云南茶树种质资源形态性状多样性分析

 选用19个形态形状对112份茶树种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,结果表明：云南茶树种质资源具有丰富的形态多样性,质量性状多样性指数平均为1038,数量性状变异系数平均为22.11%。通过主成分分析,将19个性状综合为6个主成分,前6个主成分的累积贡献率达74419%,即叶背茸毛、芽叶茸毛、芽叶色泽、叶片大小、花瓣数、柱头开裂数和子房茸毛等7个性状是其形态分化的主要指标。基于形态性状的聚类分析把112份材料聚为4大类,第Ⅰ类包括茶(Camellia sinensis)和普洱茶(C. sinensis var.assamica),第Ⅱ类为白毛茶(C. sinensis var.pubilimba),第Ⅲ类包括大理茶(C. taliensis)和厚轴茶(C. crassicolumna),第Ⅳ类为秃房茶(C. gymnogyna)     

我国苦茶资源主要生化成分的鉴定评价(英文)

Bitter tea is a special kind of tea germplasm in China.The major biochemical components of 24 bitter teas and other 8 Camellia sinensis var.sinensis and 8 C.sinensis var.assamica tea germplasms,which were stored in the China National Germplasm Hangzhou Tea Repository(CNGHTR),were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that no significant differences of major biochemical components affecting the tea quality were found between bitter tea and common tea.According to the processing suitability index,bitter tea was suitable for the manufacturing of black tea;while according to evolutionary indices such as the composition and content of catechin,bitter tea was similar to C.sinensis var.assamica belonging to the relatively primitive type in evolution.The results of cluster analysis indicated that bitter tea was clustered with C.sinensis var.assamica,so it could be considered to belong to C.sinensis var.assamica.     

Analysis and Evaluation of Biochemical Components in Bitter Tea Plant Germplasms

Bitter tea is a special kind of tea germplasm in China.The major biochemical components of 24 bitter teas and other 8 Camellia sinensis var.sinensis and 8 C.sinensis var.assamica tea germplasms,which were stored in the China National Germplasm Hangzhou Tea Repository(CNGHTR),were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that no significant differences of major biochemical components affecting the tea quality were found between bitter tea and common tea.According to the processing suitability index,bitter tea was suitable for the manufacturing of black tea;while according to evolutionary indices such as the composition and content of catechin,bitter tea was similar to C.sinensis var.assamica belonging to the relatively primitive type in evolution.The results of cluster analysis indicated that bitter tea was clustered with C.sinensis var.assamica,so it could be considered to belong to C.sinensis var.assamica.     

我国苦茶资源主要生化成分的鉴定评价(英文)

Bitter tea is a special kind of tea germplasm in China.The major biochemical components of 24 bitter teas and other 8 Camellia sinensis var.sinensis and 8 C.sinensis var.assamica tea germplasms,which were stored in the China National Germplasm Hangzhou Tea Repository(CNGHTR),were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that no significant differences of major biochemical components affecting the tea quality were found between bitter tea and common tea.According to the processing suitability index,bitter tea was suitable for the manufacturing of black tea;while according to evolutionary indices such as the composition and content of catechin,bitter tea was similar to C.sinensis var.assamica belonging to the relatively primitive type in evolution.The results of cluster analysis indicated that bitter tea was clustered with C.sinensis var.assamica,so it could be considered to belong to C.sinensis var.assamica.     

茶树品种资源遗传多态性RAPD 分析

探讨了采用RAPD 分子标记法进行茶树及其近缘种分类和亲缘关系鉴别的可能性。结果表明, RAPD 能有效地区分物种间和茶树种内变种间的差异, 阿萨姆类型茶树和中国类型茶树的特异性RAPD 分子标记分别为1 200 bp 的WKA-24 a 和610 bp 的WKA-24 b 。日本茶树品种与中国茶树品种具有较近的亲缘关系。部分越南茶树品种为中-印杂种。图1 表1 参4     

崇州枇杷茶野生大茶树种质资源调查研究

为开展崇州枇杷茶种质资源的收集、保存、评价与利用工作,调查了四川崇州枇杷茶野生大茶树的分布范围,选取其中具有代表性的6种不同类型(依次编号为A类、B类、C类、D类、E类、F类)枇杷茶树作为研究对象,观察了植物学特征、生物学特性。结果表明:崇州枇杷茶野生大茶树主要分布于N30044’01.55″～N30048’19.35″、E104003’32.16″～E103028’22.42″、海拔507～1106 m的自然群落中,种群内变异类型较多,遗传背景复杂,资源丰富。表现出树体高大直立、叶大具稀钝齿、叶片革质、花大、果壳硬厚等典型野生性状,不同类型间植物学特征差异显著。综合树型、叶尖、子房茸毛的有无等演化路径,初步判断不同类型枇杷茶树分属陈亮、虞富莲等分类系统中的秃房茶和普洱茶,已由野生型的C类、D类茶树向栽培型的E类茶树演化,逐渐近似于栽培种,并存在多数过渡类型茶树。     

中国茶树核心种质的初步构建

按照茶树的原产地(生态区)、树型和品种类型将我国茶树种质资源分为18组,各组通过离差平方和法聚类,采用系统取样和随机取样相结合,并依遗传多样性指数加以调整.从615份茶树种质资源中选取126份种质作为核心样品,经过遗传多样性t测验、农艺性状检验.结果表明,初选出的核心样品具有良好的代表性.     

基于GBS测序的全基因组SNP揭示贵州地方茶组植物资源的亲缘关系

【目的】分析贵州地方茶组植物资源的亲缘关系,为明确贵州地方茶组植物资源的遗传关系及其保护、利用提供科学依据。【方法】以从贵州省内不同区域收集的41份茶组植物资源及贵州省茶叶研究所茶树种质资源圃保存的18份省内外育成茶树品种为材料,利用基于GBS（Genotyping by sequencing）的简化基因组测序技术对其基因组SNP位点进行检测,基于获得的高质量SNP位点对这些材料进行遗传特征分析。【结果】从59份茶组植物材料获得45.84 Gb高质量序列（Clean reads）数据,平均每个材料为795.6 Mb,约占改良版茶树基因组大小（2.93 Gb）的26.5%,平均比对率为72.62%,经过滤后得到248772个高质量SNP位点,其中83.98%的高质量SNP位点分布在基因间区,16.02%分布于基因区;有22614个SNP位点分布在内含子,15038个SNP位点分布在外显子区,2203个SNP位点分布在非翻译区（UTR）。59份茶组植物材料的观察杂合度（Ho）为0.016~0.081,期望杂合度（He）为0.006~0.064,F为-0.331~0.737。主成分分析结果、系统发育进化树构建情况及遗传结构分析结果均显示59份茶组植物材料可分为3个类群,其中全部茶种（Camellia sinensis）材料归在一个类群、疏齿茶（C. remotiserrata）和大厂茶（C. tachangensis）归在一个类群、9份突肋茶（C. costata）单独归在一个类群,但疏齿茶与大厂茶及两个区域的大厂茶均处于独立的亚类群,此外茶种中的阿萨姆变种（C. sinensis var. assamica,CSA）和中国变种（C. sinensis var. sinensis,CSS）也处于不同的进化分支;突肋茶与疏齿茶和大厂茶的亲缘关系较其与茶种的亲缘关系更近。茶种、疏齿茶、大厂茶和突肋茶4类茶组植物存在互相融合的遗传背景。根据地理来源和种质类型可将59份茶组植物材料分为11个种群,不同种群间具有较低的基因流,但种群内部具有较高的基因流。【结论】不同茶组植物在基因组水平上存在明显差异,经典形态学分类上合二为一的大厂茶和疏齿茶在遗传结构上也存在差异,即分为2个变种更合适;茶组植物种内亲缘关系与其地理来源直接相关,在育种实践中应尽量避免相同地理来源材料间的杂交应用。     

茶树花药培养植株若干株系的RAPD分析

对茶树花药培养植株 6个株系 (含母树 )进行RAPD分析 ,用 6条 10聚体的随机引物共得到 190个扩增位点 ,其中多态位点有 76个 ,占扩增出的总位点的 4 0 % ;在检测到的 4 4条谱带中 ,2 5条具有多态性 ,多态性程度达 5 6 .8% ,表明茶树花药培养植株各株系之间在DNA序列上存在着差异。进行聚类分析 ,将 6个株系划分为两个类群 ,并在DNA分子水平上进一步证实株系 4为花粉植株。     

苦丁茶化学成分研究——黄酮类化合物的HPLC分离鉴定

用高效液相色谱法分离鉴定了苦丁茶的黄酮类物质,9个苦丁茶样品分离出12个不同峰,每个样品分别检出6～8个峰.经鉴定,多数苦丁茶样品含有芦丁、杨梅酮和槲皮素,苦丁绿细茶中这3种成分总量在93～851mg/100g之间,为茶叶(绿茶)的1.6～14.7倍;苦丁红细茶加工的发酵过程对这3种成分有破坏作用.苦丁茶黄酮类含量高于茶叶,可能是导致其品质风格与茶叶差异的根本原因.