分析预测

<正> 目前在河北省畜产品市场,部分商品购销活跃,市场发展前景较好。一、貉皮价又升了河北省饲养乌苏里貉约8万多只,在过去的两三年内,貉皮价格一直走高,货源紧缺,去年最高价位上涨到800元一张,以后市场购销价在500～600元之间。我国是人工养殖貉最多的国家,国外每年从我国购买大量的貉皮和貉皮制品,国外对貉皮需求量大,但貉的饲养量较少,虽然饲养量逐年增加,但发展速度仍然较慢,主要是缺乏优良的种貉。在炎热的7月,急于收货的商贩深入到产地开始收购,90厘米以上的貉皮630元一张。今年外商提前向我国预订了貉皮收购合同,预测今年的貉皮收购价,大尺码的优质皮在800元上下波动。     

2002年9月份毛皮市场销售分析

貉皮销售畅快 由于外商不断收购貉皮,价格一直居高不下,头路皮价格在800～1000元/张,已超过历史最高水平,我国的乌苏里貉是世界最优质貉皮之一,     

2007年我国毛皮动物产业发展的现状与趋势——中国农业科学院特产研究所

一、产业发展现状 (一)皮张市场价格下滑,产业利润降低 2007年以来,毛皮动物(貂、狐、貉)皮张价格比上年同期均有所下降,而且貉皮由于受贸易需求减少及部分去年皮张积留的影响,价格走低明显.     

貉全价膨化颗粒饲料的优点及注意事项

貉是珍贵的毛皮动物,貉皮是世界裘皮中重要的大毛细皮原料,以其轻便柔软,美观保暖著称.目前我国养殖的貉主要为地方品种乌苏里貉和培育品种吉林白貉,在人工饲养的貉中,白貉约占23％,乌苏里貉约占77％.由于貉具有产仔多、成活率高、易饲养、市场稳定等优点,受到养殖户的喜爱.随着养殖业的快速发展,养貉业正从小规模、庭院式养殖向集约化、规模化方向发展,对全价配合饲料的需求也逐年增加.     

营养因素对笼养貉毛皮品质影响的估计

<正> 由于近年国际裘皮市场貉皮畅销,每张貉皮平均拍卖价高达50美元以上,国内各毛皮收购部门也相应大幅度提高了毛皮收购价格,因而大大刺激了国内养貉业的发展。养貉的最终目的是为了获取数量多质量好的貉皮,为国家出口换汇提供大量优质毛皮货源,因而对如何提高貉皮质量问题应当引起足够重视。培育优良品种,进行科学管理,按国家规定统一要求进行貉皮的初步加工等,均可在一定程度上提高貉皮质量。本文仅就幼貉育成期及冬毛生长期日粮营养水平对貉皮质量产生的影响来讨论提高貉皮质量的问题。     

裘皮原皮产业走势如何

随着2006年的结束,喧嚣了一年的中国裘皮原皮产业市场走势即将尘埃落定,从而掀开2007年产业价格又一轮的潮涨潮落。一、貉皮价格牛气冲天,后市依然良好如果把2001年的貉皮市场冲顶算作第一次高潮的话,那么2006年貉皮市场的发热则达到了顶峰。其波及范围之广,影响之深,上次在这次涨价面前可谓小巫见大巫了。这其中涉及到了养殖人群经济意识的提升和国产裘衣的壮大。     

今后貉皮的生产特点

养殖乌苏里貉是为了给裘皮加工企业提供原皮材料,而裘皮企业所生产的产品又必须被广大消费者所认可,消费终端的需求就是今后貉皮的发展方向。(一)向短毛类方向发展貉皮有长长的针毛,近年来消费者偏爱短针密绒的毛皮产品,给貉皮的发展及选育提出一个新的课题,即貉皮养殖及选育朝     

白貉皮,特养业的救命稻草?

<正>近来,各白貉皮养殖场大肆炒作白貉皮,白貉皮已经成为特养业的一大热点。在炒作下的白貉皮价位持续走高,2006年,在河北省肃宁县尚村镇,白貉皮交易价格已达到     

2002年12月份毛皮市场行情

貉皮价格缓慢回落 最近市场上貉皮价格继续下降,头路皮价格在450～480元/张,现在季节皮陆续上市,由于价格下降,成交量很小。由于俄罗斯政治局势不稳定,我国皮张出口量减少。     

特种经济动物养殖—貉（一）

特种经济动物养殖──貉（一）西北农业大学任战军貉是我国珍贵的毛皮动物之一。貉皮毛绒丰厚，质地轻暖、色泽美观。拔针貉绒皮，可制大衣、帽子、皮领，皮褥等，为我国传统的出口商品。貉肉鲜美可食，营养丰富，是高级滋补品，貉肉可治虚痨及女子疲惫，貉肉汤医治妇女病...     

Immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes P450scc, 3betaHSD, and P450c17 in the ovaries of wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

We investigated the distribution of 3 types of steroidogenic enzymes, P450scc, 3betaHSD, and P450c17, in wild raccoon dog ovaries by immunohistochemistry. Six pairs of ovaries were obtained from wild raccoon dogs between 2001 and 2003, with 3 of the 6 pairs of ovaries containing corpora lutea. P450scc, 3betaHSD, and P450c17 were localized in the granulosa and theca cells of these raccoon dogs. Furthermore, lutein cells were stained positively for P450scc and 3betaHSD in the pregnant and non-pregnant raccoon dogs. These results suggest that granulosa and theca cells may synthesize progesterone and androgens, which may play an important role in follicular development, and that lutein cells are a major source of progesterone in wild raccoon dogs.     

免疫组化法检测犬瘟热病毒在貉组织内的分布

对79只确诊为犬瘟热的病貉进行CDV在组织内的定位。采用HE染色检测到包涵体出现在肺(57只貉)、脑(19只貉)、肾(58只貉)、胃(63只貉)、脾(61只貉)、淋巴结(63只貉)、扁桃体(79只貉)。采用免疫组化方法检测出上述器官之外在足垫上皮细胞(70只貉)、鼻黏膜(69只貉)、支气管(71只貉)也有强阳性表达。结果表明,采用免疫组化方法能更加准确的对CDV在犬瘟热病貉组织内分布的定位,CDV分布最广泛的器官是扁桃体。     

貉早期胚胎发育内环境的研究

为研究貉早期胚胎发育体内微环境变化,试验选用年龄相同、体重相似的成年健康母貉23只,在繁殖季节自然交配,并受配1～2次,以第1次交配为零点开始计时,分别于初配后29～99h(n=7)、100～126h(n=7)、169～268h(n=9)随机处死貉,用免疫组化、透射及扫描电镜的方法研究貉早期胚胎发育过程中输卵管和子宫的形态学和超微结构变化;用X射线能谱技术对貉输卵管液和子宫液中的钾、钙、铁、锌等9种元素进行测定。结果显示:①随着貉早期胚胎的发育,其后期输卵管长度、黏膜厚度、皱襞高度和上皮高度均显著减小(P<0.05),输卵管直径有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);子宫黏膜厚度、皱襞高度及子宫腺密度均显著增加(P<0.05),子宫的直径和长度有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。②随着貉早期胚胎的发育,貉子宫黏膜上皮微绒毛、脂滴和溶酶体含量增多。③随着貉早期胚胎的发育,其后期输卵管液中硫、钙、铁、铜和锌元素含量均显著升高(P<0.05),磷含量显著降低(P<0.05),而钾、氯和钠含量呈波动性变化;子宫液中硫、氯、钾的相对含量逐渐降低(P>0.05),锌的相对含量显著降低(P<0.05),磷、钙、铁和铜的含量呈波动性变化。本试验初步揭示了貉早期胚胎发育内环境的变化,为貉胚胎体外培养体系的建立提供参考。     

北极狐及乌苏里貉抑制素α亚基基因克隆及生物信息学分析

试验旨在克隆北极狐及乌苏里貉抑制素α（inhibin α,INHα）亚基基因并对其进行生物信息学分析。根据GenBank中犬科INHα预测mRNA序列（登录号：XM_545660.5）设计1对引物,用RT-PCR技术从北极狐及乌苏里貉的卵巢组织中扩增出INHα亚基基因,同时将其插入到克隆载体中,进行测序及生物信息学分析。测序结果表明,北极狐及乌苏里貉的INHα亚基基因CDS序列全长为1 107 bp,编码369个氨基酸。北极狐及乌苏里貉的INHα亚基基因与犬的同源性最高,分别为97.9%与97.6%。系统进化树分析表明,北极狐及乌苏里貉与犬亲缘关系较近,同时也说明INHα亚基基因在不同物种及进化过程中具有高度保守性。对INHα亚基蛋白的高级结构预测发现,由于半胱氨酸间形成的二硫键导致其采用"蝴蝶形"或"开放手"构型,其中α-螺旋形成分子的"手腕"结构,β-折叠形成分子的"手指"结构。本研究成功克隆了北极狐及乌苏里貉的INHα亚基基因,同时进行了系统的生物信息学分析,为今后研究抑制素在卵母细胞-颗粒细胞同步发育过程中的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Histopathological comparison of pulmonary artery lesions between raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and domestic dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis

Five raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and two domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) were subcutaneously infected with 100 infective larvae (L3) of Dirofilaria immitis. Two and five worms, respectively, were collected from two of three raccoon dogs. Villous endarteritis was found in the raccoon dog with five worms and two dogs at 116 days after infection. The number of recovered worms in the raccoon dogs was significantly smaller than that of the domestic dogs having 22 and 29 worms, while histopathological features and the severity of the lesions in the raccoon dogs were similar to those in the domestic dogs. The vascular lesions in two chronically-infected raccoon dogs turned into much severe at 565 and 590 days after inoculation.     

Phylogenetic identification of Cystoisospora spp. from dogs, cats, and raccoon dogs in Japan

Cystoisospora spp. from feces in dogs, cats, and raccoon dogs were isolated, sequenced at the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene locus and compared to other Cystoisospora spp. Cystoisospora oocysts from dogs and raccoon dogs were morphologically similar with those of C. ohioensis, and cat isolates were similar with those of C. felis. The sequences from dogs and raccoon dogs, and cats have a homology with C. ohioensis and C. felis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences showed that the dog and raccoon dog isolates were nested in a clade with other Cystoisospora spp. including C. ohioensis, C. belli, and C. orlovi. The cat isolate formed a sister group with C. felis that was a separate clade from the dog and raccoon dog group. We report sequence variation in these Cystoisospora sequences and have identified raccoon dogs as another carnivore host for Cystoisospora spp. infecting dogs.     

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in living raccoon dogs assessed by hematological examination

The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in free-ranging raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) was examined in the southeast region of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, using a rapid immunomigration (RIM) test kit. Between April 2007 and March 2010, we examined 108 raccoon dogs rescued and housed by the Kanazawa Zoological Garden. D. immitis infection was found in 8 (7.4%) raccoon dogs. This is the first report to reveal the prevalence of D. immitis infection in living raccoon dogs. The prevalence of the infection was lower than previously reported values obtained on postmortem examination. One reason might be that the present study included young raccoon dogs infected with immature worms. Significant high-risk areas of D. immitis infection in the raccoon dogs were not observed.     

三种犬科动物脑源神经营养因子基因克隆与进化分析

从犬、赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)、貉三种犬科动物基因组中克隆脑源神经营养因子基因,经测序验证扩增片断长度为800bp,包含全部编码序列和部分5`非翻译区。序列分析表明,犬与狐、犬与貉的核苷酸序列同源性都超过99%,推测氨基酸序列犬与貉完全相同,赤狐在信号肽区有一个氨基酸与犬不同。使用MEGA3.0软件的邻接法构建犬科动物的系统发生关系,犬和狐聚为一类,貉比犬和狐分化时间更早。     

“白鼻子”病貉患有低色素小细胞贫血的诊断

为分析貉"白鼻子"病的发病原因,对患"白鼻子"病的貉和正常貉进行了血常规检查,用Mann-whinney法进行了组间差异性检验。结果表明:与正常貉相比,"白鼻子"病患貉淋巴细胞百分比(P=0.049)、中性粒细胞百分比(P=0.031)降低(或减少)且差异显著(P0.05),淋巴细胞计数(P=0.004)、中间细胞计数(P=0.004)、中间细胞百分比(P=0.004)、红细胞计数(P=0.000)、红细胞压积(P=0.000)、平均红细胞体积(P=0.001)、血红蛋白含量(P=0.000)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(P=0.001)降低(或减少)且差异极显著(P0.01),白细胞计数(P=0.130)、中性粒细胞计数(P=0.473)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(P=0.915)、红细胞体积分布宽度(P=0.831)、血小板计数(P=0.915)、血小板压积(P=0.852)、平均血小板体积(P=0.202)、血小板体积分布宽度(P=0.749)差异不显著(P0.05)。通过对"白鼻子"病患貉血色指数、红细胞计数、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白的分析,确定"白鼻子"病貉患有低色素小细胞贫血。     

Altered expression of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) in a yellow-coloured wild raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

Background – The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene plays a key role in determining coat colour in mammals by controlling the proportion of eumelanin and pheomelanin granules. Wild raccoon dogs have a mixed coat colour, with black to brown and grey hairs. Hypothesis/Objectives – The study was performed to identify the cause of the variant yellow coat colour in a wild raccoon dog. Animals – A wild raccoon dog that showed coat colour change to yellow and four wild‐type raccoon dogs that showed normal coat colour were included. Methods – To identify the cause of the variant yellow coat colour, we examined the sequence of the MC1R gene and its expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Results – The coding region of the MC1R gene of this raccoon dog comprised 954 bp, the same as for wild‐type raccoon dogs and domestic dogs. By comparing the gene with that in the wild‐type raccoon dog, a 2 bp deletion was detected in the 5′‐untranslated region, positioned 152 bp upstream of the start codon. However, there was no significant difference in the mRNA expression level. The yellow raccoon dog revealed a significantly decreased MC1R protein level compared with the wild‐type raccoon dogs, indicating an increase in pheomelanin synthesis. Conclusions and clinical importance – These results suggest that the variant coat colour in the yellow raccoon dog was associated with decreased MC1R function.