吐温-80对柴胡注射液紫外吸收光谱的影响

描述了吐温-80对柴胡注射液紫外吸收光谱的影响。实验结果表明,未加吐温-80（即聚山犁酯-80）的柴胡注射液,可得到符合国家兽药典要求的紫外吸收光谱,其他各项检测也合格。     

吐温60和吐温80对反刍动物瘤胃和生产性能的影响

非离子表面活性剂(NIS)已经作为添加剂能有效地刺激需氧微生物的生长。本文综述了非离子型表面活性剂吐温60和吐温80在反刍动物营养中的应用。     

双歧杆菌的研究与应用

双歧杆菌是动物肠道中的正常菌群之一,能够改善和维持机体微生态平衡、促进机体生长、提高机体免疫力、增强抗肿瘤等重要的生理功能,在食品以及饲料等方面发挥着重要的作用。本文主要对双歧杆菌的形态特征、生理功能和双歧杆菌制剂的应用现状进行了论述。     

富含γ-氨基丁酸青春双歧杆菌的酸奶稳定性研究

本文研究了富含γ-氨基丁酸青春双歧杆菌酸奶在保质期内乳酸菌活菌数、γ-氨基丁酸含量以及感官指标变化。结果表明,富含γ-氨基丁酸酸奶在感官指标方面与普通酸奶相比无明显差异;随着保藏时间的增加,乳酸菌活菌数逐渐降低但始终保持在108cfu/mL以上;在保质期内γ-氨基丁酸含量相对稳定。     

双歧杆菌对新生儿及母亲的意义

本文对我国关于双歧杆菌的相关研究进行了总结归纳,认为双歧杆菌对新生儿及母亲意义重大。进一步验证不同分娩方式和不同喂养方式对新生儿及母亲的影响,为广大孕产妇的选择提供借鉴,为医护工作者提供相关资料。     

双歧杆菌对仔猪生长性能的影响

在30~75日龄仔猪的基础日粮中添加不同剂量的有益优势菌双歧杆菌,添加剂量为每千克饲料18ml双歧杆菌发酵液[活菌数为(7~8)×1010个/ml]的试验Ⅱ组对仔猪的生长性能表现出较好的效果,其平均末重23.100kg,平均净增重16.375kg,平均日增重364g,料重比1.37:1;与对照组相比平均末重高出42.8%,平均净增重高出54.8%,平均日增重高出54.9%,差异均显著(P<0.05),每增加1kg活重比对照组少耗0.8kg饲料。说明此添加剂量对30~75日龄仔猪的生长有明显的促进作用。     

双歧杆菌的应用与前景

双歧杆菌是动物肠道中的正常菌群之一,具有改善和维持机体微生态平衡,促进机体生长,提高机体免疫力和增强抗肿瘤等重要的生理功能,在食品及饲料等方面发挥着重要作用。     

乳杆菌和双歧杆菌对碳水化合物体外利用的比较研究

在含有13种碳水化合物(包括低聚果糖(fructooligosaccharide,FOS)、FOS(Vilof)、低聚木糖、低聚半乳糖、短链菊粉、长链菊粉、低聚异麦芽糖、水苏糖、抗性糊精、聚葡萄糖、L-阿拉伯糖、乳糖醇和赤藓糖醇)作为唯一碳源的纯培养基上,比较12株乳杆菌和6株双歧杆菌的生长情况,记录培养24?h和72...     

双歧杆菌对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

为了探讨双歧杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,本试验选取28头某猪场自繁自养的新生仔猪,随机分为2组,每组14头,对照组仔猪不做任何处理,常规饲养,试验组仔猪额外饲喂0.01g/头的双歧杆菌,观察两组仔猪的生长性能。结果显示,试验组仔猪的末重显著高于对照组仔猪的(P 0.05),试验组仔猪的平均日增重显著高于对照组仔猪的(P 0.05)。结果表明,双歧杆菌对哺乳仔猪的生长性能具有积极的影响。     

不同分离方法对鸡肠道双歧杆菌分离筛选的影响

本文研究了从健康鸡的肠道中分离双歧杆菌的分离方法。比较了不同日龄、鸡肠道的不同部位以及分离方法对双歧杆菌分离的影响。为动物微生态制剂的研制提供了合适的益生菌菌株。     

双歧杆菌的生物学作用及其在畜牧生产中的应用

主要结合国内外近年来的相关研究,对双歧杆菌的生物学特性、功效及其在畜牧生产中的应用现状进行了介绍,从而为其在畜牧生产中的进一步应用提供理论依据及参考。     

畜禽精液冷冻损伤保护研究进展

精液冷冻过程中液体冰晶化造成的机械损伤和氧化自由基造成的氧化损伤是畜禽冷冻精液产业化的主要限制因素。在冻精中添加外源抗氧化剂维持氧化还原平衡状态以此减轻氧化损伤、通过添加抗冻剂和控制冷冻速率来减少冰晶产生和减轻机械损伤成为畜禽冻精技术研究的重点。本文从不同种类抗氧化剂的抗氧化机理及其在冻精中的应用现状、添加抗冻剂和控制冷冻速率等方面减少机械损伤进行综述,以期为畜禽精液冷冻技术提供理论和技术参考。     

牦牛肌红蛋白的基因克隆测序、分离纯化、含量及其与乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活力的关系

为探索牦牛适应高原缺氧环境的分子机制,测定了麦洼牦牛心肌和骨骼肌中肌红蛋白（Mb）含量及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）活力,并对牦牛Mb进行了分离纯化和基因克隆测序。牦牛心肌和骨骼肌中Mb含量显著高于水牛和黄牛（P〈0.01）;牦牛、黄牛和水牛心肌MDH/LDH活力比均显著高于骨骼肌;牦牛心肌MDH/LDH活力比显著高于水牛和黄牛,但在不同牛种骨骼肌之间无显著差异。各组织Mb含量与MDH/LDH活力比呈显著正相关。试验用RT-PCR方法从牦牛心肌中克隆了Mb基因,与普通牛相比,核苷酸序列同源性为99.5%,氨基酸序列完全相同;用盐析、CM-Sephadex阳离子交换层析、Sephadex G-50凝胶层析等方法分离纯化了牦牛Mb,SDS-PAGE显示其分子量约为17 ku。     

Utility of the discriminant analysis to categorize untrained Spanish Pure Bred horses on the basis of biochemical and muscle variables before and after a standardized exercise test

We hypothesized that the information obtained from a discriminant analysis could be used to objectively discriminate horses untrained from early ages, in agreement with certain physiological characteristics.In the biopsies of 24 Spanish Pure Bred horses (1.5–3 years old) before and after a standardized exercise test (SET; 4–7 m/s with a change of velocity of 1 m/s every 2 min) muscle enzymes, substrate and metabolites were determined. Also, diverse plasma and blood parameters were considered.Three pre-exercise groups (A1: six horses; A2: seven horses and A3: eleven horses) and two post-exercise groups (B1: sixteen horses; B2: eight horses) were defined from a correspondence analysis. Forward stepwise discriminant analysis selected 11 variables which differentiated the groups between each other both pre- and post-exercise.The results of the present study suggested the utility of a discriminant analysis to categorize horses in agreement with certain physiological variables. It could be used for establishing different types of training in each group by expert trainers.     

8种家兔血清LDH同工酶电泳分析

利用不连续梯度聚丙烯酰胺圆盘凝胶电泳法,对新西兰兔,青紫蓝兔,比利时兔,日本大耳兔,加利福尼亚兔,德国巨兔,长毛兔,哈白兔等８个品种家兔血清的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶进行电泳分析。结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳能很好地分离出家兔血清中的５种ＬＤＨ同工酶;家兔血清ＬＤＨ同工酶谱的区带分布具有种的特异性;家兔５因清ＬＤＨ同工酶以Ｂ亚基占优势,Ａ,Ｂ亚基的比率反映家兔的亲缘关系。     

Full‐Term Development of Rabbit Embryos Produced by ICSI with Sperm Frozen in Liquid Nitrogen without Cryoprotectants

The aim of the present study was to establish the technology of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in rabbit by using the sperm frozen without cryoprotectants. Observation under an electron microscope revealed that the rabbit spermatozoa frozen without cryoprotectants had severe damage especially in the plasma membrane and junction between head and tail. However, after being injected into the oocytes, the sperm frozen without cryoprotectants retained the capability of supporting the cleavage and development of the ICSI oocytes, with no significant difference from that of fresh sperm, although the development of ICSI embryos derived from either frozen sperm or fresh sperm is much lower than that of in vivo‐fertilized zygotes. When additional artificial activation was applied following ICSI, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation of ICSI oocytes were significantly increased when compared with the oocytes without additional activation. Yet, the cell numbers in blastocysts were not significantly different between the activation and non‐activation group. After embryo transfer, four offspring were obtained from the oocytes microinjected with the sperm frozen without cryoprotectants. The technology established by this study may facilitate exploring the ICSI‐based transgenic method in rabbit and broaden the application of ICSI technique in related field.     

日粮添加不同水平的奶牛专用霉菌毒素吸附剂对粪中双歧杆菌数量和乳中黄曲霉毒素含量的影响

奶牛饲料原料中霉菌毒素广泛存在,并严重地威胁着奶牛健康,影响着奶牛生产性能的发挥。本试验选择年龄、胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦奶牛80头探讨日粮添加4种剂量（0g、10g、15g、20g）的霉菌毒素吸附剂对奶牛粪便中双歧杆菌数量和原料奶中黄曲霉毒素残留量的影响。与对照组（添加霉菌毒素吸附剂0g）相比,实验组奶牛粪便中双歧杆菌的外排量明显降低,但各实验组之间统计差异并不显著,仅有数值上的变化。同时,随着霉菌毒素吸附剂含量的增加,原料奶中体细胞数呈现下降的趋势。与试验前相比,原料奶中黄曲霉毒素含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,且随着添加剂量的增加其黄曲霉毒素残留量更少,但添加20g与添加15g相比并无明显变化。研究表明,随着日粮中霉菌毒素吸附剂不同量的添加,均可有效降低原料奶中黄曲霉毒素的残留量,进而提高原料奶质量。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染对猪CD80和CD86 mRNA表达的影响

通过构建猪共刺激分子CD80和CD86的缺失cDNA竞争分子,用竞争PCR技术定量检测了猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染后猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAM)中CD80和CD86的mRNA水平,分析了PCV2感染对猪共刺激分子CD80和CD86的mRNA表达的影响.结果显示,PCV2感染后,PAM中CD80和CD86的mRNA水平变化趋势一致,只是CD86的升降幅度更大.在PCV2感染后3d,CD80与CD86的mRNA水平下降至最低,随后迅速上升,至14d达到高峰,尔后快速下降,21d及以后恢复正常.本研究结果表明,PCV2初期可明显抑制猪共刺激分子CD80和CD86的基因转录.     

Ability to utilize lactate and related enzymes of a ruminal bacterium, Selenomonas ruminantium

The ability of a nitrate‐reducing and nitrite‐reducing strain of Selenomonas ruminantium ssp. lactilytica (TH1) to utilize lactate was examined at the cell and enzyme levels. The TH1 strain was found to possess NAD‐independent D‐lactate dehydrogenase (iD‐LDH), with little or no lactate racemase or L‐lactate dehydrogenase, implying that TH1 virtually utilizes only the D‐form of lactate. Therefore, the introduction of lactate racemase to TH1 may enhance its ability to utilize lactate in the rumen where both D‐lactate and L‐lactate are produced. Because lactate utilization by Megasphaera elsdenii in the rumen may increase methanogenesis, it is desirable to increase lactate utilization by S. ruminantium, which may decrease methanogenesis. However, the specific activity of iD‐LDH, which represents the amount of enzyme per cell, in TH1 was approximately threefold lower than M. elsdenii. Properties of iD‐LDH, such as optimal pH and temperature, affinity for D‐lactate, and effect of metal ions, did not differ greatly between TH1 and M. elsdenii. The specific activity of iD‐LDH in TH1 increased as the D‐lactate concentration in the medium increased, suggesting that iD‐LDH synthesis is regulated in response to D‐lactate. On the contrary, no iD‐LDH activity was detected when TH1 was grown in the presence of glucose, even when D‐lactate was present. This result suggests that iD‐LDH synthesis is strongly suppressed by glucose. In order to improve the ability of S. ruminantium to utilize lactate and reduce nitrate and nitrite, it is important to enhance iD‐LDH synthesis in addition to the introduction of lactate racemase.