猪支原体肺炎活疫苗（168株）气溶胶免疫后呼吸道sIgA分泌及抗原存留规律

猪支原体肺炎是由猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ,Mhp)引起的猪的一种慢性呼吸道疾病,严重影响养猪业发展,活疫苗气溶胶免疫是防治该病的新措施。为研究猪肺炎支原体活疫苗(168株)经气溶胶免疫后,疫苗株在免疫猪肺内的占位存留规律,选用3周龄不吃初乳猪27头,随机分为3组,G1气溶胶免疫组12头,G2肺内免疫组12头,同时设立阴性对照3头。分别于免疫后第2 h、7 d、14 d及28 d进行鼻拭子Mhp sIgA检测以及血清抗体检测。另外在上述时间点分别宰杀G1和G2组各3头,对照组在实验组免疫后第28 d宰杀,采集肺泡灌洗液,分别进行Mhp sIgA检测及Mhp疫苗株含量检测。结果显示:(1)所有试验猪至实验结束,Mhp血清抗体未出现转阳现象;(2)鼻拭子sIgA水平G1组在免疫后第14 d与对照组相比上升,差异具有显著统计学意义(p <0.05);G2组在免疫后第7 d和14 d与相应的对照组相比上升,差异具有显著统计学意义(p <0.05),各时间点G1组与G2组sIgA水平差异不具备统计学意义(p >0.05);(3)G1组肺泡灌洗液中的 sIgA在免疫后14 d部分转阳(阳性率33.33%),28 d全部转阳(阳性率100%);G2组在免疫14 d时已全部转阳(阳性率100%),各时间点G1组与G2组sIgA水平差异不具备统计学意义(p >0.05);(4)气溶胶免疫组肺泡灌洗液内Mhp疫苗株浓度在免疫后第2 h、7 d、14 d和28 d分别是相应肺内免疫组的0.37倍、1.01倍、0.88倍以及0.52倍。猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)经气溶胶免疫后,和肺内免疫一样可以诱导免疫猪的局部黏膜免疫以及具有同等的占位效应,且经气溶胶免疫的疫苗株在免疫仔猪体内的增殖水平可能与其诱导的黏膜免疫水平相关。     

纳米氧化锌对肉仔鸡血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究纳米氧化锌对肉仔鸡生化指标的影响。选取1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分为4个处理,处理1为对照组,在基础日粮中添加80mg/kg氧化锌,处理2、3、4组分别添加40、80、200mg/kg钠米氧化锌。分别于14和28日龄每个处理组随机取6只鸡测血清生化指标。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组28日龄血清锌含量都表现出提高的趋势,其中处理4达到显著水平(P<0.05);处理3和处理4显著提高28日龄血清谷草转氨酶(P<0.05)活性,处理2也表现出明显的提高趋势;在14日龄各试验组血清总蛋白含量均表现出提高的趋势,其中处理2达到显著水平(P<0.05),血清球蛋白和白蛋白也表现出提高的趋势。但在28日龄处理3却显著降低血清白蛋白含量(P<0.05),处理2和处理4也表现出降低的趋势;处理3和处理4显著提高了14日龄血清胆固醇含量(P<0.05),处理2也表现出提高趋势,但28日龄各处理却表现出降低的趋势,其中处理2达到显著水平(P<0.05)。因此,在本试验条件下,添加40mg/kg钠米氧化锌对肉仔鸡血清锌、GLU、AKP、AST和ALT活性未产生影响;添加200mg/kg钠米氧化锌可以提高肉仔鸡血清锌含量;添加80和200mg/kg钠米氧化锌影响肉仔鸡血清谷草转氨酶活性和胆固醇含量。     

日粮酸性洗涤纤维水平对新西兰种公兔精液品质、血液生化指标和生殖激素的影响

试验旨在探讨不同酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fibre,ADF)水平对2岁新西兰种公兔精液品质、血清生化指标和生殖激素的影响。选用2岁龄种公兔80只,按体重随机分成4组,每组20个重复,每个重复1只,分别饲喂ADF水平为13%、16%、19%、22%的日粮。结果表明, ADF水平对试验兔射精量和精液品质影响差异显著(P<0.05), 试验3组射精量显著高于试验1、2组(P<0.05),试验3、4组精液密度显著高于试验1、2组(P<0.05),试验3组精子活力显著高于其它3组(P<0.05);ADF水平对试验兔血清总蛋白和总胆固醇影响差异显著(P<0.05),试验2、3组总蛋白显著高于试验1组(P<0.05),试验1组胆固醇显著高于其它组(P<0.05);ADF水平对试验兔生殖激素含量影响显著(P<0.05),试验2组促黄体素、睾酮和雌二醇显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),试验2组促卵泡素显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05)。因此,2岁新西兰种公兔适宜的ADF 水平应为16%~19%,甚至可以提高到22%。     

Termination of pseudopregnancy by administration of prostaglandin F2alpha and termination of early pregnancy by administration of prostaglandin F2alpha or colchicine or by removal of embryo in mares.

At day 24 of gestation, pregnant mares were allotted to 1 of 5 treatment groups (3 to 5 mares/group): group A--nontreated controls; group B--intraembryonic injection of 4 mg of colchicine on day 24; group C--removal of embryo on day 24; group D--subcutaneous injection of 1.25 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on day 32; and group E--removal of embryo on day 24 and subcutaneous injection of PGF2alpha on day 32. In all mares treated with colchicine (group B), the fetal bulge was absent within 2 days. The interval from injection of colchicine to onset of estrus was very short (mean, 4 days). These results indicated that treatment with colchicine was lethal to the 24-day embryo, and pseudopregnancy did not occur. Surgical removal of the embryo (group C) resulted in pseudopregnancy characterized by a prolonged interval from treatment to return to estrus (mean, greater than 31 days), prolonged production of progesterone, and prolonged maintenance of tense uterine and cervical tone. The interval from treatment to ovulatory estrus was longer (P less than 0.05) for group C mares than for group B mares. The mean interval from treatment to complete loss of tense tubular uterine tone was not significantly different between group A pregnant controls (28.3 days) and group C pseudopregnant mares (30 days). Treatment of pregnant mares (group D) with a single injection of PGF2alpha on day 32 resulted in loss of pregnancy in 4 of 4 mares within 2 to 5 days, and in all group D mares a large decrease in progesterone concentration occurred on day 33, 34, or 35. Although subsequent reproductive activity was variable, all group D mares rapidly lost the tense uterine and cervical tone characteristic of early pregnancy. These results indicated that a single subcutaneous injection of 1.25 mg of PGF2alpha caused loss of pregnancy, and pseudopregnancy did not occur. Treatment of group E mares, which had been made pseudopregnant by removal of embryo, with 1.25 mg of PGF2alpha resulted in termination of pseudopregnancy in 5 of 5 mares. All group E mares returned to estrus within 2 to 5 days after treatment, and progesterone concentration decreased (P less than 0.05) within 2 days after treatment. There was no significant difference in loss of tense tubular uterine or cervical tone between pregnant (group D) and pseudopregnant (group E) mares after PGF2alpha treatment.     

不同的采食量对种鸡增重、成活率及均匀度的影响

试验旨在研究不同的采食量对种鸡增重、成活率、均匀度的影响.将7周龄7 950只种鸡随机分成3组.基础饲粮组A(♂)和B(♀)为对照组,试验组分别在基础饲粮上增加2 g(A+2组)和减少2 g(A-2组);增加3 g(B+3组)和减少3 g(B-3组).结果 表明:A+2组的平均增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),B+3...     

二脒那秦内源性激活血管紧张素转化酶2对细胞脂质沉积的抑制效应及其机制

旨在通过诱导3T3-L1前脂肪细胞转分化为3T3-L1脂肪细胞，探讨二脒那秦（DIZE）内源性激活血管紧张素转化酶2（ACE 2）对细胞脂质沉积的抑制效应及机制。对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞转分化，将分化成功的3T3-L1脂肪细胞分为对照组、DIZE组（12.5、25 μmol·L^-1处理），siACE2组和siACE2+DIZE组（siACE2干扰后+25 μmol·L^-1 DIZE），作用48 h，取上清和细胞进行试验：1）测定细胞上清中三酰甘油和葡萄糖含量；2）油红O染色细胞，并进行定量分析；3） Western blot检测细胞内ACE2和脂肪酸合成关键酶或因子FAS、ACC和SREBP-1c及葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT4与氧化分解关键酶CS的蛋白表达水平。结果显示：1）成功诱导得到了3T3-L1脂肪细胞，前脂肪细胞诱导至第14天，有95%以上细胞内出现脂滴；2）确定了DIZE作用浓度为12.5和25 μmol·L^-1，处理时间为48 h，并用该药物浓度及时间处理3T3-L1脂肪细胞，细胞上清中三酰甘油含量显著降低（P<0.05），葡萄糖含量显著升高（P<0.05）；25 μmol·L^-1 DIZE处理组细胞脂滴减少，siACE2组无显著变化，siACE2+DIZE组脂滴蓄积介于对照组和DIZE组之间； 25 μmol·L^-1 DIZE组ACE2蛋白水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；siACE2组显著下调（P<0.05），siACE2+DIZE组较siACE2组无明显变化；3）与对照组相比25 μmol·L^-1 DIZE组细胞中FAS、ACC和SREBP-1c蛋白表达下调，siACE2组和siACE2+DIZE组则表达均上调；4）与对照组相比，25 μmol·L^-1 DIZE组GLUT4和CS蛋白表达水平显著上调（P<0.05），siACE2组和siACE2+DIZE组则均显著下调（P<0.05）。综上所述，DIZE处理通过介导脂肪细胞ACE2的内源性激活改善了脂肪细胞的脂肪沉积。其机理：一方面抑制脂质合成；另一方面促进葡萄糖摄取和氧化代谢，两方面协同减少了脂肪沉积。结果提示，ACE2或DIZE可作为防控脂肪沉积发生和发展的潜在靶点或药物。     

补饲非蛋白氮补充料对放牧牛群生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究补饲非蛋白氮（NPN）补充料对放牧牛群生产性能的影响。试验在春末夏初放牧前,选择30头9~10月龄、体重150~170 kg的中国西门塔尔太行类群小公牛,分为对照组、试验1组和试验2组,进行放牧加补饲试验。试验1组日补饲玉米粉1.0 kg;试验2组在试验1组的基础上增补NPN补充料0.25 kg。进行了为期100 d的放牧补饲效果试验。结果表明,对照组、试验1组、试验2组日增重分别为0.622、0.839和1.051 kg。试验1组比对照组日增重提高217 g;试验2组比对照组和试验1组日增重分别提高429和212 g。3组间增重差异显著。因此,北方山坡草地放牧牛群补饲少量精料效果明显,同时,补喂少量NPN补充料经济效益更为显著。     

Effect of administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha on embryo recovery from the uterus on day 5 after ovulation in mares

Ten mares were used to investigate the effect of administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha on uterine tubal motility, as reflected by embryo recovery from the uterus 5 days after ovulation (day 0). Mares were assigned to 3 groups: group A, uterine flush for embryo recovery on day 7; group B, uterine flush for embryo recovery on day 5; and group C, uterine flush for embryo recovery on day 5, after treatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha (10 mg, IM) on day 3. Each mare was assigned to each group once. Embryo recovery rates for the 3 groups were: A, 6 of 10; B, 2 of 8; and C, 0 of 10. The embryo recovery rate for group C was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that for group A. Embryo recovery rate for group B was not significantly different from group A or group C. Administration of prostaglandin on day 3 did not increase embryo recovery rate from the uterus on day 5. Additionally, the 25% embryo recovery rate (2 of 8) for group B mares suggested an earlier time for entry of the embryo into the uterus than has previously been reported.     

温度对皖西白鹅种蛋孵化率的影响

选取存放4d的皖西白鹅种蛋5866枚,随机分为3组,在其他孵化条件相同的情况下,分别设定不同的孵化温度。结果表明:第1组受精蛋孵化率平均为75.30%,第2组平均为74.25%,第3组平均为62.85%,第1组与第2组受精蛋孵化率差异不显著,第3组受精蛋孵化率分别与第1组、第2组受精蛋孵化率均差异显著(P<0.05)。     

日粮蛋白质水平对奶牛产后卵巢机能恢复及生殖激素的影响

[目的]本试验旨在探讨不同蛋白质水平日粮对奶牛产后卵巢机能恢复及生殖激素的影响,以确定奶牛日粮适宜蛋白质水平.[方法]采用单因素对比实验设计,根据生理状况和泌乳性能相近原则将72头中国荷斯坦牛,随机分成3组,每组24头,分别在围产期和泌乳盛期饲喂9.8%(A1)和13.8%(A2)、12.6%(B1)和16.2%(B2...     

真武汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的防治作用

选用15日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡256只,随机分成C1、C2、T1、T24个处理组。C1组在常温(18~22℃)环境中饲养,饮水中不添加任何药物,为正常对照组;T1、T2和C2组在低温(8~12℃)环境中饲养。人工复制肉鸡腹水综合征(AS)模型,T1组饮水中按肉鸡体重添加真武汤口服液剂量为0.8 mL.kg-1(中药组);T2组饮水中添加维生素C和维生素E,剂量分别为0.5 g.L-1和0.1 g.L-1,作为药物预防组(维生素组),用药期均为20 d;C2组饮水中不添加任何药物,为模型对照组,以探讨真武汤口服液对肉鸡AS的预防效果。结果表明:整个试验期间,T1、C1组腹水发病率极显著低于C2组(P<0.01),T2组腹水发病率显著低于C2组(P<0.05),T1、C1组发病率最低,为3.13%,C2组发病率最高,为17.19%;C2组腹水心脏指数(AHI)极显著高于C1组(P<0.01),显著高于T1组(P<0.05);T1组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于C2组(P<0.05),同时T1组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于C2组(P<0.05)。结论:饮水中添加真武汤口服液,能提高机体抗氧化能力,改善血液组织中的理化参数,提高机体抗冷应激能力,明显降低腹水综合征的发生。     

Effect of sulfadimethoxine-ormetoprim in the treatment of calves with induced Pasteurella pneumonia

The efficacy of sulfadimethoxine (SDM)-ormetoprim (OMP) was evaluated in calves with induced Pasteurella pneumonia. A dose-titration study comparing 3 doses of SDM-OMP was performed to determine the optimal dose. Treatments included: group 1--nontreated controls; group 2--33 mg of SDM-OMP/kg of body weight, orally on day 1 and 17 mg/kg on days 2 to 5; group 3--66 mg of SDM-OMP/kg, orally on day 1 and 33 mg/kg on days 2 to 5; group 4--99 mg of SDM-OMP/kg, orally on day 1 and 50 mg/kg on days 2 to 5; and group 5--11 mg of oxytetracycline/kg, IV daily for 4 days. Group-2 calves responded to treatment as well as did group-5 calves. Group-4 calves responded the same as did group-3 calves. However, group-2 calves did not respond as well as did groups 3, 4, and 5 calves.     

雏鸭铜中毒的实验观察

1日龄天府肉鸭健雏210只随机分为三组,分别喂给铜12.16mg/kg(对照或1组)、850mg/kg(2组)和1050mg/kg(3组)日粮7周。结果表明,后两组雏鸭分别于3周龄和2周龄开始出现临床症状,生长发育迟缓,并出现死亡;血红蛋白含量和红细胞数量显著低于对照组(p<0.05),红细胞变形、变性,大小不等;血清铜含量和肝铜含量极显著高于对照组(p<0.01)。     

发酵湿料对奶牛产奶量和饲料消化率的影响

[目的]观察饲喂微生物发酵后的发酵湿料对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及其对饲料消化率的影响。[方法]选用全群泌乳期奶牛,按试验目的均匀分为4组,分别为新高产空白组(1组)、新高产试验组(2组)、中低产空白组(3组)、中低产试验组(4组)。新高产试验组(2组)和中低产试验组(4组)每头牛每天饲喂2kg的发酵湿料,新高产空白组(1组)和中低产空白组(3组)不饲喂发酵湿料。[结果]发酵湿料对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛产奶量有明显影响(P<0.05);新高产试验组(2组)奶牛采食量高于新高产空白组(1组);粪筛数据显示,试验组与空白组相比,粪筛第一层比例普遍低2.80%~4.89%。[结论]泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛饲喂发酵湿料可显著提高奶牛产奶量及其对饲料的消化率。     

Evaluation of Percutaneous Gastrostomy as a Technique for Permanent Gastropexy

Objective- This study was designed to evaluate right-sided percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) as a method for creation of a permanent gastropexy.
Study Design- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy adhesions were evaluated by gross examination and by mechanical testing and the results were compared with those obtained by conventional incisional gastropexy.
Animals or Sample Population- Fourteen mixed-breed dogs.
Methods- Incisional gastropexies were performed on the dogs of group one (N = 7) and PEG tubes were placed in the dogs of group 2 (N = 7). All skin sutures (group 1) and PEG tubes (group 2) were removed on day 14. The animals were maintained for an additional 44 days before euthanasia and immediate necropsy. Gastropexy adhesions were evaluated and collected for biomechanical evaluation using a materials testing machine.
Results- The duration of the procedure for group 2 was less (32.86 min ±7.65) than for group 1 (56.29 min ±8.28). The number of complications was not significantly different between group 1 and group 2 ( P =.103). Gastroperitoneal adhesions were present in 7 of 7 dogs in group 1 and 4 of 7 dogs in group 2. The adhesion lengths and widths were significantly larger in dogs in group 1 compared with those in group 2. The adhesions present in group 1 dogs sustained significantly greater tensile loads to failure (61.98 ±14.65 N), compared with the adhesions present in group 2 dogs (22.31 ±26.87 N).
Conclusions- Right-sided PEG inconsistently formed a weak gastropexy and the procedure was associated with a trend toward greater morbidity than incisional gastropexy.
Clinical Relevance- Right-sided PEG is not recommended as a means of prophylactic gastropexy.     

Effect of strategic anthelmintic treatment and pasture management on productivity and control of nematode parasites in weaner-yearling beef cattle

Three groups of 17 beef calves were used to evaluate effects of strategic anthelmintic treatment on safe (group 1) and contaminated (group 2) pasture in comparison with minimal treatment at weaning and contaminated pasture (group 3). The investigation extended from weaning in November 1982 to the following August. Results of faecal egg counts, herbage larval counts, plasma pepsinogen and tracer calf worm counts in autumn and spring indicated minimal levels of infection on safe pastures provided in November and April (group 1). A decided weight gain advantage for group 1 was achieved from November to April, but the rate of gain was not consistent after April and transfer to the second safe pasture. Final average weights in late August were: group 1, 368 kg; group 2, 336 kg; group 3, 262 kg. All were significantly different (P less than 0.05). Worm counts from representative yearlings in September revealed low to moderate levels of Ostertagia ostertagi in group 1. In contrast group 2 cattle had large, almost exclusively O ostertagi infections; group 3 cattle had exceedingly high levels of Trichostrongylus axei infection and moderate to high levels of O ostertagi. Marginal evidence of type 2 ostertagiasis was observed in individual animals of group 2 and group 3.     

杆菌肽锌和喹乙醇对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选用600只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡,随机分成3组,每组2个重复。第1组基础日粮＋30×10－6杆菌肽锌,第2组基础日粮＋20×10－6喹乙醇,第3组喂基础日粮为对照组,试验期42天。结果表明,第1和第2组鸡全或平均日增重较第3组分别提高8．12％（P＜0．05）和6．49％（P＜0.05）,料肉比分别下降10．85％（P＜0．05）和9．43％（P＜0．05）,死亡率分别下降3.97个百分点（P＞O．05）和4.76个百分点（P＞0．05）。第1组与第2组相比各指标差异不显著（P＞0．05）。     

液态复合添加剂对断奶1周内仔猪生长性能、养分消化率及血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究仔猪断奶1周内补饲液态复合饲料添加剂对其生长性能、养分消化率、消化道p H及血液指标的影响。挑选20日龄仔猪105头,断奶前屠宰5头,其他100头在21日龄断奶后分为对照组和试验组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组仔猪饲喂教槽料,试验组仔猪在每次饲喂教槽料后补喂液态复合饲料添加剂(主要成分为酸化剂、中药提取物、壳寡糖、复合离子调节剂)。试验从断奶当天至断奶后第8天,共计7 d。结果表明:试验组的平均日增重高于对照组(P0.05),腹泻率显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验组粗蛋白和钙的表观消化率较对照组显著增加(P0.05);试验组仔猪断奶后第2天和第8天胃部p H、断奶后第8天十二指肠p H、断奶后第4天回肠p H均显著低于对照组(P0.05),断奶后第4天氯离子含量、断奶后第2天和第8天球蛋白、断奶后第4天和第8天血清Ig G和Ig A含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而断奶后第2天血清尿素氮显著低于对照组(P0.05)。由此表明,断奶1周内给仔猪补饲液态复合饲料添加剂,可降低消化道p H,提高养分消化率,并改善机体免疫功能,从而提高仔猪断奶1周内的生长性能,降低仔猪腹泻率。     

苷元型大豆异黄酮对母羊氧化应激、乳中免疫球蛋白和羔羊生长的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平的苷元型大豆异黄酮对妊娠后期及泌乳期母羊氧化应激、乳中免疫球蛋白和羔羊生长的影响。试验选用33只年龄、体重、胎次相近的妊娠100 d的崇明白山羊,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮(C0组,11只),试验组分别在基础日粮中添加20 mg/kg(T1组,9只)和30 mg/kg(T2组,13只)苷元型大豆异黄酮。结果表明:T1和T2组母羊的窝产羔数、初生窝重、断奶窝重和窝日增重显著高于C0组(P0.05);分娩当日,T2组母羊血清中过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量显著低于C0和T1组(P0.05);与T1和T2组相比,C0组血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性最高(P0.05),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)最低(P0.05),3组间丙二醛(MDA)无显著差异(P0.05);在泌乳21 d,T2组母羊血清中H_2O_2含量显著低于C0和T1组(P0.05);与C0和T2组相比,T1组血清中T-SOD活性最高(P0.05),3组的T-AOC和MDA无显著差异(P0.05);T1和T2组初乳中免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)含量显著高于C0组(P0.05)。结果提示,在妊娠后期及泌乳期母羊饲粮中添加苷元型大豆异黄酮可有效减缓母羊的氧化损伤,提高初乳中免疫球蛋白含量,促进羔羊生长发育,且添加量以30 mg/kg效果更显著。