日粮中添加小肽对奶牛产奶性能影响的研究

选择产奶量、体况、胎次,泌乳阶段一致的中国荷斯坦牛9头为参试牛,采食所配制的不同饲料,进行不同泌乳期生产性能表现测定,进行日粮比较。试验分为试验1组、试验2组和对照组。试验1组日粮中添加小肽,试验2组日粮中添加保护性小肽,通过56d的集中饲养奶牛试验,结果表明,奶牛日粮中添加保护性小肽比添加普通小肽能较明显的提高产奶量(P<0.05)。其它指标变化不明显。     

奶牛日粮添加保护性蛋氨酸试验

１材料与方法１．１试验用保护性蛋氨酸由德国迪高沙公司提供１．２参试牛群的选择：根据所提供的保护性蛋氨酸数量（５０千克）和试验要求（能够选出泌乳月和产奶量相近的足够数量的试验、对照牛;便于逐头检测每日产奶量）,选择奶牛三场２、３班１４３头牛（同在一栋牛...     

过瘤胃蛋氨酸和肉桂醛组合添加对奶牛产奶性能及氮排泄的影响

本试验旨在研究过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)和肉桂醛(CA)组合添加对奶牛产奶性能及氮排泄的影响。选取年龄、体重、胎次、产奶量、乳成分及泌乳期[(90±15)d]相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头分为10组,每组4头。对照(C)组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组补饲不同水平的RPMet和CA,其中RPMet设3个水平,分别为20(L)、25(M)、30(H)g/(d·头);CA设3个水平,分别为15(L)、18(M)、21(H)g/(d·头),共组成9个不同水平组合,分别为LL、ML、HL、LM、MM、HM、LH、MH、HH(第1个字母为RPMet添加水平,第2个字母为CA添加水平)。预试期15d,正试期60d。结果表明:1)除LH组外,各试验组产奶量均显著或极显著高于C组(P0.05或P0.01),以HL组最高。2)各试验组乳脂率和乳蛋白率均高于C组,均以HL组最高,与C组均差异极显著(P0.01);各试验组乳体细胞数均低于C组,以HL组最低,与C组均差异极显著(P0.01)。3)除LH组外,各试验组氮表观消化率和氮泌乳转化效率均显著或极显著高于C组(P0.05或P0.01),以HL组最高;LL、ML、HL、LM、MM、HM、LH、MH、HH组总氮排泄量比C组分别降低了17.45%(P0.01)、18.79%(P0.01)、20.80%(P0.01)、10.41%(P0.01)、12.49%(P0.01)、15.22%(P0.01)、3.37%(P0.05)、5.12%(P0.05)、7.43%(P0.05),以HL组最低。结果提示,在泌乳奶牛饲粮中联合添加RPMet和CA可以提高奶牛产奶性能、降低奶牛氮排泄量;综合考虑上述指标,最佳组合为RPMet 30g/(d·头)、CA 15g/(d·头)。     

苜蓿草块在奶牛日粮中使用对奶牛产奶性能的影响

本试验选用体重、产奶量、产奶月份、胎次均相近的健康荷斯坦产奶母牛98头，随机分成2组，即对照组和试验组．进行苜蓿草块替代部分精料补充料的饲喂试验。对照组按原日粮饲喂，试验组用2kg苜蓿草块替代等量的精料补充料。预试期为7天，正试期35天。从奶牛的产奶量来看，与对照组比较，试验组平均每头牛每天产奶量提高了157％。从乳品质来看，与对照组比较，试验组的乳脂率提高了0．09个百分点，乳蛋白提高了0．05个百分点，干物质提高了0.1个百分点。通过经济效益分析比较，与对照组比较，试验组提高了8．27％。结果表明，在奶牛日粮中使用苜蓿草块可有效提高产奶量，并且可以改善奶品质。     

日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响

根据胎次、产奶量、泌乳时间相近的原则选择泌乳奶牛200头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组100头,对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验组饲喂常规日粮+40 g/d过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPM,有效成分:HMBi,2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸异丙酯)。探讨日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果:添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸的试验组产奶量较对照组提高了1.3 kg/d(P>0.05);试验组的乳蛋白、乳脂率和体细胞数较对照组均有所提高(P>0.05);经济效益方面,试验组每头牛每天比对照组多盈利2.49元。试验表明:日粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸有助于提高奶牛生产性能和经济效益。     

日粮中添加蛋氨酸对肉种鸡生产性能的影响

日粮中添加蛋氨酸对肉种鸡生产性能的影响　姜通理，王秀芝，陈万民（黑龙江省农垦科学院红兴隆科研所１５５８１１）目前，国内外养鸡生产场家普遍采用在日粮中添加蛋氨酸的方法来提高肉鸡的生产性能，但是有关不同类型日粮蛋氨酸的添加剂量以及使用效果的报道却很少，本...     

饲料中添加烟酸对夏季奶牛产奶性能的影响

试验选取9头泌乳早期处于热应激的荷斯坦牛,采用3×3拉丁方设计,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和在基础日粮中添加5g/d和10g/d烟酸日粮,研究添加烟酸对奶牛生产性能影响。结果表明:添加5g/d和10g/d烟酸可使奶牛产奶量分别提高13.20%和9.39%(P<0.05);而4%标准乳量无显著差异(P>0.05);添加烟酸对乳蛋白和乳脂率无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

保护性蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响

现今确认,蛋氨酸是奶牛最主要的限制性氨基酸,一是瘤胃微生物合成的蛋氨酸数量相对较低;二是植物性饲料特别是籽实饲料中(如常用的蛋白质饲料豆饼等)往往缺乏蛋氨酸;三是饲料中含有的蛋氨酸和瘤胃中合成的蛋氨酸,其中约有30%～60%在瘤胃中遭到破坏分解,而不能进人小肠被机体吸收利用。本试验给奶牛饲喂一种瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸,观察其对奶牛生产性能的效果。1方法试验奶牛的选择与分组选择来源相同、胎次相近、日产奶量相近、体况健康正常的奶牛12头,随机分为两组,每组6头,在相同的饲养管理条件下饲养。本试验设预试期7天,试验期35天,从2001年9…     

在低豆粕蛋白日粮中添加蛋氨酸对蛋鸡性能的影响

在低豆粕蛋白日粮中添加蛋氨酸对蛋鸡性能的影响张永江李海（吉林省农科院畜牧分院１３６１００）邵立新杨永志（吉林省梨树县畜牧局１３６１００）为减少蛋白质饲料在日粮中的比例和提高饲料利用率，验证蛋氨酸代替部分豆粕的喂鸡效果，在蛋鸡日粮中合理利用合成蛋氨酸提...     

日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌对奶牛生产性能和相关生化指标的影响

选择12头中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,A组为对照组(基础日粮),B、C和D组分别在A组基础上添加120、280和380 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌,研究其对奶牛生产性能和相关生化指标的影响。结果表明:B、C和D组的日均泌乳量分别比A组提高了1.28kg(5.65%)、1.59 kg(7.02%)和1.66 kg(7.33%),均差异显著(P<0.05);4%标准乳量分别提高了0.98 kg(4.73%)、1.22 kg(5.89%)和1.16 kg(5.60%),均达差异显著水平(P<0.05);乳脂率、乳糖、非脂乳固形物含量均差异不显著(P>0.05);乳蛋白分别提高了4.56%、7.02%和7.72%,均差异显著(P<0.05);乳锌含量分别提高了1.05μg/mL(36.59%)、1.59μg/mL(55.40%)和2.08μg/mL(72.47%),均差异极显著(P<0.01);体细胞数分别降低了1.64×104/mL(5.65%)、3.23×104/mL(11.12%)和3.89×104/mL(13.39%),均差异显著(P<0.05);平均干物质采食量分别提高了0.19 kg(0.98%)、0.29 kg(1.51%)和0.32 kg(1.66%),均差异不显著(P>0.05)。经济效益分析表明,C组每牛日均比A组增收3.42元,最为理想。     

饲喂全棉籽影响奶牛生产性能和血液指标的研究进展

我国饲料资源日渐紧缺,开发利用新的资源很关键,如果可以将产量丰富的农副产品—棉籽广泛应用于奶牛养殖,这将大大提高经济效益。文章综述了国内外棉籽应用于奶牛生产的试验研究,包括对奶牛生产性能、繁殖性能和血液指标的影响,旨在为奶牛养殖提供理论依据。     

日粮中添加脂肪酸钙对奶牛生产性能的影响

选取24头处于泌乳前期的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用配对设计分成4组,研究奶牛日粮中分别添加200g棕榈油脂肪酸钙、大豆油脂肪酸钙和葵花籽油脂肪酸钙对奶牛采食量、产奶量及乳品质的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加3种脂肪酸钙均不影响奶牛采食量(P>0.05);添加棕榈油脂肪酸钙后产奶量提高10.45%、乳脂率提高7.42%、乳蛋白率降低4.67%、乳干物质提高1.41%(P>0.05);添加大豆油脂肪酸钙后产奶量提高4.25%、乳脂率提高8.54%、乳蛋白率降低4.64%、乳干物质提高2.67%(P>0.05);添加葵花籽油脂肪酸钙后产奶量提高4.76%、乳脂率提高3.52%、乳蛋白率降低3.35%、乳干物质提高1.42%(P>0.05)。     

奶牛过瘤胃蛋氨酸营养研究进展

过瘤胃蛋氨酸是奶牛泌乳和乳蛋白合成的主要限制性氨基酸之一,小肠可消化蛋氨酸的缺乏是影响奶牛高产和乳品质提高的重要因素,添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸能够提高奶牛产奶量和乳蛋白含量。     

大豆黄酮对奶牛产奶量和乳中常规成分的影响

研究口服大豆黄酮对不同泌乳期奶牛产奶量和乳中常规成分的影响。结果表明,1)大豆黄酮能明显提高泌乳中期奶牛的产奶量;2)大豆黄酮可显著提高泌乳晚期奶牛乳蛋白含量和乳脂率;另外对乳糖的影响是泌乳早期和泌乳晚期上升,而泌乳中期有所下降。     

菠萝渣发酵培养物对奶牛生产性能的影响

将经微生物发酵处理后的菠萝渣以20%的比例部分替代青贮玉米秸秆进行饲喂奶牛应用试验。结果表明,添加菠萝渣发酵培养物的试验组比对照组粗料采食量增加4.0kg,提高17.7%,干物质摄入量增加4.17kg,提高26.39%;试验组产奶性能得到改善,日产奶量比对照组增加4.90kg,提高27.79%,乳脂率在对照组有所下降的情况下,仍有小幅度提高,从试验前的3.13%到试验期的3.26%。试验结果表明,有益微生物能有效地作用于菠萝渣中的有机物,降解大分子物质,消除菠萝渣中多种抗营养因子的不良作用,作为添加料可提高奶牛生产性能,为开发利用菠萝加工废弃物提供了一条有效的途径。     

Effects of rumen‐protected methionine on milk production in early lactation dairy cattle fed with a diet containing 14.5% crude protein

We evaluated the influence on milk production of feeding early lactation cows a diet that included 14.5% crude protein (CP) and that did not meet methionine (Met) requirements or that met them by supplying rumen‐protected Met (RPMet). Thirty‐nine multiparous Holstein cows were allocated into two groups. For 15 weeks after calving, each group was fed one of the two total mixed rations, Control (n = 20) or Treatment (n = 19). The Treatment group received added RPMet at 0.034% (8 g/day) of the Control diet on dry matter basis. The adequacies of Met for the Control and Treatment groups were 96% and 106%, respectively, and for other amino acids, >110%. The CP level (14.5%) was 1 percentage point lower than that recommended by the Japanese Feeding Standard (2006). No between‐group differences were found in milk yield (40 kg/day), milk composition, plasma profile, rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance, or cow health. Met intake and the amount of rumen‐undegradable feed Met were higher in the Treatment group (p < 0.05). Microbial Met and total metabolizable Met did not differ between groups. Supplying RPMet in a 14.5% CP diet during early lactation did not dramatically affect milk production, because the amount of total metabolizable Met was unchanged.     

Effects of fat coated rumen bypass lysine and methionine on performance of dairy cows fed a diet deficient in lysine and methionine

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fat coated rumen bypass lysine (RPLys) and methionine (RPMet) on the lactation performance of dairy cows. In Experiment 1, three lactating cows were supplied with RPLys and fat coated DL‐Met which was highly protected (H‐RPMet) as an indigestible marker, and total fecal emission was collected for 72 h following administration. Measuring the proportional difference in fecal excretion of lysine derived from RPLys relative to methionine derived from H‐RPMet, the intestinal availability of RPLys was estimated to be 66.2%. In Experiment 2, 20 multiparous Holstein cows producing approximately 40 kg/day of milk were assigned to two treatments; fed RPLys (16 g/day as lysine) and RPMet (6.5 g/day as methionine) or none (control) from 5 to 21 weeks postpartum. The consumption of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly more in the control cows throughout the experimental period. Their milk protein yield, the contents of their milk protein and milk fat were higher by 0.03 kg (P = 0.03), 0.06% (P < 0.001) and 0.11% (P = 0.07), respectively, in the treatment group compared to the control. These results suggest that the RPLys and RPMet used in this study improved the lactation performance of dairy cows.     

Influence of decoquinate on ruminal fermentation, diet digestibility and cattle performance

Three experiments utilizing three Holstein steers (235 and 299 kg avg body weight for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively) were conducted to evaluate the effects of decoquinate, a synthetic coccidiostat, on ruminal fermentation, diet digestibility and performance of steers fed a finishing diet containing monensin and tylosin. Experiment 1 utilized a 70% forage diet, whereas Exp. 2 utilized a 20% forage diet. Each experiment was a 3 X 3 Latin-square design with treatments being 0, .5 and 5 mg decoquinate/kg body weight. Ruminal fermentation characteristics, water kinetics and blood constituents were measured on d 11 of each period, and zero-time volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was measured at 3 and 6 h post-feeding on d 12 to 14. No changes were seen in plasma glucose or L-lactate, ruminal pH, NH3-N or ruminal L-lactate for either experiment. Dry matter digestibility was depressed (P less than .05) at the .5- and 5-mg levels of decoquinate in Exp. 1, but dry matter digestibility was not affected in Exp. 2. No changes were seen in ruminal volume, outflow or total VFA concentration for either experiment. Molar proportions of VFA were not affected in Exp. 1, but the proportions of isobutyrate and butyrate decreased (P less than .05) at the 5-mg level of decoquinate in Exp. 2. Volatile fatty acid production was not changed in Exp. 1, but butyrate production was decreased (P less than .05) at the 5-mg level in Exp. 2. Experiment 3 involved 135 crossbred steers (259 kg avg initial wt), which were stratified by weight into 12 pens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

烟酸对奶牛代谢和生产性能的影响

本文综述了烟酸的特点、营养作用机理;烟酸在奶牛体内代谢作用及对瘤胃微生物和瘤胃发酵的影响;烟酸对奶牛产奶性能、预防酮病的作用及奶牛生产中烟酸的需要量等多方面的研究。