饲料中添加羽毛粉对小型成犬适口性、蛋白质表观消化率及体重影响

试验研究酶解羽毛粉对小型成犬适口性、蛋白质表观消化率及体重的影响。采用4种日粮,以部分羽毛粉替代鸡肉粉,分别为Ⅰ(对照日粮)、Ⅱ(2%羽毛粉日粮)、Ⅲ(3%羽毛粉日粮)、Ⅳ(5%羽毛粉日粮),1～3组分别饲喂Ⅰ与Ⅱ日粮、Ⅰ与Ⅲ日粮、Ⅰ与Ⅳ日粮。适口性试验结果表明:以2%羽毛粉替代鸡肉粉时,采食率与对照日粮组差异不显著(P0.05);以3%羽毛粉替代鸡肉粉时,采食率显著低于对照日粮组(P0.05);以5%羽毛粉替代鸡肉粉时,采食率极显著低于对照日粮组(P0.01)。消化代谢及生长试验结果表明:羽毛粉影响犬对日粮蛋白表观消化率,与对照组相比,2%、3%、5%羽毛粉组粗蛋白质表观消化率分别降低3.28%(P0.05)、3.83%(P0.01)、8.51%(P0.01);5%羽毛粉组结束体重较初始体重降低5.39%(P0.05),其余各组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

染料木黄酮对高能日粮肉鸡胆固醇代谢的影响

为研究染料木黄酮(Gen)对高能日粮肉鸡胆固醇代谢的影响,试验选用11日龄AA肉鸡300只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2个豆油高能组日粮中增加豆油(5.6%,11~21 d)和(6.6%,22~42 d)使代谢能提高5%,其中1个豆油组添加50 mg/kg Gen;2个猪油高能组增加猪油(5.1%,11~21 d)和(6.2%,22~42 d)使日粮代谢能提高5%,其中1个猪油组日粮中添加50 mg/kg Gen,试验期31 d。结果表明:日粮中添加Gen后豆油高能日粮诱导的肝脏总胆固醇(TC)和血清甘油三酯(TG)显著降低,豆油和猪油高能日粮诱导的血清脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)显著降低(P0.05);添加50 mg/kg Gen可显著降低高能日粮处理组肉鸡肝脏3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)的活性及蛋白含量,同时降低固醇调节元件结合蛋白-2(SREBP-2)含量(P0.05);高能日粮提高了HMGCR基因的表达(P0.05),对CYP7A1、SREBP-2等基因的表达无显著影响(P0.05);而Gen可降低高能日粮肉鸡肝脏中上述基因的表达。在本试验条件下,高能日粮中添加50 mg/kg Gen可降低肉鸡血脂及肝脏胆固醇的合成和沉积。     

虫源性壳聚糖对产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

试验采用单因子随机区组设计,选用31周龄尼克红商品代产蛋高峰鸡480只,随机分为5个处理,分别饲喂基础日粮及基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%虫源性壳聚糖的试验日粮,研究日粮添加壳聚糖对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加1.0%的虫源性壳聚糖时,产蛋率比对照组提高了4.36%,蛋黄胆固醇含量比对照组降低了15.86%(P<0.05)。     

去盲肠鹅和未去盲肠鹅对含不同草粉日粮粗纤维组分代谢率的比较研究

本试验以扬州鹅为试验材料 ,比较了在基础日粮、添加 15 %苜蓿草粉和添加 15 %大米草粉 3种不同日粮条件下去盲肠组与未去盲肠组对纤维成分的代谢率。研究结果表明 :去盲肠鹅 3组日粮中性洗涤纤维 (NDF)的代谢率分别比未去盲肠鹅低 12 .84 ,6 .6 7和 8.13个百分点 ;去盲肠鹅对酸性洗涤纤维 (ADF)的消化率分别比未去盲肠鹅低 14 .4 9,10 .0 6和 8.86个百分点 ;但不同日粮之间的差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。在基础日粮条件下 ,去盲肠组对半纤维素的代谢率为 6 7.2 4 % ,比未去盲肠鹅低 12 .31个百分点 ,差异达到显著水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而在 15 %苜蓿草粉和15 %大米草粉日粮条件下分别比未去盲肠鹅低 4 .71和 7.4 9个百分点 ,差异均不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

枯草芽孢杆菌工程菌(WB800N-CC31)对大鼠免疫指标的影响

为了研究枯草芽孢杆菌工程菌(WB800N-CC31)对大鼠免疫指标的影响,试验选择健康SD大鼠160只,随机分成5组,每组设4个重复,每个重复8只。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B组在日粮中添加1×10~5cfu/g WB800N空载体,C组在日粮中添加1×10~5cfu/g WB800N-CC31工程菌,D组在日粮中添加2×10~5cfu/g WB800N-CC31工程菌,E组在日粮中添加3×10~5cfu/g WB800NCC31工程菌,预试期5 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:与A组相比,E组在试验后期21~40 d胸腺指数、脾脏指数显著提高(P0.05),免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM含量显著提高(P0.05);整个试验期间各组大鼠的肝脏指数无显著差异(P0.05)。说明在大鼠日粮中添加3×10~5cfu/g的WB800N-CC31工程菌最适宜。     

啤酒糟对31～59日龄建昌麻羽肉鸭生产性能、血液生化指标及胃肠道发育的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同水平啤酒糟对31~59日龄麻羽肉鸭生产性能、血液生化指标及胃肠道发育的影响。试验选用420只31日龄建昌麻羽肉鸭,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复14只麻鸭,各组分别饲喂啤酒糟水平为0、15%、30%、45%和60%的试验饲粮。饲养至59日龄。结果表明:随饲粮啤酒糟水平的增加,麻鸭59日龄体重、体增重、料重比、第4主翼羽长度均呈线性或二次曲线的变化(P0.05),且60%啤酒糟组麻鸭的生产性能显著低于其他组(P0.05)。血清总蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白的浓度随饲粮啤酒糟水平的增加呈线性降低(P0.05),而谷丙转氨酶与碱性磷酸酶的活性呈线性增加(P0.05)。麻鸭十二指肠容量、相对长度与重量,回肠的容量与相对长度,盲肠的相对重量以及肌胃相对重量随饲粮啤酒糟水平的增加呈线性增加(P0.05)。以麻鸭体增重、料重比和第4主翼羽长度为判别指标,得出饲粮啤酒糟适宜水平分别为17.4%、16.1%和18.94%。以上结果提示,在以可消化氨基酸为基础配制饲粮时,31~59日龄麻鸭饲粮中啤酒糟的适宜水平为15.00%~18.94%,最高水平可达45%。     

黄芪粉对藏羊生产性能和肉品质的影响

为探究饲粮中添加不同剂量的黄芪粉对藏羊生产性能和肉品质的影响,试验选取9月龄、体重(31±1.4)kg、健康的公藏羊24只,随机分成4组,分别在日粮中添加日采食量干物质重0%(对照组)、2%(2%黄芪组)、5%(5%黄芪组)、8%(8%黄芪组)的黄芪粉。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,在藏羊日粮中添加黄芪粉可显著提高体重、干物质采食量、胴体重和屠宰率,并显著降低耗料增重比,其中8%黄芪组试验羊的体重和胴体重最高,5%黄芪组藏羊的屠宰率最高;添加黄芪粉显著提高了眼肌面积和肾周脂肪;5%、8%黄芪粉组羊肉的失水力、剪切力、红度a*和色彩饱和度C*较对照组有显著改善,但对羊肉pH、滴水损失率、熟肉率和营养组成没有显著影响。本试验结果表明,在日粮中添加黄芪粉可以提高藏羊生产性能并改善羊肉品质,建议添加量为日粮干物质基础的5%～8%。     

日粮纤维对鹅脂肪代谢的影响

用含粗纤维水平 4 %、8%、12 %的日粮对鹅 (云南灰鹅×四川白鹅 )进行 4周饲养试验 ,试验期中及期末抽血测部分生化指标。结果 :8%纤维水平日粮组前期采食量和日增重最高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,12 %日粮组后期采食量和日增重最高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;随着日粮纤维水平的提高 ,血中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇水平显著降低 ,高密度脂蛋白—胆固醇水平提高 ;谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性水平随日粮纤维水平的增加呈上升趋势 ;载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平随日粮纤维水平提高而下降 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;12 %纤维日粮组腹脂率最低。说明 :鹅日粮纤维水平 6周龄前以 8%、6周龄后以 12 % ,对鹅生长和维持较低血脂水平及降低腹脂有利。     

不同脂肪来源和水平对高温条件下蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究高温条件下日粮添加不同脂肪来源和水平对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验将480只31周龄的海兰褐壳蛋鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只。对照组日粮代谢能含量为2800 kcal/kg,不添加脂肪,其他4组日粮分别添加2%或4%动物脂肪或大豆油,所有日粮中的能量和营养浓度保存一致,试验共进行28 d,试验期间室内平均温度和湿度分别为(26.7±1.52)℃和(77.4±4.50)%,热应激指数约为76。结果发现:日粮添加2%或4%动物脂肪的蛋鸡体重显著高于对照组和大豆油组(P<0.05),动物脂肪或大豆油组较对照组显著提高蛋鸡体增重(P<0.05),同时日粮中添加脂肪的蛋鸡采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,4%大豆油组蛋壳厚度显著降低(P<0.05),而日粮中添加4%大豆油较4%动物脂肪显著降低了蛋黄颜色(P<0.05)。结论:在能量和营养水平保持不变情况下,日粮中添加油脂(动物脂肪或大豆油)对在高温条件下饲养的蛋鸡有降低体重损失的作用。但日粮中添加脂肪会降低蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色。     

发酵豆粕作为植物蛋白源对保育猪的影响Ⅰ.对生长性能的影响

选用671头保育猪进行了4个试验用以评价发酵豆粕(FSBM)作为新型植物蛋白源对保育猪的影响。试验1:192头断奶日龄为(19.2±0.3)d的保育猪分为3个处理(每处理8圈),饲喂3种日粮:对照日粮(不含FSBM),以3%FSBM替代豆粕的日粮,以6%FSBM替代豆粕的日粮。饲喂2周后,所有保育猪饲喂常规日粮2周。试验2:160头断奶日龄为(21.6±0.2)d的仔猪分为4个处理(每处理5圈),饲喂4种日粮:对照日粮(不含FSBM,但含有25%脱脂奶粉DSM),及在保证粗蛋白质水平一致的情况下分别以3%、6%和9%FSBM替代DSM的3种日粮,饲喂2周。试验日粮中粗蛋白质、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸水平与试验一保持一致。试验3:144头断奶日龄为(22.1±0.2)d的仔猪分成3个处理(每处理6圈),饲喂3种日粮:对照日粮(不含FSBM但含40%DSM),分别以5%和10%FSBM替代DSM的2种日粮(蛋白质水平相同),饲喂2周。日粮中粗蛋白质、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸及乳糖水平保持一致。试验4:175头断奶日龄为(20.7±0.4)d的仔猪分为5个处理(每处理5圈),饲喂5种日粮,分别为基础日粮(粗蛋白质水平为15.5%,无血浆蛋白(PP)和FSBM),含有3.7%PP或4.9%FSBM(粗蛋白质含量为18.4%)的2种日粮,含有7.3%PP和9.8%FSBM(粗蛋白质含量均为21.2%)的2种日粮,饲喂3周。粗蛋白质水平相同日粮中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸含量保持一致。试验中猪自由采食和饮水,每周记录体重和采食量。利用6%FSBM替代豆粕可以显著提高增重/耗料比(P0.05)并改善腹泻状况(试验1)。利用9%FSBM替代DSM显著降低保育猪日增重(P0.05)和增重/耗料比(试验2)。在乳糖含量相同情况下,FSBM可代替日粮中10%的DSM而对日增重和增重/耗料比无影响(试验3)。FSBM中蛋白质的生物有效性相对于PP而言为99.1%(试验4)。总之,FSBM可选择性替代日粮中DSM和PP作为3～7周龄保育猪的蛋白源,但不能用于替代断奶后第1周仔猪日粮中PP,由于此时日粮中氨基酸和乳糖仍需平衡。     

The effect of different high levels of soy extract pellets in the ration on the digestibility of crude nutrients, basic and sulfur-containing amino acids of wheat in colostomized laying hybrids

In two digestibility experiments with 4 colostomized laying hybrids each, the influence of 12.5% (ration 1) and 25% soybean meal (ration 2) on the digestibility of the crude nutrients, the basic and sulphur-containing amino acids in the wheat rations was tested. In ration 1 the digestibility of the crude protein was 84.9%, of the crude fat 56.6% and that of the N-free extractives 87.4%; for ration 2 the values were 83.6%, 47.4% and 82.5%. The digestibility values for wheat acquired with the difference method for ration 1 were 85.7% for crude protein, 57.0% for crude fat and 89.8% for N-free extractives; energy concentration was 766 EFUhens. For wheat supplemented with 25% soybean meal the same digestibility value of the crude protein could be ascertained, the digestibility of the crude fat and the N-free extractives, however, was lower than for ration 1 so that an energy concentration lower by 3.9% was calculated. The possible causes of the influence of the different levels of lysine and thioamino acids on the digestibility of these amino acids of wheat are described.     

The effect of different levels of soybean extract meal on the apparent digestibility of crude nutrients and amino acids in colostomized laying hens

Four colostomized laying hens per group were given a ration of barley and soya bean oil meal (SBM) with 12.5, 25.0 and 37.5% SBM resp. The crude protein intakes were 14.0, 17.7 and 21.4 g per animal and day. The lysine intake raised from 681 mg (group 1) to 1275 mg (group 3) per animal and day. The digestibility of dry matter and of the N-free extracts of the ration decreased with the rising SBM portion in the ration. The digestibility of crude protein remained constant. The investigated amino acids (Lys, His, Arg, Cys, Met) were higher digested in the 37.5% SBM ration than in the 12.5% SBM ration. The following digestibility values for SBM were found by means of the difference method: Dry matter 52.5%, crude protein 83.1%, crude fat 51.7%, crude fibre 5.5%, N-free extracts 50.6%. The level of the SBM did not influence the digestibility of the crude nutrients. The apparent digestibility of lysine from SBM depended on the level of intake and was found to be 82.3, 83.4 and 89.0%, resp. There were no differences in the digestibility of other amino acids.     

不同处理芭蕉芋渣对猪饲用价值研究

对芭蕉芋渣进行了氨化和发酵处理,评价了不同处理芭蕉芋渣作为猪饲料的饲用价值。结果表明：氨化处理提高了芭蕉芋渣总氮含量,粗纤维由22-32％下降为13．71％;发酵处理芭蕉芋渣粗蛋白含量由2．91％增加至15．36％,粗纤维含量由22．32％下降为11．53％。育肥猪对芭蕉芋渣的消化率很低,干物质的消化率为11．27％,粗蛋白消化率为30．23％,粗纤维消化率仅为6．09％;氨化处理芭蕉芋渣干物质消化率提高11．45％,粗纤维消化率提高12．48％;发酵处理芭蕉芋渣干物质消化率提高5．99倍,蛋白质消化率提高2．61倍,粗纤维消化率提高6．72倍。     

Investigations of the digestibility of proximate composition in commercial palm kern meal in broiler chick rations

The digestibility for crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash and nitrogen-free extract were determined for palm kernel meal samples. The test diets, identified as DA, DB and DI, were formulated to contain 10%, 20% and 40% palm kernel meal, respectively. With the exception of crude fibre and crude protein the digestibility of the nutrients of the diets decreased significantly as the dietary fibre content increased.     

日粮纤维水平对猪营养物质表观消化率的影响

为了测定日粮不同纤维水平和品种对猪营养成分表观消化率的影响,试验选用8头4月龄猪,采用4×4拉丁方设计进行试验。4种试验日粮按等能等氮设计,日粮Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ粗纤维水平分别为3%、6%、9%和12%(干物质基础),4个品种分别为莱芜猪(100%)、大莱猪(50%)、大大莱猪(25%)、大约克猪(0%)。在本试验条件下,日粮纤维在较低的范围内(3%~6%)粗蛋白质(CP)消化率随粗纤维含量的增加而提高,赖氨酸、蛋氨酸表观消化率差异不显著,CP在粗纤维含量6%时,消化率最高达到86.90%。不同品种猪对干物质、Ca、P的消化率影响极显著(P＜0.01),但莱芜猪和大约克猪对干物质、CP消化率的影响差异不显著,莱芜猪对NDF的消化率为51.44%,大约克猪为43.51%,两者之间差异极显著(P＜0.01)。NDF和ADF的表观消化率随猪血统中莱芜猪血比例的降低而显著降低,NDF在小肠中已得到有效的分解,本试验结果证实莱芜黑猪具有耐粗饲的特性。不同品种猪对必需氨基酸(EAA)的表观消化率除赖氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸外影响均不显著。     

1岁雄性梅花鹿适宜蛋白质水平的研究

为探讨不同蛋白质水平配合日粮对雄性梅花鹿消化率及血液生化指标的影响,选择14头1岁雄性梅花鹿随机分成4组,分别饲喂4种不同蛋白质水平的配合日粮(粗蛋白质含量分别为10.27%、14.26%、15.61%和18.60%)。通过饲养试验和消化试验,测定并分析仔鹿干物质采食量、体重、营养物质采食量及消化率、蛋白质采食量及消化率、料重比以及血清生化指标。结果表明,1岁雄性梅花鹿配合日粮适宜蛋白质水平为18.60%。     

The influence of stocking rate and grazing system on the crude protein content and digestibility of Tarchonanthus veld in the northern cape 1

Abstract

Four stocking rates (10, 7, 6 and 4 ha/large stock unit), in both rotational and continuous grazing, have been applied with cattle on Tarchonanthus veld. The crude protein content and digestibility of organic matter of handcut samples and herbage samples collected by means of oesophageal fistulated steers in the different treatments, were determined.

The results indicated that the crude protein content (3,9 to 6,7%) and digestibility (48,7 to 59,4%) of handcut samples was not representative of the diet of grazing cattle. The crude protein content of the samples collected by means of oesophageal fistulated steers varied from an average of 13,6%. (October to December) to an average of 5,3% (July and August). On average, the digestibility of the fistula collected samples varied between 60,4% (February to April) and 50,2% (July to October). The crude protein content of the fistula collected samples tended to increase with increasing stocking rate while digestibility declined. Both crude protein content and digestibility of the fistula collected samples did not differ significantly between rotational and continuous grazing.     

The digestibility of crude nutrients in horses. 2. Comparative studies on the digestive capacity of a thoroughbred horse, pony and wether

The digestibility of the crude nutrients of 6 rations on the basis of oat, hay and wheat straw (in one case a straw-concentrate mixture as sole feed) was compared at a nutrition level of 1.0 and 1.3 resp. with adult geldings of the species "Noble Crossbreed", adult pony geldings and wethers The energy concentration of the rations varied between 424 and 585 EFUcattle/kg DM, the crude fibre content between 17 and 25% of the DM. In the studied field, a good agreement between horse and pony could be ascertained as to the digestibility of the organic matter and NFE. There are partly considerable differences between the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fibre. The differences in the digestibility of crude fibre between horse and sheep increase with a growing crude fibre content. The differences of the apparent digestibility between horse and pony on the one hand and sheep on the other were highly significant in all cases.     

果子狸对皮革蛋白粉的消化率测定

８只体重约２ｋｇ的果子狸用于测定其对皮革蛋白的消化率,从而探索皮革蛋白粉作为一种蛋白补充料饲养果子狸的可能性。结果表明,皮革蛋白粉中粗蛋白（ＣＰ）的消化率为７７７１％,粗脂肪（ＣＦ）的消化率为７６０９％,总能（ＧＥ）的消化率为７２１４％,干物质（ＤＭ）的消化率为９０９５％。     

多花黑麦草在生长肉兔上的营养价值评定

本试验旨在评定初花期多花黑麦草在生长肉兔上的营养价值。试验选取60日龄平均体重(2.20±0.32)kg的健康新西兰兔24只,随机分为2组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只。试验饲粮采用套算法进行配制,多花黑麦草的替代比例为20%;试验采用全收粪法进行消化试验,预试期和正试期各7 d。结果表明:1)多花黑麦草中总能、干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、钙、总磷和无氮浸出物含量分别为16.78 MJ/kg、92.24%、10.20%、1.64%、26.09%、51.80%、31.35%、7.72%、0.66%、0.28%和46.59%;2)多花黑麦草在生长肉兔中的表观消化能为7.21 MJ/kg,生长肉兔对多花黑麦草中总能、干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、钙、总磷和无氮浸出物的表观消化率分别为33.45%、48.36%、44.18%、84.45%、25.91%、22.73%、22.25%、26.10%、62.87%、13.94%和61.42%。由结果可知:初花期多花黑麦草中粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量相对较高,总磷含量相对较低;生长肉兔对初花期多花黑麦草中不同营养成分的消化率存在一定差异,其中以粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙、无氮浸出物的表观消化率较高,总磷的表观消化率较低。