植酸酶和酸化剂对断奶仔猪日粮消化率和生产性能的影响

试验选用30日龄断奶的杜洛克×长白×上海白猪仔猪40头,以玉米-豆粕-鱼粉型日粮饲喂,进行为期40d的饲养试验,植酸酶组日粮添加植酸酶(125g/t),酸+酶组同时添加复合酸(3kg/t)和植酸酶(125g/t).结果表明,两试验组的蛋白质消化率分别比对照组提高了4.55%和6.72%(P<0.05),有机物质消化率分别高出对照组8.25%和7.62%(P<0.05);日粮中同时添加植酸酶和复合酸可提高断奶仔猪平均日增重7.7%,降低料肉比10.9%.日粮中添加植酸酶和酸化剂对断奶仔猪的生产性能有明显的改善作用,可降低粪中钙和磷的排泄量.     

日粮中添加柠檬酸对断奶仔猪的影响

我国大多数规模化养猪场对仔猪进行了早期断奶，断奶日龄一般为28d或35d。但早期断奶也给仔猪带来食欲差、消化不良、饲料利用率低、抗病力下降、腹泻等后果，最终导致生长受到抑制。在仔猪日粮中添加酸化剂，是克服仔猪早期断奶综合症的主要措施之一。此次试验通过在仔猪日粮中添加不同浓度的柠檬酸，来观察其对断奶仔猪的生长速度、饲料利用率以及腹泻的影响。     

日粮中添加酸化剂对断奶仔猪的影响

选择２８ 日龄断奶仔猪６４ 头，就不同的酸化剂对其生产性能、腹泻率的影响作了试验研究。试验结果，柠檬酸组、乳香酸组和得卡肥组与对照组相比，仔猪日增重分别提高了１３－４２％ 、１７－８１ ％ 、１５－８１％ ；饲料报酬分别提高了５－９５％ 、９－７３ ％ 、９－７３％ ；腹泻率分别降低了７１－３０％ 、８７－０２％ 、８３－３３％ 。结果表明，３ 种酸化剂对提高仔猪的生产性能均有效果，尤以复合酸化剂类———乳香酸、得卡肥显著。     

饲料酸化剂在早期断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

目前,在养猪生产中为了最大限度地提高母猪的繁殖力和利用强度,对仔猪普遍实行早期断奶,断奶日龄由过去的60日龄提前到25～35日龄。但仔猪早期断奶后往往会出现消化不良、饲料利用率低、生长迟缓、抗病力差等现象,其最直接     

复合酸化剂在断奶仔猪日粮中应用的研究进展

酸化剂在调节仔猪机体代谢和营养保健方面有显著效果,随着研究的深入,酸化剂的作用形式发生了很大变化,从有机酸到无机酸,从单一酸到复合酸,生产工艺也逐渐改善。文章主要综述了复合酸化剂发展概况、种类、在断奶仔猪生产中应用的效果及其影响因素。     

复合酸化剂在断奶仔猪日粮中应用的研究进展

酸化剂在调节仔猪机体代谢和营养保健方面有显著效果,随着研究的深入,酸化剂的作用形式发生了很大变化,从有机酸到无机酸,从单一酸到复合酸,生产工艺也逐渐改善。文章主要综述了复合酸化剂发展概况、种类、在断奶仔猪生产中应用的效果及其影响因素。     

高锌加酸化剂日粮对断奶仔猪腹泻效果试验

将２８窝２８２头断奶仔猪随机分在四组：１组每千克日粮中添加锌２０００ｍｇ,２组添加柠檬酸１０ｇ,３组添加锌２００ｍｇ和柠檬酸１０ｇ,对照组喂基础日粮作添加高锌和有机酸对断奶仔猪腹泻效果试验。结果表明：腹泻率加锌２０００ｍｇ和柠檬酸１０ｇ组比对照组下降３６．９％,差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）;同时高锌对提高断奶仔猪生产性能和减少腹泻有明显作用,高锌加酸化剂日粮对防制断奶仔猪腹泻有协同作用。     

断奶仔猪饲粮添加复合酸化剂的增重效果

仔猪4～5周龄断奶在生产中已普遍使用，但由于受饲料、环境等因素的影响，很容易发生以断奶腹泻为主要特征的断奶综合性疾病，给养猪生产造成较大的损失。根据断奶仔猪生理特点，在仔猪饲粮中添加酸化剂，防止腹泻发生和提高增重效果已有不少报道，但效果不甚一致。为了进一步验证其饲喂效果，并探讨最佳添加量，结合生产安排进行了断奶仔猪饲粮添加酸化剂的对比试验。     

不同酸化剂在早期断奶仔猪日粮中应用试验

我国大多数规模养猪场对仔猪实行早期断奶,断奶日龄一般为28日龄或35日龄,但早期断奶也给仔猪带来食欲差、消化不良、饲料利用率低、抗病力下降、腹泻等后果。克服仔猪早期断奶综合症的主要措施之一,就是在仔猪日粮中添加酸化剂。本试验通过在日粮中添加不同的酸化剂来观察对断奶仔猪生长速度、饲料利用率以及腹泻的影响,验证天力酸等酸化剂的使用效果。     

饲喂苜蓿干草对越冬母羊体质量增加及日粮消化率的影响

本研究分析饲喂苜蓿（Medicago sativa）干草对越冬母羊体质量增加和日粮消化率的影响。从5组（SA1、SA2、SA3、SA4、SA5）暖季放牧母羊中各选取18只健康母羊,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组9只,对照组和试验组平均体质量差异不显著（P＞0.05）。对照组不使用苜蓿干草,试验组中苜蓿干草占日粮干物质的比例为11.4%～17.1%。结果表明,SA2、SA3、SA5试验组使用苜蓿干草提高日粮粗蛋白含量并保持适宜的能量蛋白比[消化能（MJ）∶粗蛋白（g）为（1.06~1.08）∶10],可使越冬母羊不掉膘并降低日粮成本。试验组日粮的粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维消化率均高于对照组,而干物质消化率均低于对照组。     

能量对低出生体重仔猪死亡率、断奶重和初乳摄入量的影响

文章探讨了能量补充对低出生体重仔猪的死亡率、断奶体重、日增重及初乳摄入量的影响。处理组选择22头母猪所产的306头活仔猪,其中极低出生体重(<1 kg)72头,低出生体重(1~1.2 kg)77头,分别于出生时和出生后8~12 h口服能量补充剂。对照组选择24头母猪所产的340头活仔猪,其中极低出生体重81头,低出生体重74头。结果显示:能量补充较对照组显著降低了极低出生重仔猪哺乳3 d的死亡率(P <0.05),有降低低出生重仔猪死亡率的趋势(P=0.07)。总的来说,能量补充剂有降低仔猪哺乳3 d死亡率的趋势(P=0.06)。能量补充较对照组对极低出生重仔猪哺乳7和21 d存活优势率显著提高了4.04和3.59倍(P <0.05)。对照组较处理组显著提高了仔猪的断奶重(P <0.05)。对照组与处理组对仔猪的日增重、初乳摄入量及出生产量的影响均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。处理组母猪初乳产量在数值上比对照组低(P> 0.05),但处理组母猪初乳产量均匀性在数值上较对照组好。综上所述,能量补充通过为极低出生体重仔猪直接提供能量而不是通过提高初乳的摄入量来降低其断奶前的死亡率。     

断奶仔猪日粮中添加加酶益生素的效果

文章介绍了关于益生素的基本内容及加酶益生素对断奶仔猪产生的影响,并针对断奶仔猪生产性能进行了对照试验,进行了使用加酶益生素饲喂断奶仔猪的试验。通过在基础日粮中添加加酶益生素比较其对断奶仔猪的生长性能、腹泻及料重比的影响。试验选用了体质健康的28日龄断奶仔猪40头,随机分成两组,Ⅰ组(试验组)20头,Ⅱ组(对照组)20头。Ⅰ组在基础日粮中添加0.4%的加酶益生素,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮,研究加酶益生素对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:Ⅰ组仔猪63日龄时的平均体重为16.8kg,腹泻的发生率为2.9%;Ⅱ组仔猪63日龄时的平均体重为15.4kg,腹泻发生率为18.3%。     

Influence of porcine coat colour genotypes on haematological parameters, piglet birth weight and body weight gain until weaning

Two F2 generations of an intercross between Hampshire boars and Hungarian Large White sows were produced to estimate the effects of the porcine KIT genotypes (II, Ii and ii) on quantitative and qualitative haematological indices, on piglet birth weight and growth performance until weaning. Piglets carrying the I allele had significantly fewer lymphocytes (p = 0.041) than the ii homozygotes, heterozygotes had measures between the two homozygotes. KIT genotypes did not influence white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrite. II genotype piglets were significantly lighter at birth than the ones carrying the recessive i allele, the effect of KIT genotypes on gain until weaning was not significant, but II piglets tended to gain less. The results of this study support the hypothesis of M. Johansson, H. Ellegren, L. Marklund, U. Gustavsson, E. Ringmar‐Cederberg, K. Andersson, I. Edfors‐Lilja and L. Andersson [(1992) Genomics, 14 , 965] that the pleiotrophic effect of the porcine KIT mutations on haematopoietic cells must be mild.     

饲用甜高粱对绵羊体重和养分消化率的影响

本文采用单因素随机试验设计的方法,选择8月龄左右的道赛特母羊51只,随机分为3组,试验期为35d,研究饲用甜高梁对绵羊体重和能量、蛋白质及脂肪消化率的影响.各组精料相同,粗料中分别含有100%饲用甜高粱(A)、50%饲用甜高粱+50%青干草(B)和100%青干草(对照组).结果表明:试验A、B组绵羊的平均日增重和能量的消化率与对照组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),而日粮中粗蛋白质的消化率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).试验A组绵羊对日粮中粗脂肪的消化率显著高于对照组(P＜O.05).说明绵羊对饲用甜高粱粗蛋白质的利用率较低,实践中应限量饲用.     

Effects of regrouping, feeding and drinking methods on weight gain of weaned piglets

The effects of alterations in regrouping, feeding and drinking practices were examined on a pig farm to improve animal welfare and productivity. Weaned at 35 days of age, 720 piglets were randomly assigned to 24 groups of 30 piglets in a factorial design with three factors. During the next 55 days they were regrouped once, twice or not regrouped at all, had nipple drinkers or a water trough and had 3, 6 or 10 cm trough length per animal and four meals a day or 3 cm trough length per animal and six daily meals. Simple factorial ANOVA revealed that the piglets grew very highly significantly (p < 0.001) faster if they were not regrouped, drank from water troughs and had sufficient trough length available, however, increased feeding frequency partially compensated for shorter trough length. Similar analysis of the ranges of body weights within groups showed similar, yet less significant effects in the opposite direction, i.e. where pigs grew faster there tended to be also less weight difference. It is concluded that avoidance of mixing and undisturbed, easy access to food and water is beneficial to both the welfare of the pigs as well as their productivity.     

Effects of sex and age on behavior and weight gain in beef calves after abrupt weaning

The effects of weaning on beef calves of different ages were investigated. Forty male and 40 female calves were either weaned at 6 (W6, n = 40) or 8 (W8, n = 40) months of age. The vocalization activity and behaviors (feeding, lying and standing/walking) were observed during the first 3 days following weaning. Body weight was recorded at 6 and 8 months and 2 weeks following weaning. W6 animals vocalized more often than W8 calves and females more than males on day 1 (P < 0.05). The vocalization activity decreased at a higher rate in W8 than in W6 from days 1 to 3. On day 2, W6 calves spent less time lying and more standing/walking than W8 calves (P < 0.05). The behaviors did not differ between males and females. The average daily gain after weaning did not differ between weaning ages (P > 0.05), but W8 calves gained more from 6 to 8 months of age. In conclusion, weaning distress was more pronounced in W6 than in W8 calves. W8 calves also had a superior growth performance during 6 to 8 months of age. The effect of the calves' sex was less pronounced. Therefore, it is recommended to wean beef calves later than 6 months of age.     

葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响

本试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选择60只3月龄左右杜寒F₁代公羔进行试验,测定不同水平葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响。本试验设4个饲粮处理组,每个处理15个重复,每个重复一只羊,Ⅰ为基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ处理组为饲粮中分别含有8%,16%和24%的葡萄渣,缩合单宁(condensed tannins,CT)含量分别为0,1.5,3.0和4.5 g/kg。结果表明,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组羔羊日采食量、日增重、胴体重、屠宰率和胴体脂肪含量都显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),N表观存留率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),但Ⅰ组羔羊的酸性洗涤纤维和N表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组羔羊的饲料转化率显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),净肉率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)。随着CT含量的增加,羔羊的N、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率逐渐降低,N的表观存留率逐渐升高,综合考虑羔羊日增重、饲料转化率、屠宰性能和养分利用率等指标,饲粮中葡萄渣以8%~16%为宜。     

仔猪断奶应激对肠道功能和组织结构影响的研究

为了研究仔猪断奶应激对肠道功能和组织结构的影响,试验选择不同抗应激能力的莱芜猪和杜长大(DLY)商品仔猪各10头作为研究对象,分别于断奶前1周(21 d)、断奶当天(28 d)、断奶后1 d(29 d)、断奶后1周(35 d)、断奶后2周(42 d)5个阶段,测定十二指肠和空肠的消化酶活性、肠绒毛组织发育的变化。试验结果表明,两品种仔猪断奶后1周莱芜猪胰蛋白酶含量和活性比杜长大仔猪分别高81.48%(P<0.01)和21.44%(P<0.01);两品种仔猪的十二指肠肠绒毛长度在断奶后1周都比断奶前变短(P<0.05),断奶后1周莱芜猪的十二指肠和空肠肠绒毛长度比杜长大分别长73.62%(P<0.01)和65.63%(P<0.01)。莱芜猪比杜长大有更高的消化酶活性和肠道组织修复能力,具有更强的抗断奶应激的能力。