杂交中稻川优651在建阳种植表现及高产栽培技术

川优651系南平市农科所用自主选育的恢复系南恢651与四川省农科院作物所选育的不育系川香29A配组育成的籼型杂交中稻新品种,于2011年通过福建省农作物品种审定。总结了川优651在建阳2a试种表现及高产栽培技术。     

杂交稻新品种川优651在延平区试种表现及高产栽培技术

川优651系福建省南平市农业科学研究所选育的杂交籼稻新品种,具有高产稳产、适应性广、抗逆性强等特性。介绍了川优651在南平延平区作中稻种植的产量表现及特征特性,总结了其高产栽培技术。     

杂交水稻圣丰2优651制种技术

圣丰2优651系福建省南平市农业科学研究所配组育成的三系杂交中稻新品种,具有高产稳产、熟期适中、适应性广、转色好等特点,2012年通过国家农作物品种审定。介绍了圣丰2优651双亲特征特性及制种技术。     

香型杂交水稻新组合川优12号高产制种技术

根据川优12号父母本特征特性,结合川优12号制种实践,总结出高产制种技术。     

优质杂交水稻川优6203高产制种技术

川优6203是四川省农业科学院作物研究所以优质不育系川106A与抗病恢复系成恢3203配组育成的优质高产香型杂交水稻新组合,根据亲本的生育特征和开花习性,结合5 a制种实践,总结了川优6203的高产制种技术。     

杂交水稻新组合川香优569高产制种技术

川香优569是贵州省水稻研究所选育的中籼迟熟杂交水稻新组合,具有高产、抗病、抗倒伏、适应性广等特点,2014年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定。根据川香优569亲本特征特性及多年制种经验,总结了其高产制种技术。     

杂交水稻新组合川优673高产制种技术

川优673是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所用引进的优质三系不育系川香29A与自选的强恢复系福恢673配组育成的三系杂交中籼稻新组合。2005—2008年在福建省沙县制种,平均产量为4.17t/hm2,最高产量可达4.53t/hm2。介绍了川优673亲本的特征特性,结合在福建省沙县多年制种实践,总结了其高产制种技术。     

杂交水稻新品种川优2189高产制种技术

川优2189是用川香29A与高配合力恢复系福恢2189配组育成的杂交晚稻新品种。经4 a在福建沙县、海南三亚进行制种高产技术研究,平均产量达3 900 kg/hm2,最高产量可达5 250 kg/hm2。文章介绍了川优2189亲本的特征特性,总结了其高产制种技术。     

201O年武夷山市中稻新品种对比试验初报

对3个中稻新品种与对照Ⅱ优明86采取随机排列的方法进行品种对比试验，结果表明全优3301、川优651、赣优明占都适宜在武夷山市中稻区作中稻种植，其中以全优3301最抗倒伏。     

杂交稻新品种川优651的选育及应用

川优651为福建省南平市农业科学研究所用自主选育的强优恢复系南恢651,与从四川引进的不育系川香29A配组杂交选育而成的新品种。2008—2009年参加省中稻B组区试产量表现突出,2011年通过了福建省品种审定。田间种植表现茎秆粗壮,植株整齐度好,穗头大,籽粒多而饱满,杂交优势明显。全生育期在145 d左右,米质优于对照种Ⅱ优明86,适宜在福建省稻瘟病轻发区域作中稻种植。     

杂交稻新品种泸优637高产制种技术

介绍了杂交稻新品种泸优637高产制种技术：制种基地选择与隔离，合理安排父母本播种差期，构建父母本高产群体，采取综合措施提高异交结实率，严格去杂去劣，做好病虫防治，确保种子质量。     

杂交稻低播量精量播种育秧及机插取秧特性

【目的】明确杂交稻70 g以下低播量精量穴播和条播对育秧效果及机插特性的影响,突破生产中杂交稻机插的技术瓶颈。【方法】以中浙优1号和甬优1540两个杂交稻品种为材料,利用机插标准9寸盘,设置机械穴播和条播两个精量播种方式,并以机械流水线撒播为对照,穴播规格为16(纵向)×34(横向)穴,条播为纵向16条,以穴播5粒、3粒及2粒的播种量进行播种试验。考查了低播量下不同播种方式对秧苗生长影响及配套取秧效果【结果】1)低播量下不同播种方式对秧苗成苗率的影响不大。2)降低播种量提高秧苗生长一致性,且穴播和条播秧苗生长一致性好于撒播。3)与撒播相比,精量穴播和条播能够在低播量下提高秧苗根系盘结力和成毯性,中浙优1号和甬优1540根系盘结力比撒播平均高75.4%和81.0%,播量每穴3粒时即能有效成毯,穴播和条播差异不大。4)精量穴播和条播能够显著降低低播量下机插漏秧率,中浙优1号和甬优1540机插漏秧率平均分别比撒播低76.3%和74.6%,穴播和条播下,两个品种每穴播量3粒的漏秧率均在1%以下,与撒播相比降幅在10个百分点以上。5)精量穴播和条播机插取秧苗数均匀度比撒播要好,两个品种预期取秧2~5苗(5粒)、1~3苗(3粒)和1~2苗(2粒)比例均达80%以上,中浙优1号和甬优1540机插苗数均匀度平均比撒播高121.2%和67.0%,其中,穴播机插取秧苗数均匀度及预期取秧苗数比例高于条播。【结论】精量穴播和条播可以解决目前杂交稻机插用种量大、漏秧率高和机插取秧苗数均匀度差的问题。     

Characteristics of Seedling Raising and Mechanized Transplanting of Hybrid Rice with a Low Seeding Rate by Precise Seeding Method

【Objective】 The purpose of the study is to ascertain the effect of precise hill-sowing and drill-sowing methods on seedling raising and the characteristics of mechanized transplanting of hybrid rice with a low seed sowing rate below 70 g, and to further break the current technical bottleneck in mechanized transplanting process of hybrid rice. 【Method】 In this study, Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 were mechanically hill-sowed and drill-sowed in standard seedling raising trays with mechanized broadcasting as the control. The hill-sowing specification was 16×34 hill, and 16 drills were set in longitudinal direction for drill sowing. The seed sowing rates were 5 seeds, 3 seeds, and 2 seeds per hill for hill sowing, and the same seed rates were set in drill sowing. The effects of different sowing methods on the growth of seedlings and their mechanical transplanting characteristics were investigated. 【Results】 1) Sowing methods presented no significant effect on seedling percentage with a reduction in seeding rate. 2) A reduction in seeding rate improved rice seedling consistency, especially in hill sowing and drill sowing as compared with broadcasting. 3) In comparison with seed broadcasting, under hill seeding and drill seeding, seedling roots were more entwined as seedling mats. Under hill-sowing and drill sowing, Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 had 75.4% and 81.0% higher intertwining force than that of broadcasting, respectively. Precise hill- and drill-sowing generated effective seedling blanket without significant difference between the two treatments, while broadcast sowing did not. 4) Hill sowing and drill sowing significantly reduced the missed hill percent of machine transplanting. The missed hill percent of Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 under hill sowing and drill sowing were 76.3% and 74.6% lower than that of broadcast sowing in average, respectively. The missed hill percent for hill-seeding and drill-seeding with 3 seeds per hill was below 1%, 10% lower than that of broadcast sowing. 5) The uniformity of machine-transplanted seedling under hill sowing and drill sowing were better than that of broadcast sowing. And the proportion of the treatments with expected seedling-catching number in mechanized transplanting (2 to 5 seedlings with 5 seeds per hill, 1 to 3 seedlings with 3 seeds per hill and 1 to 2 seedlings with 2 seeds per hill) for the two cultivars were all above 80% in hill-sowing and drill-sowing in combination with machine transplanting, and the seedling uniformity of machine-transplanted Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 was 121.2% and 67.0% higher than that under broadcast sowing. Meanwhile hill sowing had a better result than drill sowing. 【Conclusion】 Precision hill seeding and drill seeding provide an alternative measure to current problems such as large amount of seeds, high missed hill percent and uneven seedling taking in the process of machine transplanting of rice.     

杂交水稻机械化制种现状与技术突破

杂交水稻为保障我国乃至世界粮食安全做出了重大贡献。目前我国杂交水稻种植面积呈下降趋势,究其原因,主要是较高的用种成本限制了其可持续发展。传统的杂交水稻种子生产方式已难以满足当前水稻轻简化栽培的需求,实现杂交水稻种子由劳动密集型生产方式向机械化生产方式转型是降低制种成本的一条理想途径。本文对杂交水稻机械化制种的研究进展进行了综述,分析了杂交水稻机械化制种面临的难题,结合多年的研究实践,提出了解决杂交水稻机械化制种难题的技术途径,并对杂交水稻机械化制种的发展前景进行了展望。     

杂交水稻机械化制种的技术探索与实践

居高不下的杂交水稻制种成本已经成为制约杂交稻推广应用的主要因素之一。本文详细地分析了国内外杂交水稻机械化制种的现状,总结机械化制种存在的困难和问题,针对我国当前形势和耕作制度的特点,结合多年育种实践,提出了通过培育小粒型不育系,利用不育系与恢复系种子粒型（主要是粒厚）的显著差异,实现父母本混播混收、收获后机械分离获得杂交种子的全程机械化制种设想。提出了适合机械化制种的小粒不育系应具备的性状特征。按此设想,笔者团队选育出了综合性状优良的小粒型不育系卓201S、南3502S、展998S等,并配组了系列高产、优质的杂交稻组合卓两优581、卓两优141、南两优1998等,成功实现这些杂交稻的高效机械化制种。卓201S等小粒型不育系及其系列杂交组合的育成,是杂交水稻机械化制种品种选育的重大突破。     

杂交水稻亲本混播机械化制种研究进展

混播制种是指将杂交水稻的父母本种子混合播种,通过物理或化学方法将收获的种子区分杂交种和父本种的制种方式,是杂交水稻制种技术的发展方向之。综述了杂交水稻父母本混播制种的研究动态,提出选育大、小粒型亲本,实行父母本机械混播混收全程机械化制种,通过物理方法筛选分离杂交种子与父本种子的设想。