Studies on the stage of action of lasalocid against Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina in the chicken

Broiler chickens in battery pens were either fed a diet containing 100 ppm lasalocid or no drug for 24 h prior to inoculation with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella or Eimeria acervulina. Different groups of birds remained on medicated feed for 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 or 144 h after inoculation. Conversely, other groups started on an unmedicated diet, were given medicated feed at different times after oocyst inoculation. Starting lasalocid medication 24 h (E. tenella) or 48 h (E. acervulina) after inoculation reduced the lesions and improved the weight gain. There was no significant difference in performance of birds after withdrawal of the drug at 48 h (E. tenella) or 72 h (E. acervulina) and thereafter. Starting lasalocid medication at 96 or 120 h did not suppress but rather reduced oocyst production.     

堆型艾美耳球虫ADF基因的原核表达与免疫原性

参考Gen Bank中收录的E.acervulina ADF基因序列设计1对特异性引物,以河北保定株堆型艾美耳球虫子孢子DNA为模板,用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法扩增ADF基因。将扩增的ADF基因克隆至p MD18-T载体,转化感受态细胞DH5α,蓝白斑法筛选出阳性重组子,提取阳性质粒进行PCR、酶切鉴定及对序列确证。将扩增产物与原核表达载体p ET32a(+)连接,构建重组质粒p ET32a-ADF,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)进行诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE鉴定。用E.acervulina重组质粒p ET32a-ADF免疫雏鸡,观察其对雏鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的影响。结果显示,ADF基因扩增产物为729 bp,与预期结果相符。序列分析结果表明,该株的ADF基因序列与参考序列同源性达99.6%。表达出的ADF重组蛋白相对分子质量大小约为46 000。与健康对照组相比,重组质粒组淋巴细胞的增殖能力明显增强(P0.05),外周血中Ig G及IL-2含量均显著升高(P0.01),表明p ET32a-ADF质粒DNA能有效提高雏鸡的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平。     

Potential of a recombinant antigen as a prophylactic vaccine for day-old broiler chickens against Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella infections.

A genetically engineered Eimeria tenella antigen (GX3262), produced as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase and identified with a monoclonal antibody, induced partial but significant protection in young broiler chickens against experimental E. tenella and Eimeria acervulina infections. The antigen appears to share a T-helper cell epitope with the parasite as evidenced by (a) booster inoculation with either the recombinant antigen or with a small number of live oocysts enhanced the protective immunity in GX3262 primed chickens, and (b) ability of the antigen to induce in vitro stimulation of T-cells from chickens immunized with antigen or parasite. These observations suggest the feasibility of a single vaccination of 1 or 2-day-old broilers with GX3262 to induce an acceptable degree of protective immunity. The implications of the observations reported here are far reaching in terms of a practical coccidiosis vaccine for poultry, and show for the first time that 1-day-old broiler chickens can be efficiently vaccinated with a recombinant antigen against one or more species of Eimeria.     

Energy and nitrogen metabolism of chickens infected with either Eimeria acervulina or Eimeria tenella.

1. The effects of sublethal infections of E. acervulina and E. tenella on the energy and nitrogen metabolism of groups of five broilers aged 16 d were studied for 16 d in respiration chambers. 2. The metabolisable energy content of the diet for chickens infected with E. acervulina was 0.689 of its gross energy content and N retention was 42.5 g/100 g N intake compared with 0.738 and 47.1 g respectively, in uninfected pair-fed controls. Chickens infected with E. tenella were similarly affected. 3. Efficiency of utilisation of ME by chickens infected with E. acervulina was 0.43 during the first 8 d after infection, and 0.52 during the second 8 d compared with an overall efficiency by non-infected chickens fed ad libitum of 0.73. Maintenance energy requirement of infected chickens was higher during the first 8 d after infection than during the second 8-d period. 4. Body composition measurements showed that of the total gain in weight of chickens infected with E. acervulina, only 7.5 g/kg gain was fat and 213 g/kg was protein compared with 45 g and 210 g respectively for non infected chickens fed ad libitum. 5. E. acervulina and E. tenella infections reduced the apparent digestibility of total mineral, calcium and phosphorus.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫子孢子高表达新基因的克隆、表达及分析

为克隆和研究柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)新基因,本研究在所获得的ESTs序列的基础上,应用RACE技术克隆获得了1个在子孢子阶段高表达新基因的全长cDNA序列(GU553107),命名为ZB7-C11,该基因全长1439bp,ORF为525bp,编码174个氨基酸,预测表达蛋白的分子量约为18.7ku。Real-timePCR对E.tenella不同发育阶段(未孢子化卵囊、孢子化卵囊、子孢子和裂殖子)表达量进行分析显示,该基因在子孢子阶段的表达高于其它阶段。另外,将ZB7-C11克隆于pGEX-4T中构建重组质粒pGEX-4T-C11,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达6h后其表达量最高,并且重组蛋白分子量约44.7ku大部分以可溶性存在。Westernblot分析显示该重组蛋白可被抗E.tenella的多克隆抗血清识别,表明该蛋白具有较好的反应原性。该结果为进一步研究该基因的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫rhomboid抗原基因在卡介苗中的克隆与表达

以含柔嫩艾美耳球虫rhomboid基因的重组质粒为模板,应用PCR方法扩增该基因完整开放阅读框,克隆至pMD18-T载体中.分别用限制性内切酶Pst I/Cla I和Pvu II/Cla I进行双酶切,将rhomboid目的基因克隆到大肠杆菌-分支杆菌穿梭表达载体pMV261和整合表达载体pMV361中,获得重组质粒pRho-261和pRho-361.将重组质粒电穿孔转化卡介苗,经热诱导后对其表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和western blot分析.结果表明成功构建了两个重组质粒,其表达产物与柔嫩艾美耳球虫阳性血清具有免疫反应性,为重组卡介苗在鸡球虫病防治方面的研究奠定了基础.     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫ZJ株TA4基因的克隆及原核表达

本试验对E．tenella ZJ株的TA4基因进行了克隆和表达。根据已报道的柔嫩艾美尔球虫TA4基因序列设计引物,以孢子化卵囊总RNA为模板,用RT—PCR的方法扩增得到一特异片段,将扩增产物克隆至pMD18-T,转化DH5-α感受态,经酶切鉴定获得阳性重组质粒并对其进行测序。测序结果与参考序列比较,核苷酸同源性为99．1％。然后将重组质粒和表达载体pGEX-4T2分别以EcoR I、Xho I酶切后构建重组表达载体pGEX—TA4,并将其转化入大肠杆菌BL21中,提取质粒经酶切和PCR鉴定正确后,用IPTG诱导表达。表达产物经SDS—PAGE和Western blot检测显示,TA4基因在大肠杆菌中获得表达;融合蛋白的分子量约为43ku,以包涵体形式存在;诱导6h的蛋白表达量可达到35.9％,采用抗GST抗体进行Western blot,成功检测到了该特异性条带。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫表面抗原SAG2基因的克隆与表达

根据生物信息学预测的基因序列设计引物,应用RT-PCR方法从柔嫩艾美耳球虫第二代裂殖子总RNA扩增获得了鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫表面抗原2(surface antigen 2,SAG2)基因序列,将其与pGEM-T easy载体连接后转化E.coliDH5α,筛选阳性克隆,以带有限制酶切位点的特异性引物用PCR方法扩增不含SAG2 N端信号肽序列的ORF序列后克隆至表达载体pET-32 a(+),构建了重组表达质粒pET-32 a(+)-SAG2,并将其转化至E.coliBL21(DE3)。经IPTG诱导,获得了SAG2重组抗原在大肠杆菌的高效表达,重组蛋白的表达量约占菌体总蛋白的35%,融合蛋白的分子量约为47 ku。菌体经超声处理后进行SDS-PAGE分析表明,表达蛋白以包涵体的形式存在。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫MAGL基因的克隆及表达

酰基甘油酯酶(MAGL)是将酰基甘油分解为甘油和游离脂肪酸的丝氨酸水解酶家族成员之一,在酯代谢中起着关键酶的作用,是研制抗鸡球虫药物的重要靶标。本研究利用生物信息学技术预测拼接了柔嫩艾美耳球虫MAGL基因序列,以第二代裂殖子总RNA为模板,通过RTPCR技术获得Etmagl基因。将Etmagl与pCold-43a载体连接,构建pCold-43a-Etmagl重组载体,并在大肠杆菌BL21中获得可溶性蛋白,经亲和层析获得纯化的重组蛋白。结果显示,扩增的Etmagl序列ORF长1 752 bp,编码584个氨基酸,与预测序列相似度为99%,与弓形虫MAGL相似度好(55%);IPTG诱导后融合蛋白高效表达,大小约为114 ku,经免疫印迹鉴定为目的蛋白。本研究成功利用大肠埃希菌原核表达体系重组表达并纯化了柔嫩艾美耳球虫酰基甘油脂肪酶,为建立以MAGL为靶标的抗球虫药物筛选模型奠定了基础。     

Class-specific circulating antibodies in infections with Eimeria tenella

Using a three-layer immunofluorescent test, class-specific, parasite-specific circulating antibody responses to Eimeria tenella were investigated following oocyst infection, drug-truncated oocyst infection and the injection of non-living antigens. Following all three means of antigenic stimulation, IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies were detected. The response to drug-truncated infections was dose-dependent. The sequence of appearance of antibody was IgM, IgA, IgG, whilst the relative quantities were IgG greater than or equal to IgM greater than IgA.     

Dual infections of Eimeria tenella and Escherichia coli in chickens

The interactive effects of Eimeria tenella and Escherichia coli infection in chickens were investigated. Specific pathogen free chickens inoculated orally with E tenella and challenged four days later with E coli via the air sac showed more severe acute septicaemic lesions and subacute serositis than chickens given E coli alone. Moreover, caecal lesions induced by E tenella were more severe in chickens given both E tenella and E coli than in those given E tenella alone. In contrast, oral inoculation of E coli did not result in acute septicaemic lesions or subacute serositis and had no effect on the severity of the caecal lesions caused by E tenella.     

鸡堆型艾美耳球虫单链抗体基因的构建及表达

轻链可变区和重链可变区基因产物等摩尔浓度混合后,用重叠延伸拼接法扩增出单链抗体基因,再用带限制性内切酶位点的引物(NcoⅠ和HindⅢ)扩增出带有特定酶切位点的单链抗体基因片段.NcoⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切单链抗体与表达载体pET-22b( ),用回收试剂盒回收酶切后的单链抗体与表达载体pET-22b( )基因片段,用连接试剂盒将单链抗体与表达载体pET-22b( )基因片段连接,并将连接产物转化感受态细胞JM109.氨苄青霉素筛选阳性重组子.以T7promoter/T7terminator primer进行茼落PCR鉴定,测定正确后,37℃摇菌扩增,测菌浓度至D600为0.6时,加入IPTG诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE初步检测.SDS-PAGE检测显示其相对分子质量是31 000,与预期结果一致,证明单链抗体基因在大肠杆菌中得到表达.     

堆型艾美耳球虫感染后组织抗氧化功能的变化

通过测定堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)感染鸡心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的水平,研究E.acervulina感染对雏鸡的组织抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明,雏鸡在感染E.acervulina后,早期各组织SOD活性均低于对照组水平,但很快都又恢复到正常对照组水平;各组织中MDA含量均高于对照组水平;心脏、肝脏和脾脏中CAT活性在感染后下降,肺脏和肾脏中CAT活性在感染后升高;各组织GSH-Px活性在感染后均有不同程度的下降。表明病理氧化应激参与了球虫感染过程,损伤了机体的氧化平衡。