血红蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉对仔猪生长、营养物质消化的影响

血红蛋白粉是一种高蛋白、高赖氨酸、但异亮氨酸缺乏的蛋白质饲料。人们已经成功地把血球粉应用于生长育肥猪,但与对照组相比饲料成本有所上升。此试验在生产免疫球蛋白的基础上,制取血红蛋白粉用于断奶仔猪。初探用血红蛋白粉替代仔猪饲料中的部分鱼粉时,对仔猪的生长、营养物质消化的影响。     

血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能的影响

仔猪营养是猪营养中的重要组成部分,仔猪的成活率和体重直接影响到以后的生长表现,因此一直受到营养学家的高度重视。血浆蛋白粉（Sp。y－driedanimalplasma）是一种新型的蛋白质饲料,有关血浆蛋白粉的研究近几年才见诸报道（Gatnau、Zimmerman等1990a,b;Gat－nau等,1990）。然而只经过了短短几年,人们已经普遍认识到饲料中添加血浆蛋白粉在仔猪的采食量。日增重、饲料转化率等方面都有显著的作用,其效果明显优于未添加血浆蛋白粉的饲料（Nelssen等1994）。血浆蛋白粉日益受到人们的重视,并且正在成为仔猪饲料中的重要组成部分。…     

喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生产性能的影响

血浆蛋白粉是采用特殊加工工艺生产的安全、稳定、高效的新型蛋白资源,其免疫球蛋白IgG是一种高生物活性物质,具有提高畜禽免疫力,提高仔猪生产性能的作用。此试验结果表明,饲喂喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉组的仔猪日增重较对照组高（P〈0．01）,料肉比较对照组低（P〈0．05）,公斤增重成本比对照组低。     

鸡血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

选取108头25±3日龄断奶仔猪,随机分成3个处理组,即对照组、试验组一和试验组二,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复12头仔猪,对照组饲喂不含血浆蛋白粉的基础日粮,试验组一、试验组二分别饲喂鸡血浆蛋白粉、猪血浆蛋白粉添加量为4%的试验日粮。研究不同血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标的影响。试验时间14d。试验结果表明,鸡血浆蛋白粉能够提高仔猪生长性能和血清球蛋白含量(P<0.05),与猪血浆蛋白粉的饲喂效果无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为了探究血浆蛋白粉在等营养水平条件下对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。选择同批次、生长发育健康的25日龄平均体重6kg断奶去势长×大仔公猪40头,按窝别、体重随机分为8组,4组作为空白组,另外4组作为试验组,每组重复数为5。空白组提供与试验组等营养水平的日粮,试验组为添加4%血浆蛋白粉日粮,测定断奶后0～15日龄和16～30日龄生长性能。结果:添加4%的血浆蛋白粉组生产性能、与等营养水平条件下的空白组比较差异不显著(P 0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下日粮中添加4%的血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能无明显影响。     

生物蛋白粉和血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生产性能的对比试验

为了评定生物蛋白粉对仔猪生产性能的影响,共选用96头28日龄的仔猪,体重约7.65kg仔猪(杜×长×大),按照随机化完全区组设计,分到3个处理组。每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。处理1为对照组,处理2为基础日粮添加4%生物蛋白粉,处理3为基础日粮添加4%血浆蛋白粉。试验期共14d。试验结果表明,仔猪日粮添加生物蛋白粉可达到与血浆蛋白粉相同的生产水平(包括平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比、腹泻率)。与添加4%血浆蛋白粉相比,日粮添加4%生物蛋白粉可降低日粮成本而且大大提高仔猪的生产性能。     

生物蛋白粉替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选择24日龄断奶的杜×长×大仔猪60头,按随机区组设计分成对照组、试验A组和试验B组,每组29头。28日龄开始,对照组饲喂市售哺乳仔猪料,试验A组饲喂含4%的血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)的饲粮,试验B组饲喂用4%的生物蛋白粉(BP1)替代SDPP的饲粮,试期10d。结果表明,用等量的BP1替代断奶仔猪饲粮中的SDPP,猪日增重分别比对照组和试验A组(SDPP组)提高7.60%和16.07%(P>0.05);平均日采食量分别增加20g和5g,增重的饲料消耗分别减少30g/kg和170g/kg;饲料效率分别提高2.54%和14.41%,增重的饲料成本分别降低1.95元/kg和0.77元/kg。     

两种血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能的影响研究

选取6窝(60头)7日龄杜长大仔猪,随机分成A、B组,分别饲喂添加3%普通血浆蛋白粉GAP701、高免低灰分血浆蛋白粉GAP881的2种试验日粮,研究两种血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能和对抑制仔猪腹泻的影响,试验分为断奶前(7～26日龄)和断奶后(27～36日粮)两个阶段。结果表明,高免低灰分血浆蛋白粉GAP881的饲喂效果好于普通血浆蛋白粉GAP701,能显著提高早期断奶仔猪的日平均增重(P<0.05),提高日平均采食量,降低料重比。     

不同比例血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

血浆蛋白粉是动物血液（包括猪血或牛血）分离出红血球后的血浆经干燥后而制成的粉状产品。该产品的粗蛋白质含量高达７８％左右,赖氨酸含量约７％,其它各种氨基酸含量较丰富且均衡,蛋白质和氨基酸消化率在９０％以上,是一种品质极好的动物性蛋白质饲料。该产品中所含...     

日粮中添加血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能的影响

血浆蛋白粉是一种稳定、高效、安全的动物蛋白原料。通过在仔猪日粮中添加血浆蛋白粉探究血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生产性能的影响,结果发现试验组仔猪的生产性能优于对照组,说明日粮中添加血浆蛋白粉对仔猪的生产性能有改善作用。     

复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响

通过在怀孕后期和哺乳期母猪日粮中添加不同水平的硫酸亚铁和复合有机铁,以及肌注铁与否来考察复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明,与无机铁相比,母猪饲粮中添加复合有机铁可提高母猪产活仔率和断奶仔猪存活率,提高仔猪10日龄、21日龄体重;综合铁源、铁水平以及肌注补铁的效应,添加120 mg/kg复合有机铁,同时仔猪均辅以肌注补铁,可显著提高仔猪肌注7日龄和断奶时体重(P<0.05)。     

Copper,zinc, and iron concentrations in blood serum and diet of dairy cattle on semi-industrial farms in central Iran

The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood serum and diet concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron in Holstein dairy cattle kept under semi-industrial farming in Isfahan province, central Iran. Moreover, the effects of season, pregnancy, and daily milk yield on serum Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations were also evaluated. The study was carried out on 12 semi-industrial Holstein dairy cattle farms. A total of 120 blood serum samples (60 in each season) and 24 diet samples (12 in each season) were collected in the summer and winter. The Cu, Fe, and Zn contents were assessed in samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In the summer, the mean concentrations of Cu and Fe in serum samples were lower and higher than the critical level, respectively (P < 0.05). In total diet samples, the mean concentrations of Zn were significantly higher than critical level (P < 0.05). In summer, winter, and total diet samples, the mean concentrations of Fe were significantly higher than critical level (P < 0.05). The serum Cu and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in the winter than those determined in the summer (P < 0.05). The serum Cu concentrations were significantly higher in nonpregnant than those in pregnant dairy cattle (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in serum Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of dairy cattle in different daily milk yield groups. It can be concluded that Holstein dairy cattle reared under semi-industrial dairy farming were deficient in serum Cu concentrations, especially in summer. Further, high level of Fe in blood serum might be due to feeding of cattle with diet containing excess quantity of Fe.     

Relationship between blood hemoglobin, plasma and tissue iron, muscle heme pigment, and carcass color of veal.

In 41 veal calves divided into three groups and fed different levels of dietary iron, blood hemoglobin, plasma iron, liver, spleen, and muscle iron, muscle heme pigment, and carcass muscle color at slaughter were studied. At 45 min postmortem, total carcass color was visually evaluated in the 41 carcasses. In different muscles of the carcasses the color was measured instrumentally using an invasive color measurement method at 45 min postmortem (MCDI score) and a surface color measurement method at 20 h postmortem (Minolta L*, a*, b*, and Chroma scores). Among the three groups, differences (P less than .05) in muscle iron concentrations, muscle heme pigment concentrations, and Minolta a*, b*, and Chroma scores were found. Most striking were the differences in mean iron concentrations in the longissimus thoracis muscles between Groups A (29 micrograms/g DM) and B (44 micrograms/g DM) and in the semimembranosus muscles between Groups A (31 micrograms/g DM) and C (45 micrograms/g DM). The correlations found between Minolta L*, a*, or Chroma score and the iron and heme pigment concentrations in the semimembranosus muscles were high in comparison with those found in the longissimus thoracis and rectus abdominis muscles. Compared with the plasma iron concentration, the blood hemoglobin concentration showed higher correlations with muscle iron and muscle heme pigment concentrations. It can be concluded that different iron concentrations in the milk replacer during the first 7 wk of fattening influence, to some extent, muscle iron and muscle heme pigment at slaughter. However, these differences were not measurable in the overall visual color evaluation of the carcass surface muscles.     

Effect of fluoxetine on blood concentrations of serotonin, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in canine aggression

Canine aggression directed towards people is the most frequent reason for referral to behaviour practices. The serotonergic system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are believed to play an important role in controlling aggression. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine is the most commonly used drug in canine aggression. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a 30-day-long fluoxetine treatment on the peripheral serotonergic system and the HPA axis in canine aggression. To this end, the concentrations of serum serotonin (5-HT) and plasma cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were analysed in a group of aggressive (n = 22) and nonaggressive dogs (n = 9) during pre- (day 0) and posttreatment (day 30) conditions. Treatment caused a significant decrease in 5-HT concentrations (46% in the aggressive group and 32% in the control group). There was a trend towards a rise of DHEA/cortisol ratio values after treatment both in the aggressive and the control group. The determination of blood 5-HT and the DHEA/cortisol ratio could have important clinical applications in the future for deciding which animals might benefit from a given treatment as well as for monitoring the response. Further large-scale studies with this aim should be carried out to obtain sound conclusions.     

Serum concentrations of micronutrients, packed cell volume, and blood hemoglobin during the first two gestations and lactations of sows.

The objective of the present work was to describe the changes in serum concentrations of some micronutrients during the first 2 gestations and lactations of 33 gilts in order to establish blood reference values for a rapid assessment of nutritional status. In both parities, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at mating, 5, 10 and 15 wk of gestation and l d and 4 wk after parturition (weaning). Reference values (mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum) for serum folates, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 metabolites (pyridoxal and pyridoxal-5-phosphate), calcium, phosphorus, sodium, zinc, copper and iron, as well as blood hemoglobin and packed cell volume are reported for each studied time. Differences between parities and between each time are also reported. Results from the present report demonstrate that knowledge of the physiological state of the sows is critical for the assessment of nutritional status of an individual or a breeding herd by interpretation of analyses of blood constituents.     

The effect of turn-out to pasture on blood plasma iron concentrations in beef cattle

Beef cows, bred to calve in the spring, were housed indoors over the winter. On May 25, 48 of the cows, and their calves, were put out to pasture while the other 24 cows and calves remained confined.Plasma iron concentrations in the pasture cows were higher (P<0.01) than the levels of the barn cows for several weeks after turn-out, but in September there was no difference (P>0.05). In contrast, the pasture calves showed significantly lower (P<0.01) levels than did the barn calves during the first two weeks, however, there was no difference (P>0.05) in September. No difference in plasma iron levels between male and female calves was found.     

Effect of hypothyroidism on blood lipid concentrations in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare concentrations of selected blood lipids before and after thyroidectomy in horses. ANIMALS: 5 healthy adult mares. PROCEDURE: Mares were confirmed to be euthyroid. Thyroidectomy was performed, and hypothyroidism was confirmed. Selected blood lipid variables were measured before hypothyroidism was induced and weekly for 4 weeks after induction. Plasma concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) were measured. The composition of VLDL and LDL also was examined. RESULTS: Mean plasma concentrations of VLDL and LDL increased significantly after thyroidectomy. By 4 weeks after thyroidectomy, a ninefold increase in mean plasma concentration of VLDL and a threefold increase in LDL, compared with baseline values, were detected. After thyroidectomy, mean percentage of TG in VLDL increased significantly, whereas free cholesterol and cholesterol ester content decreased. Mean percentage of TG in LDL also increased by 3 to 4 weeks after thyroidectomy. Serum concentrations of TG and TC increased, whereas serum NEFA concentration decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothyroidism significantly alters blood lipid concentrations of horses. After thyroidectomy, markedly high VLDL concentration, appearance of TG-rich VLDL, increased serum concentrations of TG and TC, and decreased blood concentration of NEFA were evident. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Examination of blood lipid concentrations of horses may be useful for detecting naturally acquired hypothyroidism.     

早期补饲代乳料对仔猪回肠菌群及其代谢产物的影响

旨在研究早期补饲代乳料是否会对哺乳仔猪回肠菌群组成及其代谢产物造成影响。选取10窝杜×长×大仔猪,分为2组,每组5窝,分别为:母乳组(对照组)和饲喂母乳的同时添加代乳料组(试验组)。试验组仔猪吃母乳的同时从第4天开始添加代乳料,28日龄断奶后,饲喂相同日粮7 d。在仔猪28和35日龄时,每窝各选取一头仔猪进行屠宰取样。结果表明,与对照组相比,28日龄,试验组仔猪回肠食糜内丙酸、异丁酸浓度及丙酸占总短链脂肪酸的比例显著升高(P0.05),而乙酸占总短链脂肪酸的比例显著下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,35日龄试验组仔猪回肠食糜的p H值显著降低,回肠内乳酸浓度显著升高,厚壁菌门细菌的基因拷贝数显著增加(P0.05)。结果提示,早期补饲代乳料在没有影响仔猪回肠形态结构的前提下,会一定程度上改变回肠内的菌群结构及代谢产物,从而使回肠内环境维持在一个相对健康的状态。