如何建立饲料原料质量保证体系

饲料原料质量是企业产品质量的源头,据生产统计分析表明,饲料产品营养成分及质量差异40％～70％来自原料质量的差异。若原料质量得不到有效的控制,生产出的产品就没有竞争力。完整的饲料质量保证体系包括原料的采购、原料的接收与检验、原料贮藏前期预处理和贮藏管理等。现笔者就如何建立饲料原料质量保证体系总结如下,以供参考。     

如何建立饲料原料质量保证体系

饲料原料质量是企业产品质量的源头,据生产统计分析表明,饲料产品营养成分及质量差异40%～70%来自原料质量的差异.若原料质量得不到有效的控制,生产出的产品就没有竞争力.完整的饲料质量保证体系包括原料的采购、原料的接收与检验、原料贮藏前期预处理和贮藏管理等.现笔者就如何建立饲料原料质量保证体系总结如下,以供参考.     

饲料企业中QA的作用与职责

<正>饲料企业是原料依赖型企业。作为饲料企业,饲料原料占生产成本的70%￣90%,饲料原料的质量变异占产品质量变异的40%￣70%,饲料原料质量是保证产品质量的关键因素和重要前提,营养品质和安全指标中,过去被忽视的影响因素或质量"细节",可能     

饲料企业的全程质量管理

饲料企业质量保证体系包括:原材料质量控制、加工工艺控制及成品质量控制。1原材料质量控制饲料产品质量的变异在配方固定的前提下,其最大可能来自原材料的质量差异。而作为饲料企业从经济角度上考虑,原材料占所有成本的80%以上,因此,尽可能控制原材料的质量是节省成本支出,提高产品质量的关键。原材料的质量一般采用两种手段来判断,即物理感官检查与化学分析检测。因此,为了有效控制原材料的质量必须采取以下措施:1.1保持供货渠道的相对稳定饲料原料大都为其他行业的副产品或再生产品,其质量往往因厂家的加工工艺不同而有较大差异,或因产地…     

几种饲料原料质量的判定指标

近年来,随着饲料工业的快速发展,大多数饲料生产企业在饲料配方技术、加工设备与工艺上的差距越来越小,从而使饲料成品品质在很大程度上取决于饲料原料质量的优劣。原料质量是饲料企业产品质量的源头,若原料质量得不到有效控制,生产出的产品就没有竞争力。本文主要介绍了几种常见饲料原料的质量控制指标,为饲料生产企业提供参考。     

常见大宗饲料原料的质量控制

近年来,随着饲料工业的快速发展,大多数饲料生产企业在饲料配方技术、加工设备与工艺上的差距越来越小,从而使饲料成品品质在很大程度上取决于饲料原料质量的优劣。原料质量是饲料企业产品质量的源头,若原料质量得不到有效控制,生产出的产品就没有竞争力。本文主要介绍了常见几种大宗饲料原料玉米酒糟（DDGS）、豆粕、鱼粉等的质量控制要点,为饲料生产企业提供参考。     

为饲料企业产品高质、节约,在养殖业中树立品牌支招——关注动物“口粮”的品质安全——饲料原料产品的质量标准及主要技术指标的检测方法

自然状态下,畜禽可根据自身营养需要和适口性进行食物选择。而在规模饲养条件下,则要根据动物不同生长发育阶段的需要进行饲料配制,因此饲料原料质量的好坏是决定饲料产品质量的基础,只有合格的原料,方能生产出合格的饲料产品;有合格的饲料产品,才能有动物健康的物质基础。专家指出,实际生产过程中,一些养殖、饲料企业经常反映的饲料原料产品质量或者配方使用效果问题,往往是由于没有对饲料原料产品的质量标准及主要技术指标进行相应检测引起的。目前,我国饲料产品市场中,饲料原料产品的合格率仅为70%-80%,这意味着饲料企业必须通过对原料产品的质量标准及主要技术指标进行相应检测,才能有效淘汰不合格、质量低的原料产品,提高饲料原料产品质量。而饲料企业只有加强原料产品质量管理,生产出高质量的饲料原料产品,才能在养殖业中树立品牌,以占领更大的市场。     

常见饲料原料的掺假鉴别方法

饲料原料的质量是饲料质量的关键所在。但一些不法分子在利益驱使下,向饲料原料中掺假夹杂,使原料质量难以鉴定。为保证饲料质量,必须控制好原料质量。常见的原料掺假方式及鉴别方法如下：     

常用几种饲料原料质量的鉴别

饲料是养殖业发展的基础，而饲料原料又是生产饲料的基础，因此，饲料原料的质量控制是生产优质饲料的关键。下面介绍几种常用饲料原料的质量鉴别方法。     

饲料企业供应商管理与原料质量控制

科学的饲料配方、合理的加工设备与工艺、优质的饲料原料是确保配合饲料品质的三个基本要素。其中,饲料原料质量与安全是成品质量与安全的源头和基础。饲料原料质量变异的控制是实现产品质量变异控制的先决条件。为保证原料质量,饲料企业在采购流程中可以采取＂三权分立＂的原则：技术部确定使用原料的种类,并且以技术部为主,与品控部共同制定原料检测方法和质量标准,行使＂立法权＂;品控部根据标准对原料进行鉴定,行使＂司法权＂,同时负责组织     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.