倍半萜类抗癌抑制剂的定量构效关系研究

对具有抑制人早幼粒白血病细胞(HL-60)活性的倍半萜类化合物进行二维定量构效关系研究,利用遗传算法建立2D-QSAR模型,得到10个具有较好预测能力的QSAR模型。分析模型得出:脂水分配系数(ALogP)、分子量(Molecular_Weight)与化合物活性呈正相关,偶极距x分量(Dipole_X)、分子表面积(Molecular_SurfaceArea)与化合物活性呈负相关;倍半萜2D-QSAR模型中独特的2个分子参数分别是VSA_AlogP[2]和VSA_AlogP[10];VSA_AlogP[2]参数与化合物抗癌活性呈正相关,在此区域内增加羟基等影响分子脂水分配系数的官能团能增加化合物的抗癌活性,VSA_AlogP[10]参数与化合物活性呈负相关,此区域内减少羟基等影响分子酯水分配系数的官能团会增加化合物的抗癌活性。该组模型将为新型抗癌类药剂的筛选以及新型抗癌类药物设计提供指导。     

Tandem regions of yeast DNA topoisomerase II share homology with different subunits of bacterial gyrase

The nucleotide sequence for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene TOP2, which encodes DNA topoisomerase II, was compared with the sequence for bacterial DNA gyrase. The amino and carboxyl terminal halves of the single-subunit yeast enzyme showed homologies with the B and A subunits of bacterial gyrase, respectively, at corresponding positions along the polypeptide chains. Although the two enzymes differ in both quaternary structure and activity, the homology between the two proteins indicates mechanistic as well as structural similarities, and a probable evolutionary relationship.     

Selective cleavage of human DNA: RecA-assisted restriction endonuclease (RARE) cleavage

Current methods for sequence-specific cleavage of large segments of DNA are severely limited because of the paucity of possible cleavage sites. A method is described whereby any Eco RI site can be targeted for specific cleavage. The technique is based on the ability of RecA protein from Escherichia coli to pair an oligonucleotide to its homologous sequence in duplex DNA and to form a three-stranded complex. This complex is protected from Eco RI methylase; after methylation and RecA protein removal, Eco RI restriction enzyme cleavage was limited to the site previously protected from methylation. When pairs of oligonucleotides are used, a specific fragment can be cleaved out of genomes. The method was tested on lambda phage, Escherichia coli, and human DNA. Fragments exceeding 500 kilobases in length and yields exceeding 80 percent could be obtained.     

Calicheamicin gamma 1I: an antitumor antibiotic that cleaves double-stranded DNA site specifically

Calicheamicin gamma 1I is a recently discovered diyne-ene--containing antitumor antibiotic with considerable potency against murine tumors. In vitro, this drug interacts with double-helical DNA in the minor groove and causes site-specific double-stranded cleavage. It is proposed that the observed cleavage specificity is a result of a unique fit of the drug and DNA followed by the generation of a nondiffusible 1,4-dehydrobenzene--diradical species that initiates oxidative strand scission by hydrogen abstraction on the deoxyribose ring. The ability of calicheamicin gamma 1I to cause double-strand cuts at very low concentrations may account for its potent antitumor activity.     

适合南疆日光温室越冬茬栽培的番茄品种筛选

[目的]筛选适合南疆温室越冬茬栽培的番茄品种.[方法]以目前越冬品种印第安为对照,选择国内外不同来源的番茄品种试验种植,通过物候期、生长发育和产量性状进行评价.[结果]11个品种开花至始收长达94～119 d,植株最高的185 cm,最矮的103 cm,品种间差异大,长势强的品种4个,中等的7个,7个硬质品种多为小果型,4个软质品种均为大果型,TOP1056产量最高11 522.1 kg/667 m2,较对照高1 015.6kg/667m2,红宝石2号最低7 955.2 kg/667 m2,较对照低2 551.3 kg/667 m2,6个品种单产在10 000 kg/667 m2以上.[结论]TOP1056、TOP1131、印第安、TOP1107、中杂102、特硬红果等6个品种均可作为日光温室越冬茬栽培品种.     

Erythropoietin retards DNA breakdown and prevents programmed death in erythroid progenitor cells

The mechanism by which erythropoietin controls mammalian erythrocyte production is unknown. Labeling experiments in vitro with [3H]thymidine demonstrated DNA cleavage in erythroid progenitor cells that was accompanied by DNA repair and synthesis. Erythropoietin reduced DNA cleavage by a factor of 2.6. In the absence of erythropoietin, erythroid progenitor cells accumulated DNA cleavage fragments characteristic of those found in programmed cell death (apoptosis) by 2 to 4 hours and began dying by 16 hours. In the presence of erythropoietin, the progenitor cells survived and differentiated into reticulocytes. Thus, apoptosis is a major component of normal erythropoiesis, and erythropoietin controls erythrocyte production by retarding DNA breakdown and preventing apoptosis in erythroid progenitor cells.     

Uracil DNA glycosylase activity is dispensable for immunoglobulin class switch

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for the DNA cleavage step in immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). AID is proposed to deaminate cytosine to generate uracil (U) in either mRNA or DNA. In the second instance, DNA cleavage depends on uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) for removal of U. Using phosphorylated histone gamma-H2AX focus formation as a marker of DNA cleavage, we found that the UNG inhibitor Ugi did not inhibit DNA cleavage in immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus during CSR, even though Ugi blocked UNG binding to DNA and strongly inhibited CSR. Strikingly, UNG mutants that had lost the capability of removing U rescued CSR in UNG-/- B cells. These results indicate that UNG is involved in the repair step of CSR yet by an unknown mechanism. The dispensability of U removal in the DNA cleavage step of CSR requires a reconsideration of the model of DNA deamination by AID.     

Establishment of Real-Time TaqMan-Fluorescence Quantitative RT-PCR Assay for Detection and Quantification of Porcine Lipoprotein Lipase mRNA

Porcine lipoprotein lipase （LPL） cDNA was cloned as the standard for real-time quantifying LPL mRNA and the TaqMan-fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for detection was established. The total RNA extracted from Longissimus dorsi of porcine was reverse-transcribed to cDNA. LPL cDNA was ligated with pGM-T vector and transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10. Plasmid DNA extracted from positive clones was verified by PCR amplification and sequenced. LPL was amplified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR from the plasmid DNA. The concentration of DNA template purified was detected by analyzing absorbance in 260 nm and then the combined plasmid was diluted to series as standard for fluorescence quantitative PCR （FQ-PCR）. The method of LPL mRNA real-time PCR was well established, which detected as low as 103 with the linear range 10^3 to 10^10 copies. The standard curves showed high correlations （R2 = 0.9871）. A series of standards for real-time PCR analysis have been constructed successfially, and real-time TaqMan-fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR is reliable to quantitatively evaluate FQ-PCR mRNA in L. dorsi of porcine.     

TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测猪脂蛋白酯酶mRNA方法的建立

【目的】克隆猪cDNA,作为猪LPL mRNA定量检测的标准品,建立检测方法。【方法】用RT-PCR,从猪背最长肌的总RNA中逆转录扩增LPL的cDNA,将纯化的LPL cDNA与pGM-T载体进行连接,转化宿主菌TOP10,提取重组质粒DNA,PCR鉴定并测序分析,对质粒标准进行实时荧光定量PCR 检测。纯化质粒并检测260 nm吸光度,确定原液的重组质粒拷贝浓度并以此制备荧光定量PCR梯度浓度标准品。【结果】建立了猪LPL mRNA实时定量PCR检测方法,特异性好,检测灵敏度达103拷贝,线性范围为1×103 ～1×1010拷贝,阈值与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系（R2＝0.9871）。【结论】成功克隆了LPL实时荧光PCR定量标准,且TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR的方法可对猪背最长肌LPL mRNA的表达进行准确定量。     

Dinitrogen Cleavage by a Three-Coordinate Molybdenum(III) Complex

Cleavage of the relatively inert dinitrogen (N(2)) molecule, with its extremely strong N identical withN triple bond, has represented a major challenge to the development of N(2) chemistry. This report describes the reductive cleavage of N(2) to two nitrido (N(3-)) ligands in its reaction with Mo(NRAr)(3), where R is C(CD(3))(2)CH(3) and Ar is 3,5-C(6)H(3)(CH(3))(2'), a synthetic three-coordinate molybdenum(III) complex of known structure. The formation of an intermediate complex was observed spectroscopically, and its conversion (with N identical withN bond cleavage) to the nitrido molybdenum(VI) product N identical withMo(NRAr)(3) followed first-order kinetics at 30 degrees C. It is proposed that the cleavage reaction proceeds by way of an intermediate complex in which N(2) bridges two molybdenum centers.     

DNA looping generated by DNA bending protein IHF and the two domains of lambda integrase

The multiprotein-DNA complexes that participate in bacteriophage lambda site-specific recombination were used to study the combined effect of protein-induced bending and protein-mediated looping of DNA. The protein integrase (Int) is a monomer with two autonomous DNA binding domains of different sequence specificity. Stimulation of Int binding and cleavage at the low affinity core-type DNA sites required interactions with the high affinity arm-type sites and depended on simultaneous binding of the sequence-specific DNA bending protein IHF (integration host factor). The bivalent DNA binding protein is positioned at high affinity sites and directed, by a DNA bending protein, to interactions with distant lower affinity sites. Assembly of this complex is independent of protein-protein interactions.     

马铃薯卷叶病毒CP基因的突变及其原核表达

通过人工合成DNA的方法,对马铃薯卷叶病毒外壳蛋白(CP)基因第52～177核苷酸(126bp)这段序列进行了突变,将其中12个AGA、AGG、CGA等精氨酸稀有密码子变成了原核高效表达的同义密码子CGT与CGC,将另外两个AGA精氨酸密码子变成了错义密码。构建了突变基因的原核表达载体pBAD-LRCP2,Bsp1407Ⅰ与MssⅠ酶切及DNA测序结果表明,基因突变符合要求,表达载体的构建正确。在37℃,大肠杆菌工程株TOP10(pBAD-LRCP2)用0.2%L-阿拉伯糖诱导培养4h,SDS-PAGE显示蛋白图谱上有一条36ku的诱导表达的融合蛋白条带,结果表明突变基因在PBAD启动子驱动下在大肠杆菌中实现了表达。     

马铃薯卷叶病毒缺失突变CP基因酿酒酵母表达载体的构建

以重组质粒pBAD-LRCP-126为模板,经PCR扩增获得了PLRV缺失突变CP基因的特异性条带。目的片段与pYES2.1/V5-His/-TOPO的连接产物转化大肠杆菌TOP10F′获得了氨苄青霉素抗性菌落,酶切与DNA测序结果确认了酵母表达载体的正确性,该表达载体命名为pYES-LRCP-126。在30℃,酿酒酵母工程菌株INVSc1(pYES-LRCP-126)经2%半乳糖诱导培养16h,SDS-PAGE显示蛋白图谱上有一条23kDa的诱导表达的蛋白条带,其大小与预期的重组CP大小相符,表明PLRV缺失突变基因在酵母菌中实现了表达。     

The Hin invertasome: protein-mediated joining of distant recombination sites at the enhancer

The Hin protein binds to two cis-acting recombination sites and catalyzes a site-specific DNA inversion reaction that regulates the expression of flagellin genes in Salmonella. In addition to the Hin protein and the two recombination sites that flank the invertible segment, a third cis-acting recombinational enhancer sequence and the Fis protein, which binds to two sites within the enhancer, are required for efficient recombination. Intermediates of this reaction were trapped during DNA strand cleavage and analyzed by gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy in order to determine their structure and composition. The analyses demonstrate that the recombination sites are assembled at the enhancer into a complex nucleo-protein structure (termed the invertasome) with the looping of the three segments of intervening DNA. Antibody studies indicated that Fis physically interacts with Hin and that both proteins are intimately associated with the invertasome. In order to achieve this protein-protein interaction and assemble the invertasome, the substrate DNA must be supercoiled.     

Structure of the DNA-Eco RI endonuclease recognition complex at 3 A resolution

The crystal structure of the complex between Eco RI endonuclease and the cognate oligonucleotide TCGCGAATTCGCG provides a detailed example of the structural basis of sequence-specific DNA-protein interactions. The structure was determined, to 3 A resolution, by the ISIR (iterative single isomorphous replacement) method with a platinum isomorphous derivative. The complex has twofold symmetry. Each subunit of the endonuclease is organized into an alpha/beta domain consisting a five-stranded beta sheet, alpha helices, and an extension, called the "arm," which wraps around the DNA. The large beta sheet consists of antiparallel and parallel motifs that form the foundations for the loops and alpha helices responsible for DNA strand scission and sequence-specific recognition, respectively. The DNA cleavage site is located in a cleft that binds the DNA backbone in the vicinity of the scissile bond. Sequence specificity is mediated by 12 hydrogen bonds originating from alpha helical recognition modules. Arg200 forms two hydrogen bonds with guanine while Glu144 and Arg145 form four hydrogen bonds to adjacent adenine residues. These interactions discriminate the Eco RI hexanucleotide GAATTC from all other hexanucleotides because any base substitution would require rupture of at least one of these hydrogen bonds.     

Structure of a synaptic gammadelta resolvase tetramer covalently linked to two cleaved DNAs

The structure of a synaptic intermediate of the site-specific recombinase gammadelta resolvase covalently linked through Ser10 to two cleaved duplex DNAs has been determined at 3.4 angstrom resolution. This resolvase, activated for recombination by mutations, forms a tetramer whose structure is substantially changed from that of a presynaptic complex between dimeric resolvase and the cleavage site DNA. Because the two cleaved DNA duplexes that are to be recombined lie on opposite sides of the core tetramer, large movements of both protein and DNA are required to achieve strand exchange. The two dimers linked to the DNAs that are to be recombined are held together by a flat interface. This may allow a 180 degrees rotation of one dimer relative to the other in order to reposition the DNA duplexes for strand exchange.     

变青链霉菌DNA的研究——Ⅰ.电泳过程中的特异性降解

变青链霉菌基因组DNA和质粒DNA在某些特定批号的电泳缓冲液中电泳时,双链DNA遭到很强的降解。变青链霉菌基因组DNA受到有限切割而产生的DNA片段的平均大小为6kb左右。天兰色链霉菌A3(2)和好几种其它链霉菌菌株的DNA,以及大肠杆菌的DNA在同样条件下并不受这种切割的影响。已经证明,这种特异性对变青链霉菌DNA的切割不是由于缓冲液中污染了微生物,进而产生核酸酶所致,而是由于某些批号的EDTA商品中污染了Fe~(2+)所致。变青链霉菌中DNA制备物“较差”的许多报道可能都是上述原因所致。     

Second cytotoxic pathway of diphtheria toxin suggested by nuclease activity

Diphtheria toxin (DTx) provokes extensive internucleosomal degradation of DNA before cell lysis. The possibility that DNA cleavage stems from direct chromosomal attack by intracellular toxin molecules was tested by in vitro assays for a DTx-associated nuclease activity. DTx incubated with DNA in solution or in a DNA-gel assay showed Ca2+- and Mg2+-stimulated nuclease activity. This activity proved susceptible to inhibition by specific antitoxin and migrated with fragment A of the toxin. Assays in which supercoiled double-stranded DNA was used revealed rapid endonucleolytic attack. Discovery of a DTx-associated nuclease activity lends support to the model that DTx-induced cell lysis is not a simple consequence of protein synthesis inhibition.     

X-ray structure of the major adduct of the anticancer drug cisplatin with DNA: cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(pGpG))

Crystals of the adduct of the anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cis-DDP, with d(pGpG), its putative target on DNA in the cancer cell, have been obtained and used in an x-ray crystallographic study to elucidate the molecular structure to atomic resolution. Each of the four crystallographically independent cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(pGpG))] molecules is comprised of a square-planar platinum atom bonded to two ammonia ligands and two N(7) atoms of guanosine nucleosides from the same chain. Base stacking of the two adjacent guanine rings is completely disrupted by coordination to the cis-(Pt(NH3)2)2+ unit. Comparison of the backbone and deoxyribose ring torsion angles with those found by previous (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) studies of this adduct in solution demonstrates that the solid state geometry is substantially the same as that in solution. The relevance of these results to the molecular mechanism of action of cis-DDP is discussed.     

DNA topoisomerase I--targeted chemotherapy of human colon cancer in xenografts

Drug development is needed to improve chemotherapy of patients with locally advanced or metastatic colon carcinoma, who otherwise have an unfavorable prognosis. DNA topoisomerase I, a nuclear enzyme important for solving topological problems arising during DNA replication and for other cellular functions, has been identified as a principal target of a plant alkaloid 20(S)-camptothecin. Significantly increased concentrations of this enzyme, compared to that in normal colonic mucosa, were found in advanced stages of human colon adenocarcinoma and in xenografts of colon cancer carried by immunodeficient mice. Several synthetic analogs of camptothecin, selected by tests with the purified enzyme and tissue-culture screens, were evaluated in the xenograft model. Unlike other anticancer drugs tested, 20(RS)-9-amino-camptothecin (9-AC) induced disease-free remissions. The overall drug toxicity was low and allowed for repeated courses of treatment.