灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

笔者对灵武长枣在采前发育成熟期的果肉硬度、水溶性糖、酸和维生素C、淀粉含量等变化规律以及采后呼吸强度的变化进行研究,旨在为灵武长枣果实发育生理、采后贮藏保鲜、新品种选育和栽培管理提供科学依据。     

中宁圆枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

以10年生的中宁圆枣为试材,研究了果实发育后期(白熟期￣全红期)生理和生化变化特性,结果表明:(1)中宁圆枣果肉硬度变化具有明显的2个阶段,从白熟期至初红期,果肉硬度大幅度降低;从初红期至全红期,硬度维持在12.0￣12.5kg/cm2。(2)果实抗坏血酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.9686;果实可滴定酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9254。(3)果实发育成熟期,可溶性固形物、总糖、蔗糖和果糖含量均与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,葡萄糖含量和果实发育成熟度呈显著的正相关关系。(4)中宁圆枣果实在白熟期前以积累单糖为主,果实糖份累积总体表现为“果糖 蔗糖”型。(5)随着果实发育成熟,果实相对甜度不断增加。果实总糖、可溶性固形物、蔗糖和果糖含量与果实相对甜度呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9940、0.9827、0.9750和0.9259;葡萄糖含量和果实相对甜度呈显著正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9117。     

‘灵武长枣’果实发育过程中果肉质地与解剖结构的变化

为探究‘灵武长枣’发育过程中枣果质地与解剖结构的变化特征及两者间关系。以国家地理标志品种‘灵武长枣’为试验材料,利用质地剖面分析法（TPA）和石蜡切片法,分析测定果实7项质地品质指标、10项显微结构指标,并对果实基本性状进行测定。结果表明,‘灵武长枣’果实成熟过程中,以硬核期为转折点,硬核期到半红期枣果实品质发生了显著变化,如硬核期到膨大前期单果质量增幅412.3%、体积增幅403.7% ,且果实解剖结构与大部分质地参数显著相关。即随着果实成熟,果实的单果质量、纵横径,体积均增加;果实硬度、脆度和胶粘性先增大后减小,弹性、咀嚼性和粘附性呈上升趋势,内聚性变化不显著。果皮变薄,表皮细胞和薄壁细胞、维管束和空腔面积增大,细胞排列变疏松,成熟期口感变酥脆。角质层加厚,果实抗损伤性加强。此外,枣果表皮细胞中的质体也发生很大变化,幼果期到半红期,由叶绿体逐渐转变为有色体。进一步相关性分析表明,果实硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和粘附性同枣果细胞形态参数存在不同程度的相关性,粘附性与大部分果实细胞形态参数达极显著水平,如粘附性与空腔面积呈极显著正相关(r=0.979)。‘灵武长枣’果实发育过程中,其果实品质发生显著变化,其中果实细胞形态的动态变化显著影响其质地品质（硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、粘附性）。     

喷施硒肥对灵武长枣营养生长和果实品质的影响

为了选择出合适硒肥及其最适浓度,提高灵武长枣果实品质和硒含量,选用大田栽培8年生灵武长枣植株为试验材料,分别喷施不同浓度的种植用有机硒肥、有机富硒液体肥、硒之源3种硒肥,测定枣吊生长变化、单果重、横纵径、可溶性总糖、有机酸、微量元素硒等指标,研究喷施不同硒肥对灵武长枣营养生长、果实品质以及果实硒含量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施种植用有机硒肥可促进灵武长枣营养生长,提高果实品质及硒含量,且在喷施浓度为3.6 mL/L处理效果最佳;喷施有机富硒液体肥可提高果实有机酸及硒含量,但果实维生素C含量略有降低;喷施硒之源对灵武长枣的营养生长及果实品质的影响不显著,但能显著提高果实硒含量。喷施浓度为3.6 mL/L种植用有机硒肥能显著促进灵武长枣的生长,提高果实硒含量。     

不同施氮水平下盐胁迫对灵武长枣幼苗生理生化指标的影响

[目的]探究灵武长枣的耐盐性及氮素对盐胁迫的影响。[方法]以2年生灵武长枣嫁接苗为试验材料,对盆栽幼苗进行盐胁迫（0、50、150、200mmol／L）与施氮（100、200、300mg／kg）交互处理,研究其对植株叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量、过氧化物酶（POD）活性以及质膜透性的影响。[结果]低盐处理下,外施氮素增加叶片MDA的含量,降低POD活性,当施氮为300mg／kg时,叶片MDA含量高于其他施氮处理,表明高氮加剧叶片膜质过氧化,使胁迫伤害加重;高盐处理下,外施氮素减少叶片MDA积累,提高POD活性,当施氮为300mg／kg时,叶片MDA含量低于其他处理,表明高氮缓解了盐胁迫的伤害。[结论]该研究为灵武长枣的栽培实践与良种选育提供参考。     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage, being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively, the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively, the correlation coef-ficients were -0.973 1** and + 0.974 6** respectively. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, and sucrose increased with jujube ripening, while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern, the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6** , 0.988 0** , and 0.982 8**, respec-tively. Befcre white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation d moncsaccharide was predom/nant in jujube fruits, following a fast accumula-tion of sucrose, indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore, the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity, being 51.54 mg/100 g · FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg·h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg·h) after fruit turning red and before softening, indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化(英文)

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

中国枣果实病害研究进展

就20世纪80年代以后,我国枣果实生长发育及采后贮藏期病害研究进展进行了综述。采前枣果有9种病害,病原菌涉及到9个属真菌和4个属细菌。贮藏期枣果有4大类病害,但病原菌隶属12个属真菌。同一种病害不仅由单一病原菌侵染所致,而且往往是多种病原菌混合侵染引起的,因而给田间和贮期综合防治造成了一定困难。最后,提出了枣果病害研究上存在的主要问题和今后的研究方向。     

武隆猪腰枣的组织培养研究

以武隆猪腰枣为试材,以茎尖、带芽茎段、节间和叶片为外植体,开展了组织培养研究.结果表明,外植体以带芽茎段最好;适宜的初代培养基以1/2MS+1mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA,接种的带芽茎段萌芽快,其愈伤组织的不定芽再生率达53.3%;最佳不定芽继代培养基为MS+1mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L IBA,增殖系数达3.77;不定芽在1/2MS+0.3mg/L IBA和1/2MS+0.3mg/L IBA+10g/L AC培养基上生根效果较好,生根率达90%~96.67%.     

自制保鲜剂对灵武长枣低温贮藏保鲜效果的研究

以可溶性固形物含量24.3%的灵武长枣为试材,研究了冷藏过程中果实品质变化及贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明,保鲜剂浸果极显著降低了霉烂果率,显著减缓了贮藏中后期果肉硬度下降和维生素C氧化分解,明显抑制了果肉蔗糖水解,显著提高了贮藏中后期脆好果率。但保鲜剂浸果对可溶性固形物、还原糖、总糖和果胶含量没有明显影响。脆好果率与果肉硬度、抗坏血酸含量和蔗糖含量均呈极显著正相关性,拟合曲线为二次多项式,相关系数分别为0.9266、0.9937和0.9971。果肉抗坏血酸含量和果肉硬度均与蔗糖含量呈极显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.9894和0.9343。     

灵武长枣开花坐果规律及花果管理技术研究

论述了灵武长枣的开花坐果习性,提出了灵武长枣优质丰产栽培的花果管理技术。     

真空渗透钙离子和植物激素对灵武长枣贮藏

以生长后期全红灵武长枣为试材,研究了真空渗透Ca2 和植物激素对果实在低温贮藏过程中品质以及硬好果率的影响.试验结果表明:Ca2 和Ca2 植物激素真空渗透显著降低了果实在贮藏过程中维生素C的氧化分解,贮藏结束时(60d)维生素C含量提高了33.1%;处理的硬好果率平均达90.9%,比对照净增加了30.4%,但处理之间没有明显的差异.同时,Ca2 和Ca2 植物激素真空渗透对果肉硬度、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、水溶性总糖含量和可溶性果胶含量没有明显影响.值得注意的是:全红灵武长枣真空渗透Ca2 和Ca2 植物激素后有大约5%的枣果裂口,影响了果实的外观.