农业部颁发《农药登记残留试验单位认证管理办法》

本刊讯为做好农药登记管理工作，保证农药登记残留试验的准确性和科学性，根据《农药管理条例实施办法》第五条规定，农业部最近制定并发布了《农药登记残留试验单位认证管理办法》已于8月1日起执行。农业部负责组织农药登记残留试验单位认证管理工作，并对认证合格的单位发放资格证书。农业部农药检定所承担具体工作。农药登记残留试验单位认证工作坚持公正、公平、公开的原则。申请认证的农药登记残留试验单位应具备的条件：具有独立法人资格的农业、科研、教学等从事农药残留试验工作的单位、残留实验室、技术人员、检测的仪器设备及管理…     

农药登记试验管理驶入法治新轨道

正《农药管理条例》(以下简称《条例》)强化了农药登记试验管理,规定登记试验应当由农业部认定的登记试验单位按照农业部的规定进行。农业部规章《农药登记试验管理办法》已于2017年8月1日起施行,《农药登记试验质量管理规范》《农药登记试验单位评审规则》等配套规定相继以农业部公告形式公布施行,使得农药登记试验及试验单位管理驶入法治的新轨道。对于这一新的制度安排,以下从     

中华人民共和国农业部公告第273号

根据《农药登记残留试验单位认证管理办法》(农农发[2002]10号)的有关规定,我部在全国范围内组织开展了农药登记残留试验单位认证工作。经审核,批准安徽农业大学农药残留检测中心等54个单位为农药登记残留试验认证单位。现予公告。2003年4月29日省份试验单位名称安徽安徽农业大学农药残留检测中心安徽化工研究院化工部农药工程技术中心北京中国农业大学理学院中国科学院动物研究所中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国农业科学院植物保护研究所北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所北京化工研究院环境保护研究所北京市农药检定所福建福建省农…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告第273号

根据《农药登记残留试验单位认证管理办法》(农农发[2002]10号)的有关规定,我部在全国范围内组织开展了农药登记残留试验单位认证工作。经审核,批准安徽农业大学农药残留检测中心等54个单位为农药登记残留试验认证单位。现予公告。二OO三年四月二十九日省份试验单位名称省份试验单位名称安徽农业大学农药残留检测中心吉林吉林农业大学资源与环境学院安徽化工研究院化工部农药工程技术中心吉林省农药检定所中国农业大学理学院江西江西省农药检定管理所中国科学院动物研究所辽宁化学工业农药安全评价质量监督检验中心中国科学院生态环境研究…     

农药登记的残留试验资料要求

一、凡申请农药登记必须向农牧渔业部农药检定所提供申请登记农药的详细残留试验资料(见农药品种登记资料目录),外国公司还必须提供在我国两个主要作物产区两年以上残留试验资料。(包括农药原药和有毒代谢物)     

美国EPA农药登记残留试验中样品储藏稳定性试验

<正>农药残留稳定性数据在农药登记残留试验中占有重要地位,由于残留试验样品采收后会在冰箱中存放较长时间,因此,样品储藏期间农药在样品中的稳定性研究对农药残留检测结果判定具有重要意义。我国一直缺少此方面的规定,导致农药残留基础研究数据缺乏,现翻译美国EPA农药登记残留样品储藏稳定性试验准则,供读者参考。OPPTS 860.1380样品储藏稳定性数据1范围1.1适用性该导则的目的是满足联邦杀虫     

农药登记试验样品管理办法(试行)

第一章 总则 第一条 为了贯彻实施《农药管理条例》和《农药管理条例实施办法》,加强对农药登记试验样品的管理,确保农药登记试验数据的准确性、可靠性,特制定本办法。 第二条 本办法规定的试验样品是指用于农药登记田间药效试验、毒理学试验、环境生态试验、残留试验的样品,并对上述样品实行封样和检验管理。 第三条 农业部农药检定所负责农药登记试验样品的管理工作,省级农药检定机构负责本辖区内农药登记试验样品的具体管理工作。     

农业部规定可减免原药（母药）登记和制剂的残留试验的农药范围

针对一些难以生产原药（母药）及难以完成残留试验的农药,农业部农药登记评审委员会提出了同意减免原药（母药）登记及其制剂的残留试验的农药范围。     

信息动态

农药残留稳定性数据在农药登记残留试验中占有重要地位,由于残留试验样品采收后会在冰箱中存放较长时间,因此,样品储藏期间农药在样品中的稳定性研究对农药残留检测结果判定具有重要意义.我国一直缺少此方面的规定,导致农药残留基础研究数据缺乏,现翻译美国EPA农药登记残留样品储藏稳定性试验准则,供读者参考.     

农药管理六项新规定问答（三）

61.每个大田用农药都需要进行残留试验吗? 答:不是. <农药登记资料规定>明确规定,下列农药一般不要求进行残留试验.     

Proportionality principle revisited – relationship between application rates and pesticide residue concentrations in food commodities

BACKGROUND

The proportionality principle has been broadly used for over 10 years in regulatory assessments of pesticide residues. It allows extrapolation of supervised field trial data conducted at lower or higher application rates compared to the use pattern under evaluation by adjustment of measured concentrations, assuming direct proportionality between the rates applied and the resulting residues. This work revisits the principle idea by using supervised residue trials sets conducted under identical conditions but with deviating application rates. Four different statistical methods were used to investigate the relationship between application rates and residue concentrations and to draw conclusions on the statistical significance of the direct proportionality assumed.

RESULTS

Based on over 5000 individual trial results, the assumption of direct proportionality was not confirmed to be statistically significant (P > 0.05) using three models: direct comparison of application rates and residue concentrations ratios and two linear log-log regression models correlating application rate and residue concentration or only residue concentrations per se. In addition, a fourth model analysed deviations between expected concentrations following direct proportional adjustment and measured residue values from corresponding field trials. In 56% of all cases, the deviation was larger than ±25%, which represents the tolerance usually accepted for the selection of supervised field trials in regulatory assessments.

CONCLUSION

Overall, the assumption of direct proportionality between application rates and resulting residue concentrations of pesticides was not statistically significant. Although the proportionality approach is highly pragmatic in regulatory practice, its use should be considered carefully on a case-by-case basis. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的残留行为研究

为考察氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的残留行为,于2016年在山西、山东、天津、安徽、云南和河南进行了氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的规范残留田间试验。两种作物均包括6地的最终残留量试验和1地的消解动态试验。按照现行的蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留测定的国家标准方法对样品进行检测,对方法的有效性进行了评价。田间试验结果表明:氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的消解动态均符合准一级动力学方程,消解半衰期分别为3.2 d和1.8 d。最后一次施药3、5和7 d后,氯氰菊酯在茼蒿上的残留中值分别为1.64、1.19和0.89 mg/kg,在油麦菜上的残留中值分别为0.84、0.50和0.28 mg/kg。结合不同试验点试验期间昼夜平均气温发现,气温对氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的残留量有明显影响。施药期间较低的气温下,氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上消解缓慢,残留风险明显增大。建议在实际生产中遇到低温天气应适当延长采收间隔期,另外在开展农药残留田间试验时应重视气象条件对残留试验结果的影响。     

吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇在桃中的残留与膳食风险评估

为评估桃中吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇残留的膳食风险，开展了8个典型地域的规范残留试验，研究了收获期2种农药残留物在桃中的最终残留。利用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪 (HPLC-MS/MS)，通过改进，建立了吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇在桃中残留的分析方法。结果表明:在0.01~4.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内，吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇的进样浓度与峰面积之间具有良好线性关系(R2≥0.9906)。添加水平为0.01~4.0 mg/kg时，桃中吡唑醚菌酯的回收率范围为88%~92%，相对标准偏差 (RSD) 为5.6%~18.7%，戊唑醇的回收率范围为96%~106%，RSD为0.8%~13.2%。吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇在桃全果中的半衰期分别为7.9~13.9 d和5.4~8.9 d；在桃全果中的残留中值 (STMR) 分别为0.037和0.053 mg/kg，最高残留值 (HR) 分别为0.16和0.24 mg/kg。距末次施药后28 d，桃中吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇残留量对风险商 (RQ) 的贡献率 (RQc) 分别为0.02%和0.03%，说明通过桃摄入的吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇对我国一般人群产生的长期膳食暴露风险较低。对于短期膳食暴露风险，吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇的国家估算短期摄入量 (NESTI) 分别占急性参考剂量 (ARfD) 的0.4%和2%，对于1~6岁儿童分别占2%和4%，短期膳食暴露风险亦处于可接受水平。基于本次规范残留试验结果，总体上可认为，严格按照良好农业操作规范和标签推荐的方式施用，吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇在桃树上使用的长期和短期膳食暴露风险均是可接受的。     

Variability of pesticide residues in crop units

The results of 89 new field trials and 11 supervised trials were considered, together with 91 sets of residue data evaluated earlier. The datasets consisted of 22,643 valid residue data. As all variability factors calculated from individual sample sets are affected by the uncertainties of sampling and analysis, the average of the P(0.975)/R(ave) (97.5th percentile of the residue population divided by the average residues in the lot) values gives the best estimate for the variability factor. The Harrell-Davis (H-D) method gave an average value of 2.89 for the variability factor for all samples, while the average variability factors obtained from samples derived from the new field and supervised trials were 2.8 and 2.7 with the IUPAC and H-D methods respectively. The number of residue values below the LOQ in a sample set significantly affects the observed variability factors. It was found that datasets containing over 20% non-quantifiable residues might not reflect the true variability of the residues. Mixing of treated and non-treated commodities may significantly increase the apparent variability. Consequently, only datasets of known origin and consisting of well-quantifiable residues should be used for estimation of the variability factor. Samples taken from marketed lots may not represent a single lot, and thus they have limited value in estimating the variability factor. The large number of residue data confirms the applicability of the default variability factor of 3 adopted by the FAO/WHO for deterministic estimation of the acute intake of pesticide residues.     

韭菜中腐霉利的残留检测及长期膳食暴露评估

建立了一种简便、高效的QuEChERS前处理结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测韭菜中腐霉利残留量的方法.于2019年在中国黑龙江、辽宁、河南、山东、安徽、湖南、广西及福建8地开展了田间规范残留试验,研究了腐霉利在韭菜中的残留风险,并进行了韭菜中腐霉利残留的长期膳食暴露评估.样品采用乙腈提取,N-丙基...     

国际上农药残留物定义的制定原则综述

建立完善的农药残留标准与监管体系是确保良好农业规范正确实施、保障农产品安全及人体健康的重要措施。文章就国际上不同监管体系中农药残留物定义的一般性原则、残留物定义的组成及各国的不同规定等进行了阐述,明确了农药残留物定义的组成、分类及目的,同时简要介绍了我国目前农药残留物定义制定现状及国际发展新趋势,旨在为进一步规范我国农药残留物定义的制定及市场农药残留监管提供参考。     

Comparison of Programmed and Supervised Control Systems for Field Crops1

The effects of increasing inputs of pesticides, nitrogen and growth regulators were studied in field trials in winter wheat and spring barley in southern Sweden. The trials also included a comparison of different strategies: no control, routine control and supervised control. In 1982 EPIPRE, a computerized pest and disease management system developed in the Netherlands, was included. High inputs of nitrogen only slightly influenced the yields. In winter wheat, routine control, comprising one insecticide and three fungicide sprays, heavily increased the yield and was more profitable than supervised control. On an average only 1.2 pesticide sprays were carried out in supervised plots. However, in spring barley supervised control was slightly more profitable than routine control comprising one fungicide and one insecticide application. The average number of sprays in supervised was 0.6 only. In both winter wheat and barley the yield increase for routine control significantly increased with increasing nitrogen level. In barley a significant relationship between number of aphids per tiller and yield increase could be proved.     

虫螨腈在姜中的残留量及消解动态研究

为评价虫螨腈在姜中使用的安全性,开展虫螨腈在姜中的残留量及残留降解研究。进行1年4地田间试验。消解动态试验按360g a.i/ha施药;最终残留试验按72g a.i/ha和108 g a.i/ha施药,施药1~2次,施药间隔7d,施药后7、14、21d采样姜样品。气相色谱对虫螨腈进行定量分析。田间消解动态试验表明:虫螨腈在植株中消解较快,在山东和安徽半衰期分别为6.0、8.2d。最终21d姜样品中虫螨腈的残留量在低于0.01~0.0495mg/kg,低于欧盟和日本制定的虫螨腈在姜中最大残留限量(0.05mg/kg)。     

Pesticide residues in food--acute dietary exposure

Consumer risk assessment is a crucial step in the regulatory approval of pesticide use on food crops. Recently, an additional hurdle has been added to the formal consumer risk assessment process with the introduction of short-term intake or exposure assessment and a comparable short-term toxicity reference, the acute reference dose. Exposure to residues during one meal or over one day is important for short-term or acute intake. Exposure in the short term can be substantially higher than average because the consumption of a food on a single occasion can be very large compared with typical long-term or mean consumption and the food may have a much larger residue than average. Furthermore, the residue level in a single unit of a fruit or vegetable may be higher by a factor (defined as the variability factor, which we have shown to be typically x3 for the 97.5th percentile unit) than the average residue in the lot. Available marketplace data and supervised residue trial data are examined in an investigation of the variability of residues in units of fruit and vegetables. A method is described for estimating the 97.5th percentile value from sets of unit residue data. Variability appears to be generally independent of the pesticide, the crop, crop unit size and the residue level. The deposition of pesticide on the individual unit during application is probably the most significant factor. The diets used in the calculations ideally come from individual and household surveys with enough consumers of each specific food to determine large portion sizes. The diets should distinguish the different forms of a food consumed, eg canned, frozen or fresh, because the residue levels associated with the different forms may be quite different. Dietary intakes may be calculated by a deterministic method or a probabilistic method. In the deterministic method the intake is estimated with the assumptions of large portion consumption of a 'high residue' food (high residue in the sense that the pesticide was used at the highest recommended label rate, the crop was harvested at the smallest interval after treatment and the residue in the edible portion was the highest found in any of the supervised trials in line with these use conditions). The deterministic calculation also includes a variability factor for those foods consumed as units (eg apples, carrots) to allow for the elevated residue in some single units which may not be seen in composited samples. In the probabilistic method the distribution of dietary consumption and the distribution of possible residues are combined in repeated probabilistic calculations to yield a distribution of possible residue intakes. Additional information such as percentage commodity treated and combination of residues from multiple commodities may be incorporated into probabilistic calculations. The IUPAC Advisory Committee on Crop Protection Chemistry has made 11 recommendations relating to acute dietary exposure.     

嘧霉胺在蓝莓中的残留行为及膳食风险评估

为明确嘧霉胺在蓝莓上施用后可能产生的膳食暴露风险,通过规范的田间残留试验,检测了蓝莓中嘧霉胺的残留量,结合GEMS/FOOD中关于中国各年龄段居民97.5%位点的浆果类农产品膳食消费量及体重调查数据、每日允许摄入量 (ADI),评估了嘧霉胺对中国各消费人群的长期膳食摄入风险。结果表明:在0.01~1 mg/kg添加水平范围内,嘧霉胺的平均回收率在97%~100%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在4.5%~12%之间;嘧霉胺在蓝莓中的检测方法定量限（LOQ）为0.01 mg/kg。露地栽培模式下,嘧霉胺在蓝莓中的消解速率符合一级反应动力学方程,消解半衰期为 3.2 d。嘧霉胺按有效成分360 g/hm2施药2次,每次间隔7 d,药后3、5、7、10 d 时蓝莓中嘧霉胺的残留量为 0.18~1.54 mg/kg。膳食风险评估表明,在膳食消费量97.5%位点处,蓝莓中嘧霉胺残留对各消费人群长期膳食摄入风险的贡献率小于0.1%,说明通过蓝莓摄入嘧霉胺残留对人体产生的长期膳食摄入风险较小。