鱼类喂貂有讲究

鱼类饲料是用来喂貂的一种优质饲料的重要来源之一,鱼类饲料含有高的动物性蛋白质。鱼类饲料主要产自我国沿海地区以及内陆的江河、湖泊、池塘和水库等,虽然鱼类饲料很好,但如果使用饲喂方法不当,也难以达到预期的目的和效果,为此,笔者现将有关用鱼类喂貂的正确用法与注意的问题介绍如下:1注意合理搭配在投喂鱼类饲料过程中,养貂户需要科学合理的搭配各种鱼种,各地养貂生产实践证实,常期饲喂单一种鱼的生产效果,不如饲喂杂种鱼效果好,饲喂单纯脂肪含量高的鱼种,则不如与脂肪含量低的鱼搭配利用效果好,如果以60%～70%的鱼类与30%～!40%的肉类…     

鱼类饲料的利用率与饲料蛋白质最适含量的探讨

<正> 在配制鱼饲料时,主要考虑的是饲料蛋白质的含量和质量问题。鱼体的增长实质上是蛋白质在鱼体内的积累。因为蛋白质是生命的物质基础。在配制鱼饲料的同时,也要考虑饲料的利用率,即饲料中粗蛋白质的利用率,它表示饲料中粗蛋白质在鱼体内的利用情况。鱼类对蛋白质利用率的高低与饲料蛋白质的质量有关。饲料蛋白质质量越高,鱼用来构成自身的效率就     

新型饲料缩短鱼类生长期

挪威Gelly饲料公司是三文鱼和真鳕饲料专利技术公司．日前他们已经开发出一种养鱼场使用的新型饲料．比传统干饲料更能促进鱼类迅速增长,并使鱼的规格更大。新的饲料采用鱼废料作为原料,可以使鱼的增长速度比常规饲料快15％。     

鱼类对微量元素利用性研究

鱼类对微量元素利用性研究在鱼的饲料方面，人们对于无机盐的研究最迟，特别是微量元素利用方面研究还很少。本研究以日本重要的养殖鱼类──虹鳟和鲤鱼为对象，研究其对含鱼粉饲料中的无机盐的利用性。１．含鱼粉饲料中添加微量元素的必要性鱼粉作为养鱼饲料的主要原料，...     

海水鱼类的营养需求及饲料的配制

1我国海水鱼类养殖及饲料使用现状 我国海域辽阔,大陆海岸线长达18 000km,浅海、港湾、滩涂面积大,从南到北跨越热带、亚热带和温带3种气候区,很适于发展海水养殖业.20世纪70年代末开始,海水鱼类养殖蓬勃发展,特别是近几年,随着海水鱼类多种养殖模式的推广以及人工繁殖与育苗技术的突破,养殖技术的日臻成熟,极大地推动了海水鱼类养殖产业的发展.据国家农业部渔业局统计,2005年上半年海水养殖产量达519万t.养殖方式主要有池塘养殖、陆基工厂化养殖、滩涂养殖和网箱养殖等.主要的养殖品种有美国红鱼、真鲷、河豚、鲈鱼、石斑鱼、大黄鱼、牙鲆、军曹鱼等20多种.     

浅谈鱼类的营养性疾病

鱼类由于摄食某些在生理上特别需要的元素不平衡，致使鱼类生长发育不正常，甚至发生病变、死亡，这一类的疾病统称为营养性疾病。饲料中的营养素或多或少，饲料成分变性或能量不足，皆可诱发鱼类营养性疾病。1营养缺乏症营养缺乏症是指鱼类在其饲料中的某种营养素水平低于正常生理需求时所患的疾病，通常鱼类摄人缺乏某种营养素的饲料后，一般最先观察到的症状为：生长缓慢，饲料转换率低，死亡率高，继而出现特异性症状。表1为几种鱼类的维生素缺乏症。1．l氨基酸缺乏症当鱼类缺乏氨基酸时，一般来说从鱼的外观形态上即可鉴别，鱼生长发育…     

鱼类对外源氨基酸利用的研究进展

氨基酸是鱼类生长和代谢最重要的营养素之一,也是人们一直关注和研究的重点。外源性氨基酸在鱼饲料中的使用效果受鱼消化道结构、饲料加工技术以及氨基酸自身性质影响。本文就鱼类对外源性氨基酸吸收特点以及影响外源性氨基酸利用效果因素作以简述。     

鲷科鱼类蛋白质和氨基酸营养需求研究进展

鲷科（Sparidae）鱼类为世界性主要海水养殖鱼类品种之一。近年来，鲷科鱼类在我国养殖规模逐年扩增，对营养全面的专用配合饲料需求日益增加。尽管国内外对金头鲷（Sparus aurata）、黑鲷（Acanthopagrus schlegelii）和真鲷（Pagrus major）等品种已经进行了较为全面的营养研究，但对其他品种（如黄鳍鲷，Acanthopagrus latus）尚未进行系统研究。考虑到几种鲷科鱼类在分类地位和生活习性有一定相似之处，因此很有必要对鲷科鱼类营养研究进行系统整理和比较。文章就国内外对鲷科鱼类的蛋白质和氨基酸营养研究进行综述，以期为鲷科新品种鱼类营养生理研究及专用饲料研发提供科学参考。     

石斑鱼的营养需求及饲料营养参数

<正>石斑鱼(Epinephelus spp.)是鳍科(Serranidae)石斑鱼属(Epinephelus)鱼类的总称。全世界约100多种,属暖水性中下层的肉食性鱼类,具有生长速度快、饲料系数低、经济价值高等优点,被认为是精养条件下最具有养殖前景的鱼类之一(ChenTsai,1994;Boonyaratpalin,1997)。目前,国内养殖石斑鱼主要靠饲喂新鲜小杂鱼、甲壳类、软体动物、虾和沙蚕等,也有个别饲料企业在尝试石斑鱼饲料的生产和推广。石斑鱼的营养需求数据是研     

鱼类喂貂有讲究

鱼类饲料是用来喂貂的一种优质饲料的重要来源之一，鱼类饲料含有高的动物性蛋白质。鱼类饲料主要产自我国沿海地区以及内陆的江河、湖泊、池塘和水库等，虽然鱼类饲料很好，但如果使用饲喂方法不当，也难以达到预期的目的和效果。为此，笔者现将有关用鱼类喂貂的正确用法与注意的问题介绍如下：     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …