SPF级DBA/2小鼠繁殖性能及生长发育指标的测定

在SPF环境下,对本中心饲养的SPF级DBA/2小鼠繁殖性能及生长发育指标进行测定.选择10～11周龄的DBA/2小鼠48只(雌雄各半),雌雄1:1,兄妹交配繁殖,统计其繁殖性能和生长发育指标.结果表明,7～10周龄体重增长雌雄间差异极显著(P﹤0.01);平均产仔数1、2胎之间差异极显著(P﹤0.01).第2、3胎窝产仔数和离乳育成率均较高,第4胎次之,第1胎的窝产仔数和离乳育成率均最低,因此在饲养繁殖过程中一般选择繁殖性能较好的第2、3胎留种.     

屏障系统内SPF兔与普通级兔生长发育和繁殖性能的比较观察

SPF动物是指饲养在屏障系统内，动物体内无特定的微生物和寄生虫存在，但带有非特定的微生物和寄生虫的动物，简称无特定病原体动物(即SPF动物)，是我国规定的三级动物。实验兔除了用于医学、药学以及生物学研究之外，还广泛地用于制药工业。实验兔的质量直接影响到实验结果的准确性和药品的质量，关系到人们的身体健康。     

过氧化氢和甲醛对SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室消毒效果观察

目的比较观察过氧化氢和甲醛对SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室内表面、台面以及空气的消毒效果,选择消毒效果良好的消毒剂。方法采用空气落下菌检测法和表面细菌拭子检测法,对过氧化氢和甲醛熏蒸SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室的消毒效果进行检测观察。结果SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室分别经过氧化氢和甲醛熏蒸消毒后,进行空气落下菌的检测,过氧化氢和甲醛对大鼠繁殖室和小鼠繁殖室空气的杀菌率分别为100%、97.5%和100%、100%;将墙壁、地面和笼架表面的菌落数进行检测,过氧化氢和甲醛对大鼠繁殖室墙壁、地面和笼架的杀菌率分别为100%、99%、100%和95%、100%、99%,对小鼠繁殖室墙壁、地面和笼架的杀菌率均为100%。结论过氧化氢蒸汽消毒是比较理想的消毒方法,很好地控制了SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室环境微生物,安全性高且消毒效果明显。     

不同的配比对SPF级NIH小鼠繁殖性能的影响

目的：探讨不同的配比对SPF级NIH小鼠繁殖性能的影响。方法：从种鼠中随机抽取雄性30只，雌性60只，分别按1公：1母、1公：2母、1公：3母的方式进行配种。结果1公：2母的配种方式比1公：3母的产仔时间极显著缩短（p〈0．01）、窝产：仔数、离乳率和生长速度极显著的高（p〈0．01）：与1公：1母比较产仔数极显著增加（p〈0.01）。结论1公：2母的配种方式为NIH小鼠的最佳繁殖方式。     

SPF英系二元杂种母猪繁殖性能初探

为了解SPF二元杂种母猪的繁殖性能及SPF二元杂种母猪的连续生产性能,在北京市SPF猪育种管理中心扩繁场生产的二元杂种母猪中,选出40头二元母猪,进行两胎次连续生产,对第1胎次和第2胎次的母猪分娩数据进行统计分析。窝产总仔数、初生窝重、窝断奶仔猪数胎次间差异显著(P<0.05),21 d断奶窝重胎次间差异极显著(P<0.01),而窝产活仔数胎次间差异不显著(P>0.05)。这说明这批SPF二元母猪第2胎次繁殖性能比第1胎次有所提高,有很好的连续生产性能。     

不同病毒在SPF鸡胚与普通鸡胚繁殖性能的比较

利用HI和AGP方法检测普通种蛋中ND和IBD的卵黄抗体水平，利用HA和EID50检测方法比较多种病毒(如NDV、IBV、IBDV及AEV)在SPF鸡胚与普通鸡胚上繁殖性能的差异。研究结果表明：普通种蛋中ND及IBD的卵黄抗体水平普遍较高，在SPF鸡胚上新城疫La Sota病毒繁殖量是普通鸡胚的5～20倍，尿囊液血凝效价平均高2.0～2.5滴度。MA5毒株在SPF胚病毒液EID50为普通鸡胚的10倍以上，且每次检测的结果比较接近。IBDV、AEV等病毒在普通鸡胚上几乎不能增殖。     

不同病毒在SPF鸡胚与普通鸡胚繁殖性能的比较

利用HI和AGP方法检测普通种蛋中ND和IBD的卵黄抗体水平,利用HA和EID50检测方法比较多种病毒(如NDV、IBV、IBDV及AEV)在SPF鸡胚与普通鸡胚上繁殖性能的差异。研究结果表明:普通种蛋中ND及IBD的卵黄抗体水平普遍较高,在SPF鸡胚上新城疫LaSota病毒繁殖量是普通鸡胚的5～20倍,尿囊液血凝效价平均高2.0～2.5滴度。MA5毒株在SPF胚病毒液EID50为普通鸡胚的10倍以上熏且每次检测的结果比较接近。IBDV、AEV等病毒在普通鸡胚上几乎不能增殖。     

SPF级近交系BALB/c小鼠的体重、体长、尾长和脏器系数的测定

本中心于2002年从国家啮齿类种子中心上海分中心引进5公5母近交系BALB/c小鼠进行饲养繁殖,目前本中心已经建立起核心群、血缘扩大群和生产群,至今已达到F5代,已经取得广东省实验动物微生物监测所颁发的SPF级微生物检测合格证(合格证号2005A 013)。为了了解近交系BALB/c小鼠幼龄期3周龄、性成熟期6周龄、体成熟期9周龄和老年期72周龄等不同阶段雌雄小鼠的体重、身长、尾长、脏器重量和脏器系数的情况。我们分别对生产群小鼠不同阶段雌雄小鼠的体重、身长、尾长、脏器重量进行测量,为科研工作者提供基础数据。1材料与方法1.1动物核心群…     

清洁级KM小鼠不同胎次繁殖性能观察分折

目的观察分析清洁级KM小鼠不同胎次的繁殖能力和繁殖规律。方法以140只种鼠,雌雄各半为研究对象,根据其繁殖卡的详细资料,进行分类统计。结果清洁级KM小鼠初配怀孕率100%,平均每只母鼠怀孕(4.93±2.43)胎,平均产仔数为(10.99±2.24)只;平均离乳数(9.95±2.63)只,得出离乳率与胎次直线回归方程。其繁殖性能以第2胎最好,第3胎次之,从第3胎开始,逐胎下降,第6胎最差,已不适用在屏障系统内大规模生产繁殖。结论清洁级KM小鼠在粤西地区SPF级屏障系统内生长繁殖良好,在大群生产繁殖过程中,每只雌鼠最好繁殖5胎即要更换种鼠。     

初级SPF猪与二级SPF猪的生产性能观察

初级ＳＰＦ猪与二级ＳＰＦ猪的生产性能观察侯书江（北京市ＳＰＦ猪育种管理中心１０００９５）前言人工哺育初级ＳＰＦ仔猪是建立ＳＰＦ猪群最为基本和关键性的饲养环节。由于人工哺育ＳＰＦ仔猪要求仔猪完全脱离母猪并在无菌环境下人工寄养，仔猪不吃母乳，哺乳期完全饲...     

Heme oxygenase-1 activity is involved in the control of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL/6 and in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that catabolizes free heme, which induces an intense inflammatory response. The expression of HO-1 is induced by different stimuli, triggering an anti-inflammatory response during biological stress. It was previously verified that HO-1 is able to induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is induced by IFN-γ in Toxoplasma gondii infection. To verify the role of HO-1 during in vivo T. gondii infection, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with the ME49 strain and treated with zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) or hemin, which inhibit or induce HO-1 activity, respectively. The results show that T. gondii infection induced high levels of HO-1 expression in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL6 mice. The animals treated with ZnPPIX presented higher parasitism in the lungs of both lineages of mice, whereas hemin treatment decreased the parasite replication in this organ and in the small intestine of infected C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, C57BL/6 mice infected with T. gondii and treated with hemin showed higher levels of IDO expression in the lungs and small intestine than uninfected mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that HO-1 activity is involved in the control of T. gondii in the lungs of both mouse lineages, whereas the hemin, a HO-1 inducer, seems to be involved in the control of parasitism in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice.     

Age-related morphological changes in kidneys of SPF C57BL/6Cr mice maintained under controlled conditions

Age-related morphological changes were examined in the kidneys of inbred C57BL/6Cr mice maintained in a controlled environment. The specific pathogen free status of animals used in the present study was confirmed by microbiological monitoring. Kidneys were histologically and histometrically investigated at 3, 5, 12, 15, 24 and 27-months-old. Kidney weights did not change with age. Renal corpuscles increased in number at 24- and 27-months-old, but diameter remained constant. The percentage of renal corpuscles with a cuboidal glomerular capsule decreased at 24- and 27-months-old. Score indicating glomerular damage increased from 5- to 27-months-old. Changes to the proximal convoluted tubules were severe. Vacuolar degeneration was observed from 12-months-old. Tubular atrophy was observed at 24- and 27-months-old, with number of nuclei per unit area increasing at the same ages. Amyloidosis and scar lesions were observed at 27-months-old. Focal cell infiltration around vessels was found at 24- and 27-months-old. Electron microscopy at 27-months-old revealed expansion of the mesangial matrices and fusion of foot processes in the glomeruli. Enlarged lysosomes with lipid content were observed in the proximal convoluted tubules.     

SPRN0/0型小鼠与C57BL/6野生型小鼠小脑中microRNA的差异表达

The purpose of this study was to identify different expression of microRNAs between cerebellum of SPRN^0/0 mice and C57BL/6 wild mice, and investigate relative expression results of microRNA in cerebrum of SPRN^0/0 mice by Real-time PCR technology. The results showed that compared with cerebellum of C57BL/6 wild mice, eight microRNAs were decreased significantly:miR-135a, miR-24-2*, miR-146a, miR-7a, miR-380, miR-448, miR-128 and miR-152. miR-24-2* fold change to more than 10, five microRNAs including miR-448,miR-146a,miR-128,miR-380 and miR-152 fold change to more than 2, miR-135a and miR-7a fold change to more than 1. Thus, we concluded that these changes of microRNAs expression might be involved in Shadoo protein function and the establishment of target genes of microRNAs might provide new ideas for researching Shadoo protein function.     

Ultrastructure of Spermatogonia and Primary Spermatocytes of C57BL6J Mice

The three types of spermatogonia were confirmed. Type A spermatogonia have a large nucleus and loose chromatin and are poor in endoplasmic reticulum. The second type, B spermatogonia, have rounded and smaller nuclei filled with more electron-dense nucleoplasmic material. The endoplasmic reticulum has the aspect of round or elongated cisterns that are free in the cytoplasm or close to the basement membrane. In contrast, intermediate spermatogonia present chromatin material with intermediate condensation compared with the two previous cell types. Primary spermatocytes are characterized by the presence of intercellular bridges and a synaptonemal complex. In the late pachytene stages, the synaptonemal complex was found to be enveloped by chromatin material.     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒GI型毒株SD12在C57BL/6小鼠体内的动态分布研究

为了解流行性乙型脑炎病毒基因I型毒株SD12在感染C57BL/6小鼠体内的病毒分布,应用qRT-PCR 方法检测该毒株在小鼠体内各组织的动态分布情况。结果显示腹腔感染组中2 dpi仅能在心脏和脾脏检测出病毒核酸,5～7 dpi能够在心脏、肝脏、脑部、盲肠和扁桃体检测到病毒核酸。血脑屏障受损的腹腔感染组中最早2 dpi在肠系膜淋巴结中检测到病毒核酸,3 dpi基本能在各组织中检测到病毒核酸,5～7 dpi在大脑中检测到大量病毒核酸。所有对照组没有检测到病毒阳性核酸。本研究表明基因I型流行性乙型脑炎病毒感染血脑屏障受损的C57BL/6小鼠后能迅速入侵各组织脏器,主要浸染肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、盲肠和大脑。拥有完整血脑屏障的小鼠对病毒具有一定抵抗能力,病毒在各组织中的含量相对比较低。     

补充牛磺酸对高脂饮食C57BL/6J小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

【目的】通过建立高脂动物模型,探究牛磺酸对肥胖小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。【方法】将20只5周龄SPF级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为4组：空白组、模型组、3%牛磺酸组和5%牛磺酸组,每组5只,试验期为15周。空白组小鼠饲喂对照饲粮,模型组饲喂高脂饲粮,其余两组在模型组饲粮的基础上分别添加3%、5%的牛磺酸。试验结束前2周分别进行口服葡萄糖耐受实验（OGTT）和胰岛素耐受实验（ITT）。试验结束后乙醚麻醉眼球取血,采用颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,采集肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、附睾脂肪组织并称重,计算脏器/脂肪系数。测定血清中各项生化指标及瘦素（LEP）、脂联素（ADPN）含量,以及肝脏中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）的含量,采用油红O染色和苏木精-伊红（HE）染色分别观察肝脏脂滴分布和脂肪组织形态变化。【结果】①与空白组相比,模型组小鼠体重极显著增加（P<0.01）,血糖（GLU）及血脂指标出现异常,葡萄糖耐受和胰岛素耐受的曲线下面积极显著升高（P<0.01）,符合肥胖模型的特征。②与模型组相比,添加牛磺酸后小鼠总增重、肝脏系数和脂肪系数均极显著降低（P<0.01）;血清中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,GLU含量显著下降（P<0.05）;肝脏中TG和TC含量极显著下降（P<0.01）,ADPN含量极显著升高（P<0.01）;葡萄糖耐受和胰岛素耐受的曲线下面积均极显著降低（P<0.01）;肝脏中的脂滴数量减少,脂肪细胞的细胞截面积极显著减小（P<0.01）,细胞数量极显著增多（P<0.01）,脂肪细胞分布较均匀。【结论】牛磺酸可通过调节高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠糖脂代谢水平,改善其肝脏及脂肪的组织病理形态,可能对肝脏具有保护作用。     

Morphological and Biochemical Changes During Aging and Photoaging of the Skin of C57BL/6J Mice

The differences between the dorsal skin of 11- and 16-week-old C57BL/6J mice were examined morphologically and biochemically. The dermis of the 16-week-old mice was thinner than that of the 11-week-old mice due to decreases in the amounts of soluble collagen and elastin. Next, the changes in dorsal skin exposed to UVA irradiation for 8 weeks (576 J/cm(2)) were examined in 3 (younger)- and 8 (older)-week-old C57BL/6J mice. The thickness of the dermis was not significantly different between the UVA-irradiated and control mice in either the younger or older group. The increase in the amount of collagen was related to the increase in the level of soluble collagen in the younger mice. In contrast, it was related to the increase in the level of insoluble collagen in the older mice. In the UVA-irradiated older mice, the activity of the latent form of MMP-13 was significantly higher than that in the control mice. These results suggest that aging and UVA-induced photoaging in the skin are histologically and biochemically different phenomena.     

Piebald mutation on a C57BL/6J background

The classic piebald mutation in the endothelin receptor type B (Ednrb) gene was found on rolling Nagoya genetic background (PROD-s/s) mice with white coat spotting. To examine whether genetic background influenced the phenotype in the piebald mutant mice, we generated a congenic strain (B6.PROD-s/s), produced by repeated backcrosses to the C57BL/6J (B6) strain. Although B6.PROD-s/s mice showed white coat spotting, 7% of B6.PROD-s/s mice died between 2 and 5 weeks after birth due to megacolon. The PROD-s/s, s/s and Japanese fancy mouse 1 (JF1) strains, which also have piebald mutations on different genetic backgrounds with B6, showed only pigmentation defects without megacolon. In expression analyses, rectums of B6.PROD-s/s with megacolon mice showed ~5% of the level of Ednrb gene expression versus B6 mice. In histological analyses, aganglionosis was detected in the rectum of megacolon animals. The aganglionic rectum was thought to lead to severe constipation and intestinal blockage, resulting in megacolon. We also observed an abnormal intestinal flora, including a marked increase in Bacteroidaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae and a marked decrease in Lactobacillus and Clostridiales, likely inducing endotoxin production and a failure of the mucosal barrier system, leading ultimately to death. These results indicate that the genetic background plays a key role in the development of enteric ganglion neurons, controlled by the Ednrb gene, and that B6 has modifier gene (s) regarding aganglionosis.     

对C57BL／6小鼠超排效果的研究

本文以近交系C57BL／6小鼠为实验对象．研究注射不同剂量的PMSG和hCG对小鼠超排效果的影响。取C57BL／6小鼠各30只,按照注射剂量不同分为A、B、C三组,每组10只,A组注射PMSG2．5IU,HCG2．5IU,B组注射PMSG5．0IU,HCG5．0IU,C组注射PMSG7．5IU,HCG7．5IU。每只小鼠腹腔注射PMSG,间隔48h后分别注射HCG进行超数排卵,再与性成熟同系公鼠合笼,次日早上检查阴道栓．有栓雌鼠用颈椎脱臼法处死。在实体显微镜下由输卵管膨大部冲卵．收集卵母细胞置于盛有M2培养液的表面皿中检查计数．分析超排效果。结果表明。C57BU6小鼠B组的平均取卵数极显著高于A组的平均取卵数（P〈0．05）;B组的平均取卵数显著高于C组的平均取卵数（P〈0．05）;C组与A组的平均取卵数差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

蜥蜴利什曼原虫在小鼠体内的分布及增殖研究

通过腹腔途径用体内含有荧光蛋白的蜥蜴利什曼原虫感染BALB/c小鼠,感染后采其脏器做冰冻切片,荧光染料染色后用荧光显微镜观察,并经PCR鉴定,结果显示蜥蜴利什曼原虫感染小鼠后,主要分布于心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏。另外,成功建立了利什曼原虫荧光定量PCR检测方法,并采用该方法检测感染蜥蜴利什曼原虫后BALB/c小鼠体内利什曼原虫的增殖情况,结果显示,感染13 d内,BALB/c小鼠体内蜥蜴利什曼原虫呈波浪状增殖。这一结果为研究蜥蜴利什曼原虫感染人和动物的致病机理和免疫方法及疫苗研制等方面提供了基础理论依据。