湖北地区温棚养殖与稻田养殖克氏原螯虾生长特性研究

2018年12月—2019年3月间,定期从温棚养殖和稻田养殖的克氏原螯虾中采集599尾样本,测量克氏原螯虾的体质量(y)、全长(x1)、头胸甲长(x2)、头胸甲宽(x3)、腹节总长(x4)、第一腹节长(x5)、第一腹节宽(x6)、尾节长(x7)、第六腹节长(x8)、第六腹节宽(x9)和螯长(x10),探明温棚养殖幼虾与...     

Shadow area and partitioning influencing mortality,healthiness and growth of juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda)

Crayfish show both shelter‐seeking behaviour and agonistic behaviour. Agonistic interactions among crayfish combatants can be triggered and released by the access of shelter, which is a necessary resource for crayfish. The use of shadow as a shelter has not been thoroughly tested in experiments. In this study, we provided the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) with different shadow area and shadow partition to test if shadow can act as a solid shelter. Eleven different treatments designed with different shadow area and partition, and 2640 juvenile crayfish were used. The survival rate increased with the increase of shadow area ratio. The shadow area contributed less to the body weight gain and the number of the survivals without injury. The growth variance of the juveniles under shadow conditions was significantly lower than those maintained without providing shadow. Under the recent experimental settings, generally, more partitioned shadow resulted in lower mortality. With 60% shadow area, more partitioned shadow led to higher body weight gain. The more the partition was provided, the fewer were the injury events, and the lower body weight variance observed. Our experiments indicated that both area and partition of the shadow influenced the growth of juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish.     

养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、摄食和饵料利用影响

以体重(0.015±0.004)g克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾为研究对象,研究了50、100、300、600、900尾/m25种养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、摄食和饲料利用的影响,实验周期为30 d。结果显示:克氏原螯虾幼虾的体长、特定生长率、平均日增重、存活率和蜕壳率都随养殖密度的增大而减小,其中日增重由(0.007±0.002)g下降为(0.002±0.001)g,蜕壳率由(100±0.000)%下降为(37.222±3.928)%,降幅明显;体长、体重变动系数随养殖密度的增大而增大。每组个体的平均摄食量和摄食率均与养殖密度成反比。此结果表明养殖密度的增大总体来说不利于克氏原螯虾幼虾的生长和摄食。在饲料利用方面,饵料转化率在各养殖密度组之间无明显差异;蛋白质特定生长率、脂肪特定生长率和脂肪储积率随养殖密度增大呈减小趋势,蛋白质储积率呈增大趋势。     

养殖密度对克氏原螯虾生长及消化酶、免疫酶活性的影响

水温(25±1)℃时,将体质量(3.11±0.10)g的克氏原螯虾幼虾饲养在120 cm×60 cm×20 cm的水族箱中,密度分别为14尾/m2(低密度组)、28尾/m2(中密度组)和42尾/m2(高密度组),研究室内养殖不同密度对生长、摄食、消化酶活性及非特异性免疫的影响.8周的养殖结果显示,克氏原螯虾的存活率随养...     

Effectiveness of Synthetic Molecules,and Animal and Vegetable Extracts as Baits for Harvesting Red Swamp Crayfish,Procambarus clarkii

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of different biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermine and spermidine) and their precursory amino acids (arginine, histidine, lysine and tyrosine), as well as animal extracts (from fish, crustaceans and mollusks) and vegetable extracts (Chara sp., coconut and alfalfa) as baits in traps for red swamp crayfish, P. clarkii. The methodology was conceived as a logical sequence to proceed from rapid screening of a large number of treatments and was divided into three phases: (1) chemo-detection bioassays, (2) chemattraction bioassays, and (3) field bioassays carried out under natural conditions. The attractants that showed the best performance as baits for P. clarkii, were: the fish soluble extract (included at 2.96%), the putrescine (included at 0.30%) and the red crab soluble extract (included at 2.69%). The benefits of using these attractants, when added to common pelleted feed, come from their low cost, availability and enhanced handling properties.     

Protein lipid ratio for the growth and survival of juvenile crayfish Procambarus acanthophorus (Hobbs 1972) reared under controlled conditions

The influence of dietary protein/lipid levels on growth and survival in juvenile crayfish (Procambarus acanthophorus) was evaluated during a 12‐week nutritional trial. Twenty experimental diets were formulated containing different protein (200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 g kg^?1) and lipid (60, 80, 100 and 120 g kg^?1) levels. A bifactorial model (5 × 4) was used with three replicates and 15 crayfish (0.014±0.006 g) per replicate, in a recirculation system with 60–15 L rectangular tanks and a biological filter, the culture conditions were a photoperiod of 12:12 h L:D and temperature 24.7±1.0 °C. Total survival ranged from 66.6% to 86.6%, with no differences attributed to treatments. Dietary protein levels had a significant effect on growth gain and nutritional efficiency; in contrast, lipid levels had no effect on juvenile performance. The 250/120 (protein/lipid) treatment promoted the most efficient growth (final weight: 3.09 g, weight gain: 21 995%, specific growth rate: 3.35% day^?1); the less efficient growth was observed in juveniles fed with 400 g kg^?1 protein diets. The quadratic regression model indicated 279 g kg^?1 as the optimal protein level for crayfish growth, while levels between 211 and 232 g kg^?1 could minimize the feeding costs without affecting growth.     

温棚保温、亲本规格对克氏原螯虾苗繁育效果的影响

采用单因素对照、对比试验方法,开展温棚保温以及大、中、小不同亲本规格对克氏原螯虾苗种规格、育苗量等繁育指标的影响.试验结果表明,每年冬季最冷时节(12月下旬至翌年1月中旬),温棚内池平均水温较室外池高3.44℃,且温棚内池水温皆在5℃以上;温棚内池平均育苗量与室外池差异不显著(P>0.05),而培育的虾苗体质量为室外池...     

克氏原螯虾对配合饲料感知能力的研究

为了解克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)对饲料感知的最大空间距离,在稻田养殖环境条件下,利用特定设计的试验设施,研究其对配合饲料的感知能力,以期为合理确定养殖水体投饵点数量和空间布局、增加饲料利用率提供科学依据。结果显示,克氏原螯虾对配合饲料感知的最大间隔距离估算为12 m;在食物间隔距离3 m和6 m捕获的雌虾与雄虾数量无显著性差异(χ²>1.19,df=1,P>0.270),表明雌性与雄性对配合饲料的感知能力没有显著差异。食物感知-搜索时间与食物间隔距离呈正相关,在食物间隔距离为3 m、6 m、9 m、12 m时,食物感知-搜索的最短时间分别为(1.8±0.5) min、(5.0±1.1) min、(11.4±1.7) min、(25.2±2.4) min,最长时间分别为(3.4±0.9) h、(7.3±0.6) h、(9.0±0.8) h、(10.0±1.3) h。当食物间隔距离为3 m和12 m时,受到配合饲料刺激后分别有(68.3±1.6)%和(36.3±1.9)%的克氏原螯虾能在3 h内到达食物源。研究表明,克氏原螯虾对配...     

Effect of combined photoperiod, water calcium concentration and pH on survival, growth, and moulting of juvenile crayfish (Procambarus clarkii ) cultured under laboratory conditions

The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), is one of the most commonly farmed freshwater species in inland China due to its high market value and consumer demand. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum combinations of photoperiod, water calcium concentration and pH for juvenile survival, growth and moulting. In our orthogonal experiment, the three environmental factors were varied at three levels (photoperiod: 16L:8D, 12L:12D and 8L:16D; calcium concentration: 45.5, 65.5 and 85.5 mg L⁻¹; and pH: 6.8, 7.8 and 8.8). Range analysis showed that the maximum survival of juvenile crayfish occurred at photoperiods of 16L:8D or 8L:16D, water calcium concentration of 45.5 mg L⁻¹ and pH of 7.8; maximum weight gain at photoperiod 16L:8D, water calcium concentration 65.5 mg L⁻¹ and pH 7.8; maximum length increase at photoperiod 16L:8D, water calcium concentration 65.5 mg L⁻¹ and pH 7.8; and the highest moult frequency at photoperiod 12L:12D, water calcium concentration 65.5 mg L⁻¹ and pH 7.8. Analysis of variance indicated that photoperiod, water calcium concentration and pH significantly influenced only the weight gain of juvenile crayfish ( P <0.05). Taking growth into consideration, we suggest that a photoperiod of 16L:8D, calcium concentration of 65.5 mg L⁻¹ and pH 7.8 might be optimal conditions for rearing juvenile P. clarkii .     

蛋白质水平及能量蛋白比对克氏原螯虾生长与蛋白酶活力的影响

用3种不同蛋白质水平及能量蛋白比(E/P)水平饲料投喂克氏原螯虾,分析比较不同饲料对克氏原螯虾生长及蛋白酶活力的影响.试验结果表明,当饲料蛋白质水平为31.86%、E/P为35.85 kJ/g时,克氏原螯虾生长最快.随着饲料蛋白质含的上升, 克氏原螯虾肠蛋白酶活力无显著变化(P＞0.05),肝胰脏、胃蛋白酶活力显著增强(P＜0.05);饲料E/P水平未引起胃、肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶活力的显著变化(P＞0.05),当饲料蛋白质水平为31.47%、E/P为40.42 kJ/g时,克氏原螯虾蛋白酶活力最高.     

隐蔽所对不同生长阶段克氏原螯虾生长的影响

将体质量0.527 g(幼虾)和6.100 g(亚成体虾)的克氏原螯虾饲养在底面积为113 cm^2 、高为12 cm的圆形塑料盒中,一组放入内径为1.9 cm的PVC管作为隐蔽所为隐蔽组,以不放PVC管为对照组,其他条件同隐蔽组,定期测量各组克氏原螯虾的体长、体质量增长量、存活率和蜕壳率等指标,研究隐蔽所对不同规格克氏原螯虾生长的影响。2个月的饲养结果显示,试验第1个月隐蔽组幼虾组体长增长、体长相对增长率、体质量增长及蜕壳量均显著大于对照组( P <0.05),第2个月两组各数据无显著差异( P >0.05);隐蔽组亚成体螯虾摄食量、体质量及蜕壳量均小于对照组。研究结果表明,隐蔽所在螯虾的早期生长阶段对其生长有促进作用,但随着螯虾体格的增大,隐蔽所的促进作用随之减弱,甚至最终抑制螯虾的生长。本研究围绕克氏原螯虾穴居的习性以及趋触性等行为的特点,为生产提供了合理建议。     

盐度对克氏原螯虾幼虾耗氧率和排氨率的影响

研究了不同盐度对克氏原螯虾幼虾耗氧率和排氨率的影响.试验用虾体长(3.13±0.30) cm,体质量(1.82±0.21) g.25 ℃条件下,试验设置盐度0、2、4、6、8、10、12七个梯度.结果表明,试验范围内,盐度为2时,克氏原螯虾幼虾的耗氧率与排氨率最低,表明幼虾对盐度调节的等渗点约为2.随着盐度升高,幼虾的耗氧率和排氨率上升,Tukey HSD test发现,对照组、2、4、6盐度组的耗氧率、排氨率差异不明显.盐度超过0～6时,幼虾的耗氧率、排氨率影响与对照组相比差异显著.     

克氏原螯虾PcCyc基因克隆及其对光周期的表达响应

利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术克隆克氏原螯虾生物钟核心基因之一的周期循环蛋白(CYC)基因(命名为PcCyc基因)的部分cDNA序列.取雄性克氏原螯虾(体长9～11 cm)在全光谱日光灯不同光周期下(12L:12D、0L:24D和0L:72D)培养结束后,于7:00、11:00、15:00、19:00、23:00、翌日0...     

Growth and survival of Procambarus acutus acutus (Girard, 1852) and P. clarkii (Girard, 1852) in competitive settings

Third‐instar young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) and juvenile Procambarus acutus acutus and P. clarkii stocked in aquaria, rice forage microcosms and a culture pond were evaluated in intraspecific‐ and interspecific‐competitive settings. Procambarus acutus acutus YOY, which were larger than P. clarkii YOY at stocking, grew and survived at significantly greater rates over fall‐, winter‐ and spring‐temperature courses in aquaria. Juvenile P. a. acutus starting an aquarium experiment with a mean total length (TL) size advantage survived at a significantly greater rate than P. clarkii juveniles. Growth rate of similar‐sized stocked P. a. acutus juvenile was significantly faster than that of P. clarkii juveniles in the same microcosms. Survival of juvenile P. clarkii in the microcosms with P. a. acutus was significantly less than when stocked alone. Estimated survival of 2200 P. a. acutus and 2200 P. clarkii YOY in a culture pond over a 174‐day grow‐out period was 84% and 57% respectively. Growth rate of these YOY P. a. acutus and P. clarkii was 0.48 and 0.40 mm TL day^?1. The body‐size advantage at hatching and through the faster growth of P. a. acutus was important in defining competitive interaction with P. clarkii.     

复方中草药对克氏原螯虾生长和脱壳的影响

研究了饲料中添加复方中草药(质量分数为1%,2%和4%)对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长和脱壳的影响。结果显示,添加复方中草药后,虾的脱壳周期缩短,脱壳死亡率和非脱壳死亡率均明显降低(P<0.05),但各中草药添加组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。三个剂量的复方中草药添加组均能不同程度地提高虾的脱壳数、成功脱壳数、硬壳虾重和软壳虾重,与未添加组相比差异显著(P<0.05),其中2%组增加最为显著,分别比对照组高出71.1%、103.2%、20.3%、10.0%。回归分析表明,克氏原螯虾的特定生长率达到最大值时的中草药添加质量分数为2.74%。试验表明克氏螯虾饲料中复方中草药水平以2%左右为宜。     

盐度对克氏原螯虾孵化率的影响

研究了不同盐度对克氏原螯虾受精卵孵化的影响.水温25 ℃条件下,盐度0～8时克氏原螯虾的受精卵均可孵出幼体.但以盐度0～4时孵化率较高,每个亲体平均孵出的幼体数量较多,高出此盐度范围时孵化率明显降低,且随着盐度升高,孵化时间延长.试验表明,0～4的盐度为克氏原螯虾孵化的适宜盐度,孵化率较高,孵化时间较短.     

亲缘关系对克氏原螯虾仔虾种内斗争的影响

将源于1、2、3、4尾雌虾的克氏原螯虾仔虾以4种方式混养,每个混养群体共有仔虾24尾,设3个重复。结果表明:亲缘关系对幼年螯虾种内斗争影响显著。随着仔虾来源的增多即亲缘关系复杂性的提高,螯虾的存活率总体呈下降趋势,而残虾率、体长变异系数、体长增长率总体上显著上升。     

克氏原螯虾丝氨酸蛋白酶类似物部分基因的克隆与鉴定

设计简并引物,PCR扩增了克氏原螯虾(Procam barus clarkii)丝氨酸蛋白酶类似物基因的部分序列,通过与GenBank登录的序列进行比对,结果显示该序列编码的氨基酸与其他物种的丝氨酸蛋白酶类似物氨基酸序列有较高的同源性。SMART软件分析发现其催化三联体结构中的丝氨酸被甘氨酸取代,不具备蛋白酶水解活性。     

克氏原螯虾烂尾病病原的分离鉴定及其相关特性分析

为研究克氏原螯虾烂尾病病原种类及其相关特性,从患病虾尾部病灶分离出2种具有不同菌落形态和色泽的代表菌株,分别编号LW2047-1和LW2047-2,经人工感染试验确定病原菌为菌株LW2047-2.对菌株LW2047-2进行细菌学观察,分析形态特征和生理生化特性,并对16S rRNA和gyrB基因测序分析,最终将其鉴定为...     

3种生境下克氏原螯虾与中华绒螯蟹竞争的研究

研究了洞穴、角落、空旷3种生境下,克氏原螯虾与中华绒螯蟹混养的存活率和残肢率,以探究两者的种间竞争情况;采集在室外池塘下,虾蟹混养和克氏原螯虾单养的克氏原螯虾收获量、回捕率,分析自然条件下两者的种间竞争情况。结果显示,混养时克氏原螯虾在洞穴型和空旷型生境下,存活率显著提高,残肢率显著下降;而中华绒螯蟹的存活率则显著下降,在洞穴型生境下残肢率显著提高;在角落型生境下,虾、蟹混养会导致克氏原螯虾存活率显著降低,对中华绒螯蟹的存活率无显著影响;在野外池塘条件下,虾蟹混养组最终的克氏原螯虾收获量和克氏原螯虾单养组并无显著性差异。