl. and a slow-germinating cultivar (NC84173, maternal and recurrent parent) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were hybridized and BC₁ and BC₁S₁ progeny produced. The BC₁ population was used to construct a linkage map with 151 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. The BC₁S₁ population (consisting of 119 BC₁S₁ families) was evaluated for germination under non-stress (control), cold-stress and salt-stress conditions and the mean time to 50% germination (T50) in each treatment was determined. Germination analyses indicated the presence of significant (P < 0.01) phenotypic correlations between T50 under control and cold stress (r = 0.71), control and salt stress (r = 0.58) and cold stress and salt stress (r = 0.67). The QTL analysis indicated the presence of genetic relationships between germination under these three conditions: a few QTLs were identified which commonly affected germination under both stress- (cold-, salt- or both) and non-stress conditions, and thus were called stress-nonspecific QTLs. A few QTLs were also identified which affected germination only under cold or salt stress and thus were called stress-specific QTLs. However, the stress-nonspecific QTLs generally exhibited larger individual effects and together accounted for a greater portion of the total phenotypic variation under each condition than the stress-specific QTLs. Whether the effects of stress-nonspecific QTLs were due to pleiotropic effects of the same genes, physical linkage of different genes, or a combination of both could not be determined in this study. The results, however, indicate that the rate of tomato seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions is partly under the same genetic control.     

盐胁迫对4种禾本科牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

通过NaCl溶液(0、1.5、3.0、6.0、9.0g/L)处理4种禾本科牧草种子,测定了种子萌发和幼苗生长有关指标。结果表明：美洲狼尾草较耐盐,在9.0g/L盐溶液处理下比其它品种维持了高的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,并且其相对值高,以及较高的相对苗长和根长,盐处理显著提高几种牧草幼苗质膜相对透性,总体上降低胚乳的利用速度和利用效率。     

3种标准发芽试验方法对玉米种子发芽的影响

以郑单958种子为材料,在种子发芽期间采取补水和干旱2种水分管理模式,对国内外广泛采用的BP-纸间法、S-沙床法和先锋BP-纸间法3种发芽试验方法检测结果的准确性、操作过程的标准化及幼苗形态指标进行了分析比较。结果表明：在相同温度下,水分是影响种子发芽试验结果的关键性因素,国内普遍采用的BP-纸间法和S-沙床法,在补水处理下发芽率为93%和92%,变异系数为2.82%和5.82%;在干旱处理下,发芽率较低,分别为92%和89%,且重复间差异较大,变异系数为4.71%和6.43%;先锋BP-纸间法发芽率为96%,重复间差异较小,变异系数仅为1.00%;3种试验方法在不同处理下,幼苗苗长、根长及鲜重差异均极显著。认为,先锋BP-纸间法操作标准化、管理规范,是一种快捷、准确、值得推广的玉米发芽试验方法。     

抗低温处理对玉米种子萌发特性的影响

用SA、SG、SN、NG4种处理荆处理玉米种子．在不同程度低温条件下培养．研究抗低温处理后的玉米种子萌发的变化和差异。结果表明,各处理的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数等指标在低温条件下较对照（蒸馏水浸种）都有不同程度的提高。在10～16℃条件下。SG和NG处理可以大幅度提高玉米种子的萌发指标．其中对发芽率的影响最为明显．提高幅度最高达1．58倍,达极显著水平。认为．SG和NG处理可以提高玉米对低温的忍耐力．具有促使玉米种子在低温条件下早生快发的作用。     

浸种处理对超甜玉米种子发芽率的影响

超甜玉米又称蔬菜玉米 ,因其味道鲜美 ,富含营养成分 ,种植效益高 ,深受广大种植者和消费者的欢迎。超甜玉米是携带有胚乳突变基因 sh2( shunken-2 )的玉米突变型 ,该基因抑制了籽粒淀粉的合成 ,使含糖量大大提高 ,适宜采收期延长 ;而由于淀粉积累减少 ,使得胚乳皱缩 ,粒重降低