秸秆还田对土壤养分及土壤微生物数量的影响

为探明秸秆还田后土壤养分及土壤微生物数量的变化情况,通过田间试验,研究了秸秆还田对小麦-玉米轮作体系中土壤养分及土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明：秸秆还田可以增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤养分库容,增加土壤中细菌、真菌及放线菌数量。50%秸秆还田、100%秸秆还田、150%秸秆还田条件下,土壤有机质增幅为0.02~0.04个百分点,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别增加6.64~9.00、3.37~4.07、10.33~19.00 mg/kg。不同秸秆还田量增加土壤微生物丰富度,细菌、真菌、放线菌增幅分别为2.2×10⁸个/g~3.1×10⁸个/g、0.5×10⁶个/g ~3.5×10⁶个/g、1.3×10⁷个/g ~1.9×10⁷个/g。但过量秸秆还田不利于农田生产力。     

CO_2浓度增加对小麦和玉米品质影响的实验研究

通过 3种 CO2 浓度 ( 70 0× 10 -6、 50 0× 10 -6、 350× 10 -6)模拟实验表明 :CO2 浓度增加使小麦籽粒的蛋白质、赖氨酸、脂肪含量增高 ,淀粉含量下降 ,品质得到提高 ;玉米则相反 ,其蛋白质、赖氨酸、脂肪含量随 CO2 浓度升高而减少 ,淀粉含量略有增高 ,品质有所下降。 70 0× 10 -6的小麦籽粒粗蛋白、赖氨酸、粗脂肪、粗淀粉比 350× 10 -6分别增长 3.0 %、 3.0 %、 8.5%和 - 2 .3% ,玉米增长- 7.5%、 - 10 .5%、 - 3.7%和 0 .6% ;50 0× 10 -6小麦分别增长 4 .4 %、 9.1%、 11.3%和 - 1.7% ;玉米增长 - 5.0 %、 - 5.3%、 - 4 .0 %和 2 .6%     

CO_2浓度增加对C_3、C_4作物生理特性影响的实验研究

通过对 C3小麦、大豆、大白菜和 C4 玉米在不同 CO2 浓度 ( 350× 10 -5、 50 0× 10 -6、 60 0×10 -6、 70 0× 10 -6)条件下的生长模拟实验和生理特性研究表明 ,CO2 浓度增加 ,促使作物光合速率增长 ,光合时间略有延长 ,光补偿点明显下降 ,蒸腾系数减小 ,叶气温差增大 ,叶温升高。 70 0× 10 -6和50 0× 10 -6比 350× 10 -6小麦光合速率分别增长 30 .7%和 11.7% ,大豆增长 63.4 %和 4 2 .7% ,大白菜增长 68.0 %和 39.0 % ,玉米增长 15.7%和 4 .7% ,C3作物比 C4 反应明显 ;蒸腾系数小麦下降 14.3%和 7.7% ,大白菜下降 2 7.1%和 2 3.1% ,玉米下降 16.8%和 10 .4 %     

植物生长调节剂多效唑对甜樱桃树的化学控制效应

对三个甜樱桃品种二年生幼树叶面喷施多效效62.5×10~(-6),125×10~(-6),250×10~(-6),500×10~(-6),1000×10~(-6),及土施0.1,0.3,0.5,1.0,1.5g/m~2.结果表明,125×10~(-6)以上的浓度都强烈地抑制树体营养生长.土施后第二年仍能很强地抑制枝条生长,而且明显地促进花芽形成,加速了花芽形态分化的进程.但过高剂量使促花作用减弱.叶面喷施的植株.在施后的第二年,不再有抑制生长的效果,其补偿生长量随施用浓度的加大而增加.B 92000×10~(-6)当年也有明显的抑制效应,但低于250×10~(-6)多效唑的控制量.     

Service Life Prediction of Lining Concrete for Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel

Jiaozhou Bay subsea tunnel is the second self built tunnel in China with the designed service life over 100 years. On the basis of service environment of subsea tunnel concrete and the durability experiments of concretes, the service life prediction model considering chloride diffusion, carbonation and bending loading was proposed. The key durability coefficient of lining concrete in subsea tunnel was investigated. And the function of chloride diffusion coefficient and rebound strength of concrete was proposed. Moreover, the chloride content in concrete varied with service time and the service life of lining concrete for subsea tunnel was predicted with the proposed service life prediction model. It was found that the value of varied cover thickness was from -4(6) to 15 mm. The chloride diffusion coefficient mean value of lining concrete in standard curing was 2.1(2.7)×10-12m2/s. And the initial chloride content in concrete was less than 0.35kg/m3. The relationship between chloride diffusion coefficient and rebound strength could be regressed to linear relationship, and the calculated chloride diffusion coefficient of lining concrete was varied from 1.5×10-12m2/s to 3.5×10-12m2/s. The predicted service life of lining concrete for Jiaozhou bay subsea tunnel was more than 100 years according to proposed model.     

Energy saving effect analysis of water system renovation in a coking plant

A coking plant extended many times, and its capacity of the cooling water system is not match with it, the consumption of new water is much more than that used by others in the same industry. The water system renovation is addressed for an extended coking plant. The installation of two 600 m3/h cooling towers and restoration the existing two cooling towers are to promote the cooling capacity so that the amount of discharge and feed could be reduced. At the same time, the pipe net for waste water reutilisation is installed, by which part of the waste water is reused as supplement water for quenching hot coke and the other was piped to ironworks for reuse. With the field test, the water consumption per ton of coke production is cut down from 9.03 m3 to 3.21 m3. And the annual water saving is more than 6×106 m3. Furthermore, the electric consumption is reduced by 2×106 kWh and about 3×106 yuan of annual running cost is saved.     

Heat transfer performance of heat pipe rotating about parallel axes

We conducted an experimental study of heat pipe rotating about parallel axes. The entire pin fin of non contact thermal resistance was used in the cooling section of the heat pipes. The experimental liquid filled volume range from 10% to 25%, and heat flux density range was 7×103W/m2 to 5.3×104 W/m2. A cooling current of air was formed by the heat pipe rotation. The Reynolds number range was 2.3×103 to 1.2×104. The experimental results indicate that the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe was the best when liquid filled volume reached 20%. The heat transfer capability strengthened gradually along with the increasing rotational speed. The change of the heat power had little impact on the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe. It was found that the absorption liquid core was of little use to the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe. Under the same conditions, the heat transfer performance of the parallel rotating heat pipe was 1.5 times that of co axial rotating heat pipe.     

IBDV单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其应用

用经硫酸铵沉淀、高速离心并用蔗糖密度梯度离心提纯的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)免疫BALB/C小鼠.取免疫鼠脾细胞与NS—1小鼠骨髓瘤细胞触合,共获11株阳性杂交瘤细胞.经3次克隆化和ELISA检测,筛选出3个(1B_1、5D_6、6D_8)能持续分泌抗IBDV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株.细胞上清液的ELISA效价为1B_1,3.2×10~(-2);5D_6,6.4×10~(-2);6D_8,3.2×10~(-2).腹水效价为1B_1,1.6×10~(-5);5D_6,8×10~(-4);6D_8,4×10~(-3).3株杂交瘤细胞的染色体数分别为105(1B_1),97(5D_6),85(6D_8).它们所产生的单抗皆为IgG1,所对抗的抗原决定簇不相同.3株McAb皆有沉淀特性.利用间接ELISA抑制试验,在诊断中进行了应用.     

硅藻土/纤维素复合助滤剂在微污染原水处理中的应用

以硅藻土和纤维素为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出了新型硅藻土/纤维素复合助滤剂,探究了各种制备条件对助滤剂的影响,并在高岭土悬浊液中对硅藻土、纤维素和硅藻土/纤维素的助滤性能进行了比较,同时研究了硅藻土/纤维素助滤剂对实际微污染水过滤的影响。研究结果表明:复合助滤剂的最佳制备条件为纤硅比0.67,氨水浓度5.0×10^-4mol/L,蒸馏水/纤维素40 mL/g,EtOH/硅藻土20 mL/g,60℃恒温水浴;硅藻土/纤维素复合助滤剂的助滤性能要明显优于硅藻土和纤维素助滤剂;在微污染原水直接过滤过程中,投加硅藻土/纤维素助滤剂可提高各微污染物的去除率,结合微滤膜深度处理工艺,最终出水水质满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)的要求。     

各地苗木市场价格

江苏南京2005年10月19日品名四季桂雪松月季发财树红枫巴西木杜鹃规格(cm)G280×H300G350×H400×D7G25×H25G80×H120H200G60×H120G20-30单价(元/株或盆)350.065.04.060.0120.065.02.0成都温江2005年10月19日品名桂花(八月桂)紫薇广玉兰银杏红叶李黄花槐灰木莲贴梗海棠天竺桂杜英规格(cm)φ4-8,树干端直,树冠丰满φ3-6,树干端直φ3-6,树干端直,树冠丰满φ4-10,树干端直φ2-4,树干端直φ2-4,树干端直φ4-8,树干端直,树冠丰满φ2-4,高180-250φ3-8,树干端直,树冠丰满φ3-6,树干端直,树冠丰满单价(元/株)140.0-1200.013.0-250.025.0-18…     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.