饲料中添加玉米蛋白粉或鸡肉粉替代部分鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹生长性能的影响

本试验旨在饲料中添加玉米蛋白粉或鸡肉粉替代部分鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹生长性能的影响,以确定卵形鲳鲹饲料中鸡肉粉、玉米蛋白粉的适宜添加量。玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉试验:在饲料中添加不同水平[0(对照)、6.4%、11.8%、17.3%、22.7%、28.1%]的玉米蛋白粉,分别替代0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的试验饲料,饲喂初始平均体重为(101.70±0.22)g的卵形鲳鲹12周。每种试验饲料投喂4个网箱,每个网箱投放80尾卵形鲳鲹。鸡肉粉替代鱼粉试验:在饲料中添加不同水平[0(对照)、5.2%、10.4%、15.6%、20.8%、26.0%]的鸡肉粉,分别替代0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的试验饲料,饲喂初始平均体重为(101.03±0.59)g的卵形鲳鲹12周。每种试验饲料投喂4个网箱,每个网箱投放80尾卵形鲳鲹。结果显示:随着玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉比例的升高,卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率和能量沉积率均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而饲料系数与摄食率则呈先下降后上升的趋势。与对照组相比,饲料中添加11.8%~17.3%的玉米蛋白粉显著提高了卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率(P<0.05),但饲料中添加28.1%的玉米蛋白粉则显著降低了卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率、能量沉积率(P<0.05),同时还显著提高了饲料系数和摄食率(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料中添加5.2%~20.8%的鸡肉粉对卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率等生长性能指标均未产生显著影响(P>0.05),而添加26.0%的鸡肉粉则显著降低了增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率、能量沉积率(P<0.05),并显著提高了饲料系数(P<0.05)。综上可知,玉米蛋白粉和鸡肉粉可以替代饲料中部分鱼粉而不会对卵形鲳鲹的生长产生负面影响。基于特定生长率和饲料系数,通过函数模型计算得出卵形鲳鲹饲料中玉米蛋白粉的适宜添加量为10.91%~10.96%,鸡肉粉的适宜添加量为20.80%~21.25%。     

饲料维生素E添加水平对团头鲂生长性能及血液和肌肉理化指标的影响

为了探讨饲料维生素E添加水平对团头鲂生长性能及血液和肌肉理化指标的影响,本试验挑选360尾健康、平均体重为(45.00±1.50)g的团头鲂,随机分为6组(每组4个重复,每个重复15尾),分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg维生素E的等氮等能试验饲料,试验期为90 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组的增重率和特定生长率均显著提高(P<0.05);25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组的摄食率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性以及甘油三酯含量均显著降低(P<0.05);12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中总胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05);12.5、25.0、50.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05);100.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组肌肉中粗蛋白质含量显著增加(P<0.05);12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组肌肉的熟肉率显著提高(P<0.05);25.0、50.0和100.0 mg/kg添加组肌肉的滴水损失率显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲料中添加25.0～200.0 mg/kg维生素E可在一定程度上促进团头鲂生长,改善肉质。以增重率为评价指标,经回归方程预测团头鲂饲料中维生素E的适宜添加水平为138.5 mg/kg。     

团头鲂饲料中卵磷脂需求量的研究

试验旨在通过半精制饲料中添加不同梯度大豆卵磷脂,研究其对团头鲂生长性能、体脂含量以及血清生化指标的影响,以确定饲料中卵磷脂的最适需求量。选用初重为(70.5±1.4)g的团头鲂480尾,随机分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾,分别投喂卵磷脂含量为1.48(1组,对照组)、3.12(2组)、5.79(3组)、8.35(4组)、10.03(5组)、13.13 g/kg(6组)的饲料,养殖周期40 d。研究表明:1随着卵磷脂含量的升高,6组的特定生长率显著高于对照组(P0.05);与对照组相比,3组、6组末重分别增加了9.61%(P0.05)和10.76%(P0.05);添加大豆卵磷脂组的脂肪沉积率显著高于对照组(P0.05),但对成活率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、蛋白沉积率、肥满度、肝脏指数均无显著性差异(P0.05)。2与对照组相比,试验组体脂含量均显著升高(P0.05),添加水平在5.79 g/kg以上时肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);但肝脏的粗脂肪含量(除了4组)显著低于对照组(P0.05);添加大豆卵磷脂组的团头鲂腹腔脂肪显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3随着大豆卵磷脂添加水平的增加,团头鲂血清中胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白指标呈上升趋势。以饲料系数以及特定生长率为评价指标,经折线模型回归分析得到,团头鲂获得最佳生长性能时对饲料卵磷脂需求量为0.024~0.025 g/(100 g体重·d)。     

吡啶甲酸铬对吉富罗非鱼生长、饲料利用和非特异性免疫功能的影响

本试验研究饲料不同水平吡啶甲酸铬对其生长、饲料利用,体成分、血液生化指标和非特异性免疫功能的影响。600尾吉富罗非鱼分为5个处理组,每个处理各设4个重复,每重复30尾鱼。每个处理铬添加量分别为0、0.4、0.8、1.2 mg/kg和10.0 mg/kg,在0.38 m3玻璃纤维钢桶中用开放式流水养殖,饲养8周。结果表明,饲料中添加吡啶甲酸铬对吉富罗非鱼的增重率、特异生长率、饲料系数、蛋白效率及蛋白质沉积率均有显著影响(P<0.05)。当铬添加量为0～0.8 mg/kg时,随着添加量增加,可显著提高吉富罗非鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率(P<0.05),显著降低饲料系数(P<0.05),但对成活率和肝体比无显著影响(P>0.05);当饲料中添加为1.2 mg/kg～10.0 mg/kg时并未能进一步提高罗非鱼的生长和饲料利用。同时,铬添加水平为0～0.8 mg/kg,随着添加水平增加,显著提高吉富罗非鱼全鱼的蛋白质和磷含量(P<0.05),显著降低全鱼水分、脂肪和灰分含量(P<0.05),并显著提高吉富罗非鱼血清总蛋白含量以及肝胰脏AKP、ACP和LZM的活性(P<0.05),显著降低血清葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),但对血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量及肝胰脏T-SOD活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。当饲料中添加铬1.2 mg/kg和10.0 mg/kg,除了显著降低肝胰脏AKP活性外(P<0.05),对血清生化指标和肝胰脏非特异性免疫酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合生长、饲料利用、体组成成分、血液生化指标和肝胰脏非特异性免疫酶活性的影响结果表明,对于0.91～4.93 g吉富罗非鱼,饲料中以吡啶甲酸铬的形式添加0.8～1.2 mg/kg铬为宜。     

棉子糖对草鱼生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

为了研究棉子糖对草鱼生长和血清生化指标的影响,选取初均重(69.51±6.29)g的草鱼288尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复16尾鱼.对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别饲喂含200、400、800、1200和2000 mg/kg棉子糖的试验饲料,试验期为70 d.结果显示:与对照组相比,1)添加棉子糖能够提高草鱼的特定生长率,降低饲料系数,其中1200 mg/kg组与其余各组差异显著(P<0.05);2)各试验组蛋白质沉积率均有所提高,但无显著差异(P>0.05);脂肪沉积率除400 mg/kg组外,其余各试验组均显著升高(P<0.05);尤以1200 mg/kg组的蛋白质沉积率和脂肪沉积率最高;3)各试验组血清甘油三酯含量显著升高(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白含量均显著降低(P<0.05).由此得出:1)棉子糖能够提高草鱼对饲料的吸收利用,增强鱼体对脂肪的吸收并节约蛋白质,从而促进草鱼生长;2)棉子糖可以明显的起到调节草鱼脂质代谢的作用.     

那西肽对池塘养殖南美白对虾生长性能的研究

试验设1个空白对照组、2个那西肽试验组(添加量2和3mg/kg)和1个黄霉素对照组(添加量20mg/kg),研究那西肽对在池塘养殖条件下的南美白对虾生长性能、存活率、特定生长率和饲料利用的影响。试验期为45d。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,饲料中添加那西肽(2和3mg/kg)和黄霉素(20mg/kg)能显著提高南美白对虾的生长(P<0.05),降低饵料系数(P<0.05);与黄霉素相比,饲料中添加2mg/kg那西肽能显著提高南美白对虾的生长(P<0.05),降低饵料系数(P<0.05),添加3mg/kg那西肽对南美白对虾的生长和饵料系数影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加那西肽和黄霉素后对南美白对虾成活率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。以生长和饲料利用率为指标,在南美白对虾饲料中那西肽的适宜添加量为2mg/kg。     

饲料维生素E添加水平对团头鲂生长性能及血液和肌肉理化指标的影响

为了探讨饲料维生素E添加水平对团头鲂生长性能及血液和肌肉理化指标的影响,本试验挑选360尾健康、平均体重为(45.00±1.50)g的团头鲂,随机分为6组(每组4个重复,每个重复15尾),分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg维生素E的等氮等能试验饲料,试验期为90 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组的增重率和特定生长率均显著提高(P＜0.05);25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组的摄食率显著提高(P＜0.05).2)与对照组相比,12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0mg/kg添加组血浆中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性以及甘油三酯含量均显著降低(P ＜0.05);12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中总胆固醇含量显著降低(P ＜0.05);12.5、25.0、50.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著降低(P＜0.05);100.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加(P＜0.05).3)与对照组相比,25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组肌肉中粗蛋白质含量显著增加(P＜0.05);12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组肌肉的熟肉率显著提高(P＜0.05);25.0、50.0和100.0 mg/kg添加组肌肉的滴水损失率显著降低(P＜0.05).由此可知,饲料中添加25.0 ～200.0mg/kg维生素E可在一定程度上促进团头鲂生长,改善肉质.以增重率为评价指标,经回归方程预测团头鲂饲料中维生素E的适宜添加水平为138.5mg/kg.     

抗菌肽对建鲤生长性能和脏体指数及肌肉成分的影响

试验旨在研究抗菌肽对建鲤鱼种生长性能、脏体指数及肌肉营养成分的影响。试验选用鲤鱼鱼种300尾,随机分成5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复放养20尾。在基础饲料中分别添加0、100、200、400、600 mg/kg的抗菌肽,饲喂60 d。测定末均重、增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、肥满度、脏体指数和肌肉营养成分等指标。结果表明:建鲤鱼种配合饲料中抗菌肽的添加浓度为100、200、400 mg/kg时末均重和特定生长率均显著高于对照组组(P0.05),添加浓度为400 mg/kg时增重率显著高于对照组(P0.05);饲料系数显著低于对照组和600 mg/kg组(P0.05);肥满度随着抗菌肽添加浓度的增加呈现先升高后下降的趋势,且各组之间差异不显著;400、600 mg/kg抗菌肽组肾脏体指数显著低于于对照组(P0.05);400 mg/kg抗菌肽组肌肉中粗蛋白、钙含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),600 mg/kg组肌肉中钙含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);200、400、600 mg/kg抗菌肽组磷含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);肌肉中水分、粗脂肪和灰分含量各组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。综合分析,在建鲤鱼基础饲料中添加适量的抗菌肽能够提高建鲤鱼种生长性能,有利于肌肉中蛋白质和钙磷的沉积。     

Effects of Yeast Nucleotide on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Function and Disease Resistance of Bluntnose Black Bream

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加酵母核苷酸对团头鲂生长性能、抗氧化功能和抗病力的影响.选择初始体重为(31.46±0.07)g的团头鲂300尾,随机分成2组(对照组和核苷酸组),每组3个重复,每个重复50尾.对照组试验鱼饲喂基础饲料,核苷酸组试验鱼饲喂在基础饲料中添加200 mg/kg酵母核苷酸(单体核苷酸与低聚核苷酸总含量为70％)的试验饲料,饲喂56 d后测定鱼体的生长、形体以及血液生理生化指标,并在饲养试验结束后采用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒试验测定鱼体的累积死亡率.结果表明:饲料中添加200 mg/kg酵母核苷酸显著提高了团头鲂的特定生长率和蛋白质效率(P＜0.05),显著降低了饲料系数(P＜0.05),但对摄食率、肝体比、内脏比、肥满度和存活率无显著影响(P＞0.05).与对照组相比,核苷酸组血浆中抗超氧阴离子水平显著增加(P＜0.05),但碱性磷酸酶活性无显著变化(P＞0.05).饲料中添加200 mg/kg酵母核苷酸对团头鲂的肝功能以及血脂和血糖指标均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但能显著降低嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后96～168 h的累积死亡率(P＜0.05).由此得出,饲料中添加200 mg/kg酵母核苷酸能在一定程度上促进团头鲂的生长,增强鱼体的抗氧化功能和抗病力,且不会影响鱼体肝功能以及血脂和血糖代谢.     

饲料中不同维生素E水平对加州鲈生长和抗氧化性能的影响

以维生素E实际添加量分别为20.50(对照组)、39.86、54.74、87.52和131.78 mg/kg的5种等氮等脂的试验饲料饲养初始体重为(34.27±0.26)g的加州鲈幼鱼8周,研究不同维生素E水平对其生长及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,随着饲料维生素E添加水平的升高,加州鲈的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率逐渐升高,但当饲料中维生素E添加量为131.78 mg/kg时,其增重率和特定生长率显著降低(P0.05)。各维生素E添加组的脂体比显著低于对照组,而肥满度则显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲料中添加维生素E显著降低了血清丙二醛的含量(P0.05),但对血清总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可知,饲料中添加一定量的维生素E可促进加州鲈的生长,降低脂质过氧化产物的含量。以特定生长率和增重率为评价指标,经二次回归方程预测加州鲈饲料中维生素E的适宜添加水平为63.33~69.44 mg/kg。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein