Selection of Suitable Parents in the Development of Potato Hybrids in Bangladesh

Potatoes(Solanum tuberosum L)are the thirdlargest food crop in Bangladesh following rice andwheat and make a major contribution to the total foodsupply of the country.Although in many westerncountries potato is the number one staple food,it is al-most entirely used as a vegetable in Bangladesh.Thepotato is a short duration crop that produces a largeamount of calories in a short period of time[1].Thepotato produces more protein and calories per unitarea per unit time than any other major food…     

Properties of the pigment in black rice

Pigment was extracted from pericarp of black rice variety Zixiangnuo. The effects of several factors, including pH, light, chemical reagents and foodstuff additives on the color, solubility and heat stability of the pigment were observed. The color of the pigment varied with different acid conditions. When the pH was below 3, a stronger absorption peak at 495nm was observed. If the pH was between 3 and 10, there was a platform in 400-495nm. No obvious absorption peak in visible light region was found when pH was above 10. As the pH increased, the color of the pigment changed, from deep red to light red until to yellowishbrown, e.g. pH 0-2, deep red; pH3-4, red pH5-6, quite red; pH9-10, faint red; pH11, faint brown yellow; pH12, light brown yellow; pH13, yellowish brown; pH14, deep yellowish brown. The change of color was reversible. The pigment was quite stable under nature light conditions. At pH 1, it was basically unchanged within 10 d under sunlight or within 60 d under indoor nature light. However,     

Study on the structures of papilla of lemma in Oryza

Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｐａｐｉｌｌａｏｆｌｅｍｍａａｍｏｎｇ２３Ｏｒｙｚａｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｗｅｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄａｎｄｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄｉｎｔｏ６ｋｉｎｄｓｂｙｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ．Ｔｈｅｌｅｍｍａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗａｓｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｏｆｐａｐｉｌｌａｐｅｄｅｓｔａｌｓｗｉｔｈｍｕｌｔｉ＿ｒｏｗｌｏｎｇｉｔｕｄｉｎａｌｏｒｄｅｒｅｄａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｔｈｅｐａｐｉｌｌａｗａｓｉｎｓｅｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｏｐｅｄｅｓｔａｌ．Ｔｈｅｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇ…     

The change of the cationic peroxidase in the leaves at the fertile transformation period in Nongken 58s

Nongken 58s is a type of photoperiod sensitivegenic male sterile rice which gives rice to malesterility when illuminated time is longer than13.75 h/d. The photoperiod sensitive stagesare from the differentiation of primary branchprimordum (Ⅱ) in young ears to fullness ofcontents of the pollen (Ⅶ). The changes ofactivity and isoenzymes in cation peroxidase atphotoperiod sensitive stages and the relation-     

Distribution of the Classification Traits in the F2 Progeny of Two Crosses of indica/japonica in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Comparison of seed setting rate, plant height and Cheng′s morphological traits were made between the F2 progeny of indica japonica hybrids, 02428/Pei′ai 64 and Taichung 65/Teqing. There existed resemblance normal distribution in plant height, and the distribution had no relationship with the seed setting rate and plant height in F1 progeny, suggesting that there were no gametic selection for the plant height in the F2 progeny of indica japonica hybrids. An average seed setting rate of the F2 was equal to the F1 populations in the recombination of 02428/Pei′ai 64 in which there was an excellent cross compatibility, but the remarkable increase in the seed setting rate from the F1 to F2 in Taichung 65/Teqing, indicating that gametic selection only took place in the indica japonica crosses with low cross compatibility while null or little in the hybrids with high compatibility. There were many intermediate types among the leaf pubescence, color of hull at heading, and length of the first and second panicle internode, and these Cheng′s morphological traits was distributed normally; there were also a little intermediate types in hull hairness and phenol reaction with bi peak distribution; while length to width ratio of grain was inclined to the japonica types obviously showing a skewed distribution in the F2 population. Although Cheng′s morphological traits in F2 populations had inconsistent distribution types, Cheng′s morphological traits index showed normal distribution, which suggested that intermediate types, i.e. indicalinous or japonicalinous, were primary in F2 population.     

Distribution of the Classification Traits in the F2 Progeny of Two Crosses of indica／japonica in Rice （Oryza sativa）

Comparison of seed setting rate, plant height and Cheng‘s morphological traits were made between the F2 progeny of indica-japonica hybrids, 02428/Pei‘ai 64 and Taichung 65/Teqing. There existed resemblance normal distribution in plant height, and the distribution had no relationship with the seed setting rate and plant height in F1 progeny, suggesting that there were no gametic selection for the plant height in the F2 progeny of indica-japonica hybrids. An average seed setting rate of the F2 was equal to the F1 populations in the recombination of 02428/Pei‘ai 64 in which there was an excellent cross compatibility, but the remarkable increase in the seed setting rate from the F1 to F2 in Taichung 65/Teqing, indicating that gametic selection only took place in the indica-japonica crosses with low cross compatibility while null or little in the hybrids with high compatibility. There were many intermediate types among the leaf pubescence, color of hull at heading, and length of the first and second panicle internode, and these Cheng‘s morphological traits was distributed normally; there were also a little intermediate types in hull hairness and phenol reaction with bi-peak distribution; while length to width ratio of grain was inclined to the japonica types obviously showing a skewed distribution in the Fz population. Although Cheng‘s morphological traits in F2 populations had inconsistent distribution types, Cheng‘s morphological traits index showed normal distribution, which suggested that intermediate types, i.e. indicalinous or japonicalinous, were primary in F2 population.     

Distribution of the Si-deficiency rice soil in Hubet Province

There are about 1 million ha of Si-deficiency paddy soils in Hubei Province, Practically, it is essential to study the Si nutrient status in those Si-deficiency rice soil and its regional distribution before the application of Si-fertilizer.     

Assessment of Various Factors Involved in the Tissue Culture System of Rice

To optimize conditions for an efficient embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from mature seeds of japonica rice cultivar Xiushui 11 and indica cultivar XC95, different factors such as plant growth regulators, casein hydrolysate, carbohydrate source and concentration, and various gelation conditions including gel type for callus induction and phyta gel concentration for shoot regeneration were studied in detail to determine their role in the system. Overall, induction of embryogenic callus in case of Xiushui 11 was the most efficient (67.2%) in the media supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar while in case of XC95, 2 mg/L of 2,4-D combined with 0.5 mg/L of BAP and NAA generated the best result (61.2%). Inclusion of 0.3% agarose (pure form) or phyta gel further enhanced the callus induction efficiency (80%) in Xiusui 11. Higher concentration (300–500 mg/L) of casein hydrolysate was found to significantly inhibit the browning of calli in XC95. Role of cytokinin and phyta gel concentration was critical for shoot regeneration in both classes of rice. Increased strength of phyta gel was observed to enhance the shoot regeneration frequency. The optimal concentration of 2 mg/L and 3 mg/L for KT was necessary for higher differentiation frequency supplemented with 0.5% and 0.6% phyta gel in case of japonica and indica rice, respectively.     

Biological characteristics of Ustilaginoidae virens and the screening in vitro of the causal pathogen of false smut of rice and fungicides

Green smut bails were collected from diseased rice panicles and surtace sterilized in sodium chloride for 5 minutes. The orange colored internal tissues were placed on PDA medium kept at 25℃ for 5 d to get pure cultures. PDA plates with the pathogen mycelial pieces in diameter of 5mm were incubated under 9 temperature grades ranged from 13 to 35℃.     

Distribution of the Si-deficiency rice soil in Hubei Province

There are about 1 million ha of Si-deficiency paddy soils in Hubei Province. Practically, it is essential to study the Si nutrient status in those Si-deficiency rice soil and its regional distribution before the application of Si-fertilizer. According to the analysis of 50 rice soil samples which collected from 20 counties/cities in Hubei Province, the available Si content in rice soils derived from different parent materials varied greatly. The Si content from high to low was in sequence of limestone, redpurplish sandy shale with carbonate, alluvium and lacustrine deposits, quaternary period red clay, granitic gneiss, and sandy shale. In addition, the Si content in rice soil was remarkably related with its pH. It seems that the pH 6.5 might be a demarcation line that divided the supplying Si ability of rice soils into the low and high categories (Table 1). Integrating the results with a critical soil Si-deficiency as 100 mg/kg, the evaluation index of soil Si supplying capability of a rice soil     

Expression activity of the CpTI gene in transgenic rice plants

Ｐｌａｎｔｈａｒｂｏｕｒｅｄｐｒｏｔｅａｓｅｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｉｓａｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｐｌａｎｔｄｅｆｅｎｓｅｓｙｓ ｔｅｍａｇａｉｎｓｔｉｎｓｅｃｔｐｒｅｄａｔｉｏｎ．Ｐｌａｎｔｓｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｗｉｔｈｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｐｌａｎｔ ｐｒｏ ｔｅａｓｅｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｇｅｎｅｓｃａｎｅｎｈａｎｃｅｒｅ ｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｔｏｉｎｓｅｃｔｐｅｓｔｓ．Ｓｏｆａｒ，ａｔｌｅａｓｔ２０ｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｐｌａｎｔｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｔｏｂａｃｃｏ，ｒｉｃｅ，ｔｏｍａｔｏ，ｃｏｔｔｏｎｅｔａ…     

The Beauty of Elegance ‘Pungnyu＇ in the Tea Culture of Korea

‘Tea culture＇ broadly includes ‘providing tea＇,‘ the tea ceremony＇,‘ tea ritual＇,‘ tea artistry＇ and ‘ tea party＇.The concept of ‘Pungnyu＇ in Korea was proposed by Choi Chi-won （857 ～ 894？）,who pointed out that ＂there is a profound truth ‘ Tao＇ in Korea,which was considered to be ‘ Pungnyu＇ or the beauty of elegance.The origin of ‘Pungnyu＇ can be traced back to the history of hermits.‘Pungnyu＇ includes the teachings of Buddhism,Confucianism and Taoism.     

A study of the measurement of fracture toughness in cohesive soil – relationship between the size of initial crack and diameter of specimen

The phenomenon of hydraulic fracturing is considered to be one of the causes of leakage in fill-type dams. In recent years, it has been found that an estimate of the fracture toughness of a given type of soil could be used as an indicator of the soils resistance to hydraulic fracturing. One of the problems encountered in its estimation is the assumption that fracture toughness has been theoretically defined for samples of infinite sizes. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to determine the fracture toughness of samples (of the same size) prepared with initial cracks of various lengths. The main objective was to investigate the relationship of the initial crack length to fracture toughness. The stress distribution around the crack tip for each laboratory test sample was estimated by FEM analysis and by a theoretical equation. These analytical results corresponded reasonably well to results from laboratory tests to determine the appropriate length of the initial crack for the test specimens.     

Inhibition of Ultraviolet B-Induced Expression of the Proinflammatory Cytokines TNF-α and VEGF in the Cornea by Fucoxanthin Treatment in a Rat Model

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is the most common cause of radiation damage to the eyeball and is a risk factor for human corneal damage. We determined the protective effect of fucoxanthin, which is a carotenoid found in common edible seaweed, on ocular tissues against oxidative UVB-induced corneal injury. The experimental rats were intravenously injected with fucoxanthin at doses of 0.5, 5 mg/kg body weight/day or with a vehicle before UVB irradiation. Lissamine green for corneal surface staining showed that UVB irradiation caused serious damage on the corneal surface, including severe epithelial exfoliation and deteriorated epithelial smoothness. Histopathological lesion examination revealed that levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), significantly increased. However, pretreatment with fucoxanthin inhibited UVB radiation-induced corneal disorders including evident preservation of corneal surface smoothness, downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression, and decrease of infiltrated polymorphonuclear leukocytes from UVB-induced damage. Moreover, significant preservation of the epithelial integrity and inhibition of stromal swelling were also observed after UVB irradiation in fucoxanthin-treated groups. Pretreatment with fucoxanthin may protect against UVB radiation-induced corneal disorders by inhibiting expression of proinflammatory factors, TNF-α, and VEGF and by blocking polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration.     

Studies on the relationship between the changes of the endogenous scavengers of active oxygen and resistance in hybrid rice under temperature stress

The seedlings of indica hybrid rice Weiyou 49 and Weiyou 28 were exposed to 1℃ and 40℃ .and the changes of activity (content) of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbic acid (ASA), glutathione (GSH),malondialdehyde (MDA) and leakage of electrolytes (%) were measured.     

Study on the fractionation of inorganic phosphates in some paddy soils of Hunan Province

Hunan Province of China,lying in the centralof subtropical zone,is one of the major pro-duction areas of double-season rice.Rice pad-dy is the main agricultural soil of the area.Mixed samples of plough horizon（0-20cm）ofmajor types of paddy soils were collected be- fore cultivation in the spring of 1996-1997.The chemical fractions of inorganic phosphatesand the relationships between inorganic phos- phates and olsen-available P in the soils werestudied by using the fractionation system of in-organic phosphates proposed by JIANG Baifanet al.