Human acid phosphatase in somatic cell hybrids

The human enzyme, lysosomal acid phosphatase ACP2, is expressed in nan-rodent somatic cell hybrids as a dimeric molecule. The human-rodent heteropolymer, as well as the human and rodent homopolymer, is associated with lysosomes in these cells. The genes specifying lysosomal acid phosphatase ACP(2) and LDH A are syntenic.     

Global identification of human transcribed sequences with genome tiling arrays

Elucidating the transcribed regions of the genome constitutes a fundamental aspect of human biology, yet this remains an outstanding problem. To comprehensively identify coding sequences, we constructed a series of high-density oligonucleotide tiling arrays representing sense and antisense strands of the entire nonrepetitive sequence of the human genome. Transcribed sequences were located across the genome via hybridization to complementary DNA samples, reverse-transcribed from polyadenylated RNA obtained from human liver tissue. In addition to identifying many known and predicted genes, we found 10,595 transcribed sequences not detected by other methods. A large fraction of these are located in intergenic regions distal from previously annotated genes and exhibit significant homology to other mammalian proteins.     

Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells

Somatic cell nuclear transfer allows trans-acting factors present in the mammalian oocyte to reprogram somatic cell nuclei to an undifferentiated state. We show that four factors (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28) are sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells that exhibit the essential characteristics of embryonic stem (ES) cells. These induced pluripotent human stem cells have normal karyotypes, express telomerase activity, express cell surface markers and genes that characterize human ES cells, and maintain the developmental potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Such induced pluripotent human cell lines should be useful in the production of new disease models and in drug development, as well as for applications in transplantation medicine, once technical limitations (for example, mutation through viral integration) are eliminated.     

Human-mouse somatic cell hybrids with single human chromosome (group E): link with thymidine kinase activity

Mouse somatic cells lacking thymidine kinase were mixed in culture with human diploid cells lacking hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, and hybrid cells were isolated and maintained in a selective medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine. The hybrid cells at the time of isolation had karyotypes consisting predominantly of mouse chromosomes but with one human chromosome, a submetacentric member of group E, apparently giving thymidine kinase to the hybrid cell. However, after long-term propagation in the selective medium this chromosome has been lost, although cells continue to show thymidine kinase activity as demonstrated by the incorporation of (3)H-thy-midine into DNA in the hybrid cell. The hybrid cells have only mouse electro-phoretic variants for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase, suggesting that the human genetic loci for these enzymes are not represented in the hybrid genome and may be unlinked to that for thymidine kinase.     

Isolation of human oncogene sequences (v-fes homolog) from a cosmid library

To define the human homolog (or homologs) of transforming sequences (v-fes gene) common to Gardner (GA) and Snyder Theilen (ST) isolates of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV), a representative library of human lung carcinoma DNA in a cosmid vector system was constructed. Three cosmid clones were isolated containing GA/ST FeSV v-fes homologous cellular sequences, within 32- to 42-kilobase cellular inserts representing 56 kilobases of contiguous human cellular DNA. Sequences both homologous to, and colinear with, GA or ST FeSV v-fes are distributed discontinuously over a region of up to 9.5 kilobases and contain a minimum of three regions of nonhomology representing probable introns. A thymidine kinase selection system was used to show that, upon transfection to RAT-2 cells, the human c-fes sequence lacked detectable transforming activity.     

Epstein-Barr virus: detection of genome in somatic cell hybrids of Burkitt lymphoblastoid cells

Somatic cell hybrids of Burkitt lymphoblastoid cells, from which Epstein-Barr virus can be recovered, were examined for the presence of virus DNA by DNA-RNA hybridization. Four clones of hybrid cells, each negative for virus antigens by immunofluorescence, contained virus DNA in varying genomic equivalents. The number of virus genome equivalents increased in the hybrid cells after induction of virus with iododeoxyuridine.     

The fragile X site in somatic cell hybrids: an approach for molecular cloning of fragile sites

Fragile X syndrome is a common form of mental retardation associated with a fragile site on the human X chromosome. Although fragility at this site is usually evident as a nonstaining chromatid gap, it remains unclear whether or not actual chromosomal breakage occurs. By means of somatic cell hybrids containing either a normal human X or a fragile X chromosome and utilizing two genes that flank the fragile site as markers of chromosome integrity, segregation of these markers was shown to be more frequent if they encompass the fragile site under appropriate culture conditions. Hybrid cells that reveal marker segregation were found to contain rearranged X chromosomes involving the region at or near the fragile site, thus demonstrating true chromosomal breakage within this area. Two independent translocation chromosomes were identified involving a rodent chromosome joined to the human X at the location of the fragile site. DNA analysis of closely linked, flanking loci was consistent with the position of the breakpoint being at or very near the fragile X site. Fragility at the translocation junctions was observed in both hybrids, but at significantly lower frequencies than that seen in the intact X of the parental hybrid. This observation suggests that the human portion of the junctional DNA may contain part of a repeated fragility sequence. Since the translocation junctions join heterologous DNA, the molecular cloning of the fragile X sequence should now be possible.     

油菜和新疆野芥体细胞杂种后代的菌核病抗性鉴定

菌核病是我国油菜的主要病害,发病严重年份可以造成10%以上的产量损失.寻找菌核病抗源、选育抗病品种一直是油菜育种的重要课题.新疆野芥分布于我国西北部新疆地区,具有较好的抗真菌性病害能力.利用离体叶接种、牙签法侵染和大田自然鉴定等方法,对新疆野芥与甘蓝型油菜的体细胞杂种后代衍生株系进行了抗菌核病鉴定试验.结果表明,体细胞杂种后代的抗病性高于对照品种中油821、中双4号和中双9号.并通过测定PAL,POD和PPO活性的变化来研究抗病材料的抗性机理.     

利用体细胞核移植技术生产优秀种公猪

为探讨体细胞核移植技术用于种公猪的实际生产,复制优秀种公猪的可行性,精选优秀种公猪作为供体,取其耳组织成纤维细胞作核供体,体外成熟的猪卵母细胞为核受体构建克隆胚胎,胚胎体外培养后进行移植。试验先后移植了3 437枚1～4细胞期克隆胚胎到18头受体母猪的输卵管内,28d经B超检测,有16头受体母猪妊娠(88.89%),11头妊娠足月(68.75%)分娩产下53头仔猪,体细胞克隆猪的生产效率为2.80%(出生仔猪/移植胚胎)。早期生长性状测定结果显示,0和7d时克隆猪的体质量和体尺与普通公猪无显著差异(P>0.05)。利用体细胞核移植技术生产克隆种公猪,可以延伸种公猪的利用时间和空间,放大优秀种猪的利用价值。     

柑橘体细胞胞质遗传及叶绿体SSR引物开发

以38个组合的柑橘体细胞杂种(或胞质杂种)为试验材料,综合应用RFLP、CAPS和cpSSR分子标记技术,对这些杂种的线粒体和叶绿体遗传组成进行了分析;同时对试验技术体系进行了完善与拓展,开发了柑橘叶绿体SSR标记;并对柑橘愈伤组织长期继代保存过程中胞质基因组遗传变异进行了分析,主要结果如下:     

Disease resistance: incorporation into sexually incompatible somatic hybrids of the genus Nicotiana

Somatic hybrid plants of Nicotiana nesophila and N. stocktonii with N. tabacum (cultivated tobacco) were produced by protoplast fusion. These combinations cannot be achieved with conventional sexual hybridization, yet are important in that the wild Nicotiana species are resistant to numerous diseases. Hybridity was verified by chromosome number, isoenzyme analysis, morphological characteristics, and genetic behavior. Local lesion-type resistance to tobacco mosaic virus has been observed in leaves of these somatic hybrid plants.     

哺乳动物体细胞克隆胚胎端粒酶活性的研究进展

端粒酶(telom erase)是一种蛋白质与RNA组成的核糖核蛋白,是目前发现的唯一能够延长端粒的一种RNA依赖性DNA聚合酶。在DNA复制过程中丢失的端粒可以被有活性的端粒酶修复回来。哺乳动物端粒酶在发育中受调控,端粒的重编程可能是由于早期胚胎不同时期的端粒酶活性而造成的,因此,研究端粒和端粒酶重编程将为哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术奠定重要的理论基础。本文综述了端粒和端粒酶的结构和功能,及其与哺乳动物体细胞克隆早期胚胎发育的关系,并在此基础上探讨了端粒酶在体细胞克隆动物胚胎发育中的重要作用。     

黑麦特异DNA重复序列的分离与鉴定

为了找到黑麦特异的DNA重复序列，我们采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）标记对黑麦、小麦及其他麦类植物材料分析发现引物OPH20在所有黑麦中扩增出特异的两条带。将这两条带DNA回收克隆测序，得到两序列的长度分别为1495bp、1147bp，分别命名为pSc20H．1、pSc20H．2。序列比对发现pSc20H．1的序列与已报道的序列pSc20n（GenBank编号AF305943）一致达到97％。没有与pSc20H．2高度一致的同源序列。荧光原位杂交结果显示pSc20H．1分布黑麦所有染色体的除端部和核仁组织区域的所有部位。pSc20H．2也分布在黑麦所有染色体上，但分布区域不同于pSC20H．1。证明了pSc20H．2是黑麦新的特异DNA序列，并可用于检测小麦背景中的黑麦染色体成分。     

Isolation of agronomically useful mutants from plant cell cultures

Enormous genetic variability is accumulated by plant cells proliferating in culture. Additional variability can be induced in cultured cell populations by exposure to mutagens. This pool of genetic diversity can be examined for agronomically desirable traits at two levels of differentiation. Populations of plants regenerated from callus cultures can be screened by conventional methods. Alternatively, selective culture conditions favoring growth of specific mutant types can be applied at the cellular level. The several characteristics that have been introduced by these methods to date are a harbinger of future contributions to be made by cell culture to the genetic improvement of crops.     

一株来源于人体的双歧杆菌的分离与鉴定

文章从人体粪便中分离出一株革兰氏阳性专性厌氧的杆菌B001,根据16S rDNA序列分析结果,其与两歧双歧杆菌亚种S83624的同源性高达99.9%,结合糖发酵试验以及菌体形态学特征,将菌株B001鉴定为两歧双歧杆菌。     

An in vivo model of somatic cell gene therapy for human severe combined immunodeficiency.

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) results in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a candidate genetic disorder for somatic cell gene therapy. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients affected by ADA- SCID were transduced with a retroviral vector for human ADA and injected into immunodeficient mice. Long-term survival of vector-transduced human cells was demonstrated in recipient animals. Expression of vector-derived ADA restored immune functions, as indicated by the presence in reconstituted animals of human immunoglobulin and antigen-specific T cells. Retroviral vector gene transfer, therefore, is necessary and sufficient for development of specific immune functions in vivo and has therapeutic potential to correct this lethal immunodeficiency.     

贮藏苹果中展青霉素产生菌的分离及其ITS序列分析鉴定

【目的】分离贮藏苹果中的展青霉素产生菌,并对其ITS序列进行分析鉴定。【方法】从贮藏库中苹果上分离展青霉素产生菌,采用真菌ITS区特异性引物对其ITS区进行PCR扩增测序,将分离菌ITS区序列与GenBank中的核酸数据库进行比对分析,确定展青霉素产生菌的生物学分类,并对其亲缘关系进行系统发育分析。【结果】共分离得到10株展青霉素产生菌,其中1号和8号菌株属曲霉属,其他8株属青霉属。在系统发育关系上,1号和8号菌为一个类群,其他8株菌属于一个类群。【结论】贮藏苹果中分离得到的10株展青霉素产生菌为青霉属或曲霉属菌株,它们之间存在着不同程度的亲缘关系。     

Landscape of somatic retrotransposition in human cancers

Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant in the human genome, and some are capable of generating new insertions through RNA intermediates. In cancer, the disruption of cellular mechanisms that normally suppress TE activity may facilitate mutagenic retrotranspositions. We performed single-nucleotide resolution analysis of TE insertions in 43 high-coverage whole-genome sequencing data sets from five cancer types. We identified 194 high-confidence somatic TE insertions, as well as thousands of polymorphic TE insertions in matched normal genomes. Somatic insertions were present in epithelial tumors but not in blood or brain cancers. Somatic L1 insertions tend to occur in genes that are commonly mutated in cancer, disrupt the expression of the target genes, and are biased toward regions of cancer-specific DNA hypomethylation, highlighting their potential impact in tumorigenesis.     

双峰驼黄体细胞的分离与培养

为了探索双峰驼黄体细胞的percoll液分离及体外培养方法,观察黄体细胞的生物学特性,采用胶原酶消化法从双峰驼黄体组织中分离并获得妊娠期双峰驼黄体细胞,通过形态学观察确定了大小黄体细胞的生长特性.结果表明:胶原酶消化可获得数量较多,生长状态良好的双峰驼黄体细胞,而小黄体细胞的数量远远多于大黄体细胞,其形态学和生物学特性具有典型类固醇分泌细胞的特征.试验建立的体外双峰驼黄体细胞原代培养的方法,所获细胞生物学特征稳定,纯度较高,适用于体外试验研究.