应用GIS对松材线虫病进行信息管理

运用ＧＩＳ可对影响松材线虫病Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ ｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ的各个相关因素进行管理，通过其分析功能，根据生产实践的需要对松材线虫病的除治，隔离，保护，检疫做出科学的规划和管理。     

浅谈松材线虫病的管理策略

本文从有害生物管理策略的理论出发，根据目前对松材线虫病Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅ－ｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ的认识、研究、防治和管理的整体水平，结合各地松材线虫病发生危害的实际情况，分别提出与之相适应的管理策略．     

浅谈松材线虫病的管理策略

本文从有害生物管理策略和理论出发，根据目前对松材线虫病Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅ－ｌｅｕｃｈｕｓ ｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ的认识、研究、防治和管理的整体水平，结合各地松材线虫病发生危害的实际情况，分别提出与之相适应的管理策略。     

从文献分析看我国松材线虫病研究进展

本文从文献学入手，对我国松材线虫病Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ研究的文献量、文献源及文献作者单位进行分析；从病理学的角度，对我国松材线虫病的研究进展进行评价。从文献学和病理学两个方面反映我国松材线虫病的研究现状和水平，为今后的深入研究和生产防治提供参考     

试论我国松材线虫病的治理对策

松材线虫病Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ是松树的毁灭性传染病，目前在我国大陆５个省已有发生，造成直接经济损失数亿元，对我国松林资源、自然景观和生态环境造成严重破坏。本文阐述松材线虫病的发生情况、危害特点和发生趋势，提出了松材线虫病应采取“预防为主，防治并举，因地制宜，分类施策，严密封锁，积极扑灭”的对策     

试论我国松材线虫病的治理对策

松材线虫病Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ ｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ是松树的毁灭性传染病，目前在我国大陆５个省已有发生，造成直接经济损失数亿元，对我困公林资源，自然景观和生态环境造成严重破坏。本文阐述松材线虫病的发生情况，危害特点和发生趋势，提出了松材线虫病应采取“预防为主，防治并举因地制宜，分类施策，严密封锁，积极扑灭”的对策。     

松材线虫病在纯松林内自然扩散规律的研究

在偏僻地带的大面积轻微发病纯松林内通过反复强度清理病死、濒死松树及所有可疑松树，及在中心部位人为设置“中心侵染源”松木段，模拟松材线虫病Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ自然扩散。经定期定点观察，初步摸清了华东丘陵地带松材线虫病及松褐天牛在纯松林内自然扩散规律，为松材线虫病治理提供了依据     

从文献分析看我国松材线虫病研究进展

本文从文献学入手，对我国松林线虫病Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ ｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ研究的文献量，文献源及文献作者单位进行分析；从病理学的角度，对我国松材线虫病的研究进展进行评价。从文献学和病理学两个方面反映我国松材线虫病的研究现状和水平，为今后的深入研究和生产防治提供参考。     

浅谈镇江市松材线虫病防治工作中存在的问题与对策

浅谈镇江市松材线虫病防治工作中存在的问题与对策＠王敏敏￥镇江市多管局浅谈镇江市松材线虫病防治工作中存在的问题与对策王敏敏（镇江市多管局，２１２０００）松材线虫病（Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙ－ｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ）是松树上的一种毁灭性病害。自１９８２年...     

松材线虫病在纯松林内自然扩散规律的研究

在偏僻地带的大面积轻微发病纯松林内通过反复强度清理病死，濒死松树及所有可疑松树，及在中心部位人为设置“中心侵染源”松木段，模拟松材线虫病Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ ｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ自然扩散。经定期定点观察，初步摸清了华东丘陵地带松材线虫病及松褐天牛在纯松林内扩散规律，为松材线虫病治理提供了依据。     

林木低磷胁迫适应机制研究进展

土壤有效磷缺乏在自然环境中是一种非常普遍的现象,近年来世界各国针对植物的觅磷和耐磷机制进行了大量研究,然而目前相关的综述性报道多限于农作物,对林木低磷胁迫适应性的综述性报道尚不多见。在长期进化过程中,林木为利用土壤中现有的含量极低的有效磷,形成了各种适应低磷胁迫的机制。文中从林木根系的形态学变化、根系分泌物对土壤难溶性磷的活化作用、林木对土壤低浓度有效磷的吸收利用以及应对低磷胁迫的遗传调控等方面综述了低磷环境中林木的适应机制,为揭示林木对缺磷环境的适应机理、发掘林木自身对土壤有效磷高效率的吸收利用能力、以及进一步筛选林木的磷高效品种和合理经营管理人工林提供参考。     

高等教育教学研究项目和教学成果综合管理系统的设计与实现

高校教学研究项目管理手段已经难以适应现阶段教研项目发展的需要,提高教学研究项目的管理水平,促进教学成果的推广和应用,实现信息化势在必行.本系统充分结合项目管理思想和实际需求,进行需求分析、结构设计、功能模块设计和功能实现,以东北林业大学为试点,最终设计出一款适应于普通高校教学研究管理工作的,操作简便、易学易用、科学有效的通用系统.该系统的设计实现和应用有助于高校项目管理实现科学化、规范化和高效化,对推动高校教学改革的深化和教育质量的提高具有重要意义.     

我国油茶产业发展现状与对策建议

为梳理制约我国油茶产业发展的瓶颈问题,文中介绍我国油茶产业发展历程,综述油茶产业发展现状,从良种繁育、栽培管理、加工和科技服务等方面分析存在的问题,并针对问题提出相应的建议:加大良种选育监管力度,限制认可度低的良种推广应用;建立良种基地动态评估和奖惩机制,加大育种资金投入;整改现有采穗圃,提高良种繁育单位准入门槛;扩大优良良种使用范围,加强良种繁育技术培训;分地区细化高效栽培和低产林改造技术;建立高产示范基地和专家库,引导经营者科学经营;推进油茶全产业链机械化建设步伐,完善加工工艺;制定油茶产品质量标准,建立油茶产业高质量发展公共服务平台;加强公共品牌建设与宣传,提高消费者对油茶品牌认知度;组建油茶科技服务团队,完善油茶科技服务体系。期望通过这些建议能够助力我国油茶产业高质量发展,使油茶产业加速从千亿向万亿规模迈进。     

Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Composites

There are many advantages of bended wood,such as good-looking shape,simple process and low cost.The product,however,is easy to get recovery,which is urgent to be dealt with.This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability.Compared to bended solid wood,some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented.The purpose of this paper is to suggest:1)to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation,according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius;2)to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation,dynamic viscoelasticity and crystal1ization field;3)to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions.It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.     

昆明市引种的园林树木适应性研究

依据对昆明市现有园林树木(包括外地园林树木和本地野生树种引种的种类)的生物学、生态学习性以及生活力表现等的调查资料，对其引种园林树种的适应性作出了初步评价。昆明市栽培的园林树木计有84科240属623种(包括变种、变型及品种)。其中531种适应或基本适应昆明的园林环境条件，占总数的85％。在原产于北热带的树种中，适应或基本适应的占36％，不适应的占64％，其中濒死或死亡的占30％；原产南亚热带的树种，适应或基本适应的占70％，不适应的占30％；原产亚热带和暖温带的树种均能适应或基本适应昆明的园林环境条件；在原产温带的树种中，适应或基本适应的占88％，不适应的占12％。昆明野生树种适应性较好，而原产高海拔地区的树种适应性较差。在原产国外的树种中，引自北美洲西南部、中美洲高原、澳洲东南部、日本、欧洲地中海沿岸、印度、缅甸的树种适应性较好；而引自非洲、美洲、澳洲、东南亚、南亚热带地区的树种适应性差。     

安徽板栗产销状况及发展前景与对策探讨

安徽省是全国板栗的主产区之一。近十多年来。我省板栗在面积和产量上有了大幅度的提高。产销两旺。但要做到未雨绸缨,控制规模,提高现有板栗林的单位面积产量和效益．必须加快推广先进技术。加快鼠种推广步伐。调整品种结构。大力发展贮藏和深加工,积极创建品牌,建立营销体系。开拓市场销路，提高我省板栗在国内、国际市场上的竞争力,提高经济效益。     

The challenges of effective model scoping: A FLORES case study from the mafungautsi forest margins,Zimbabwe

This paper explores the challenge of defining the scope of a systems model, emphasising three aspects: boundary, granularity and conceptual scope. The significance of these is illustrated by reference to a model of land-use decisions made in villages bordering on the Mafungautsi forest in Zimbabwe. The purpose of this model was to help policy players (Forestry Commission staff, non-governmental organisations, researchers and local people) to understand the impact of policy interventions on local people’s livelihoods. Scoping decisions that were made in building the Mafungautsi model were deliberately liberal, to encompass the interests of all participants in the modelling process. These decisions now present a range of serious challenges: the difficulty of model calibration, the computational expense of running simulations, and the difficulty for new users to understand the model. Facilitators of modelling teams need to consider the serious implications of giving everyone what they want and including all participants’ ideas in a model. In the long run, it may be better to be tough and reject many suggestions at the outset. The former approach is unlikely to lead to a tractable model, while the latter may ultimately offer greater satisfaction for all. We are grateful to the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) and the European Community for financial support of this project. Thanks also to all of the ACM team who have contributed ideas on the process and content of the modelling work and who make it fun to undertake collaborative research. Thanks also to the participants in the Zimbabwe FLAC workshops for their input into the specification of the Mafungautsi model. Finally thanks to Robert Muetzelfeldt, Jasper Taylor, Jonathan Massheder, Fergus Sinclair and Jerry Vanclay for helping us to ride on the FLORES bandwagon.     

荒漠化监测与评价指标体系框架

根据荒漠化的定义以及荒漠化的特点,荒漠化监测与评价指标体系由4个部分组成,即压力指标、状态指标、影响指标和防治指标。压力指标描述的是对自然资源的状态带来影响并导致荒漠化发生的自然和人为驱动因素,用来对荒漠化发展趋势进行评估并进行荒漠化早期预警;状态指标描述的是土地生态系统的状态和特性,可以分为物理指标、化学指标和生物指标,它们分别描述土地生态系统的物理、化学和生物特性;影响指标用来评价荒漠化对人类及其环境带来的影响;防治指标用来评价防治荒漠化采取的行动和措施以及采取这些行动和措施带来的社会经济和自然条件的改善。     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.