农业部第五期农民田间学校师资培训班在京开班

2010年12月21-30日,农业部在北京举办了第五期＂农民田间学校＂师资培训班,培训班学员全部是来自青海9个县的农技推广专业技术人员,共计40人。农民田间学校强调以农民为中心、以需求为导向、以现场为课堂、参与式培训、互动式学习的新型农技推广方法。     

石门县农民田间学校建设初探

农民田间学校为推动农业科技进村入户,探索基层农技推广机制创新,加快培养一支有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民队伍提供了重要舞台,对全面提升我县农民的生产经营能力,解决农业技术推广“最后一公里”、“最后一道坎”有着重要意义。介绍了石门县农民田间学校建设的目标任务、组织实施与保障方法及取得的成效。     

农民掌握水稻有害生物综防技能的培训研究

随着农业可持续发展战略的提出与实施，有害生物综合防治显得越来越重要。广大农民是有害生物综防的基层具体实施者，其对综防技能的掌握程度，是综防成败的关键。传统的室内农民培训方法显然已不适应。为了探索新的途径，1994～1997我们借鉴国外经验，结合国情，以举办农民田间学校方式，对农民掌握水稻有害生物综防技能进行培训，取得显著成效。现将有关结果报道如下。（－）基本信况1·1994～1997年先后在福建的同安、尤溪、浦城、古田、连城、莆田等6个县18个乡镇3O个村举办32期农民田间学校，受培训农民计891人，具有初中文化以上学员…     

寒地稻田养殖河蟹技术

介绍了齐齐哈尔市通过水田养蟹使农民增产增收,并重点阐述了蟹苗的引入、养蟹田间工程、蟹苗的暂养与放养、水稻栽培与管理、收获等技术要点。     

茶叶产业内部经营形式初探

实行农业生产责任制以后,农田都是一家一户单独经营的。在没进行种植业品种结构调整以前,田间作物以粮、油为主,农民基本上可以解决温饱问题。但是,农民的生活很难达到小康小平,农村的面貌很难有大的改变。上世纪九十年代初具规模,部分农民在     

寒地稻田养殖河蟹技术

介绍了齐齐哈尔市通过水田养蟹使农民增产增收，并重点阐述了蟹苗的引入、养蟹田间工程、蟹苗的暂养与放养、水稻栽培与管理、收获等技术要点。     

试论黑龙江省水稻生产与水资源持续利用的对策与建议

黑龙江省水稻面积的扩大,用水量增加,浪费现象严重,加剧了当地水资源紧缺的矛盾。本文从黑龙江省水资源概况、水稻发展及水稻用水现状出发,分析了黑龙江省水稻用水存在的问题,提出了"加强水利工程设施建设,强化农民节水意识,推广节水灌溉技术,挖掘田间节水潜力,稳步控制区域水稻种植面积"等保证黑龙江省水稻可持续发展的对策与建议。     

农业部部长韩长赋云南调研：打造茶叶特色品牌做大做强咖啡产业

4月11～15日，农业部部长韩长赋在云南调研时强调，各级农业部门要立足资源优势，积极发展高原特色农业。韩长赋先后来到西双版纳傣族自治州、普洱市、德宏傣族景颇族自治州的部分县市，深入田间地头、农业园区，与基层干部、科研人员、企业代表、农民群众等一起研究发展粮食生产、高原特色农业等工作。     

专家将室内讲座搬到了田间地头

7月5日自治区三农呼叫中心将专家对农民朋友现场室内讲座搬到了宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所高产试验区田间地头，由我区水稻著名专家王兴盛现场进行了“水稻优质高产栽培技术”讲座。     

宁化县稻鱼综合种养高产高效技术

宁化县稻渔综合种养坚持绿色发展理念,利用稻田生态系统的内部循环,充分发挥稻鱼互利共生的生态循环可持续农业.通过田间工程建设、水稻种植、鱼类养殖等配套技术的运用,合理提高了稻田的利用率,改善了水稻与鱼类的生长环境,具有"一田一水两用,一季一田双收"的显著优势,促进了农业增效和农民增收.     

Comparative analysis of local and improved practices used by farmer seed production schools in Vietnam

Farmer seed production schools in combination with participatory field experimentation might be effective instruments to enhance the skills of farmers to produce high-quality seed in the informal seed system in Vietnam. Four hundred twenty nine, unreplicated on-farm experiments were carried out in four different provinces and analyzed by the farmer seed production schools. These experiments consisted of two adjacent seed production plots: one with common local practice and one with improved practice. Differences between the two plots in yield and profit were assessed. Averaged across provinces, yields of the “improved practice plots” were 0.43 Mg ha⁻¹ higher in the wet season and 0.78 Mg ha⁻¹ higher in the dry season than the “local practice plots”. In the Nam Dinh and Nghe An provinces more hills per m², more input of potassium and muck, and fewer seedlings per hill at transplanting contributed to the higher yields in the “improved practice plots”. In the provinces Binh Dinh and Dong Thap, using a drum seeder for sowing, reduced seed rate, less input of nitrogen fertilizer and more potassium contributed to the yield advantage of the “improved practice plots”. The profit of the improved practice plots was 212 US$ ha⁻¹ higher than the profit in the local practice plots. Rice growers can benefit from lower seed rates, better yields and higher prices when grains are sold as seeds. These findings may direct the seed policies and extension approaches in Vietnam.     

生物有机肥在水稻上的应用效果

本文采用田间试验方法,研究了生物有机肥在水稻上的应用效果。结果表明:生物有机肥应用在水稻上,按HJ/T80—2001有机食品技术规范操作,667m2生产有机水稻537.8kg,农户增加经济效益155.14元。     

"十一五"期间提高大洼县农民收入的对策与途径

总结了农业发展单纯依靠农产品价格提高,农业结构不合理,农产品加工业落后,剩余劳动力较多等制约大洼县农民增收的主要因素,提出了加大农业结构调整力度,大力实施节水、节肥农业,做大做强企业,推进农民外出务工等增收的对策与途径,为大洼县“十一五”期间实现农民人均纯收入达6500元打下坚实基础。     

硝基双效肥对水稻产量、生产效益及节肥效果的影响

通过田间试验,研究了新型硝基双效肥对水稻产量、效益和节肥情况的影响。结果表明,在等养分条件下,硝基双效肥相比常规施肥处理增产0.38%,但与农民习惯施肥处理相比减产2.06%。方差分析结果表明,各处理产量差异均未达到显著水平。施用硝基双效肥处理与农民习惯施肥处理和常规肥料处理效益基本相当,但减肥效果比较明显,小区试验减少率为17.2%,示范对比减少率为24.3%。     

甘蔗蓟马防治技术研究及推广应用

针对当地甘蔗蓟马严重发生危害的现状,科研部门与企业合作,采用"公司+科研+农户"的模式,通过调查研究,田间试验,预测预报,技术培训,办中心样板,田间指导,采用农业和化学相结合的方法进行示范推广,总结出了一套行之有效的综合防治技术,并取得了较好的防治效果。     

Identification of different potential production areas for corn in Italy through multitemporal yield map analysis

In order to optimize production factors, farmer has to know production variability and its origin at both the farm level and the field level. Improving Nitrogen management for cereal crops, which need high amounts of the element during the whole production cycle requires, as precision agriculture states, that within-field variability is accurately identified and interpreted. This is particularly difficult in those situations where agronomically significant variability is detected and even in small fields, as is generally the situation in some European countries.     

Pearl Millet Developed Deep Roots and Changed Water Sources by Competition with Intercropped Cowpea in the Semiarid Environment of Northern Namibia

abstract

The practice of intercropping pearl millet with cowpea is widespread among subsistence farmers in northern Namibia. In this region, the scarce and erratic rainfall may enhance competition for the limited soil water between intercropped plants. Trials were conducted on a field of the University of Namibia (on-station) and on a farmer’s field (off-station) to determine the effects of competition between pearl millet and cowpea on the water sources and plant growth of each crop. The deuterium analysis showed that pearl millet, intercropped with cowpea, significantly increased its dependence on the recently supplied labeled irrigation water. Intercropped cowpea also showed an increased trend of the dependence but it was not statistically significant. At the university field, intercropped pearl millet showed higher dependence on the irrigation water than monocropped pearl millet. At the farmer’s field, the dependence of intercropped pearl millet on the irrigation water was low in the pearl millet-dominant zone. In contrast, the dependence on the irrigation water was high in the cowpea-dominant zone, indicating that the dependence on the irrigation water changes according to the size of the pearl millet canopy. The water sources of cowpea did not show a significant difference at either pearl millet-dominant or cowpea-dominant zone, indicating a stable water uptake trend under competitive conditions. Competition with cowpea significantly increased the root-weight density of intercropped pearl millet in the deep soil layers, but decreased that in the shallow layers. The root-weight density of intercropped cowpea, however, was reduced in most of the soil layers. In conclusion, cowpea has a higher ability to acquire existing soil water, forcing pearl millet to develop deep roots and shift to the surface irrigation water.     

Spatial analysis of forage parameters using geographic information system and image-analysis techniques

In efficient agricultural systems high production and high quality is expected throughout the year, but spatial and seasonal variation of biophysical variables can have a significant impact on the yield and quality of production. The yield and quality component of a forage field was monitored using statistical and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. The display of yield and forage quality in a spatial context proved to be very useful to the farmer since it allowed him to determine where in the field he obtained the best and worst production and whether such performance was consistent over the entire growing season. GIS is considered a new management tool that allows the spatial evaluation and presentation of production information in a new and innovative manner. Examples are provided to assist farmers in production accounting, to determine cause and effect relationships between management and production, to forecast production and to modify management to account for differences within the field.     

不同肥料运筹对稻田套播油菜生长发育及产量的影响

为给稻田套播油菜高产高效栽培提供配套简化配方施肥技术,于2012～2014年在江西进行大田试验,以常规施肥为对照,采用配方施肥、控氮配方施肥处理,研究不同施肥技术对稻田套播油菜生长发育、主要经济性状、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明：配方施肥和控氮配方施肥对套播油菜个体生长、经济性状、产量及构成、经济效应有较大影响,各方面指标普遍优于传统农民习惯施肥。从实际出发,配方施肥技术可在套播油菜中推广应用。     

水稻机插专业化服务发展模式与机制探索

基于高邮市农村劳动力输出、种田人手不足的特点,我们对推进专业服务化组织、农民合作社组织,特别水稻机插专业化服务组织的发展模式进行了探索,确保水稻增产和粮食安全,有力地促进了机械化轻简化高产栽培技术的推广应用。