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生猪养殖户安全生产行为及其影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(20)
本文将生猪养殖户的饲料使用、添加剂使用、兽药使用以及病死猪处理等行为视为一个整体进行分析,采用multivariate probit模型,综合考察影响生猪养殖户安全生产行为的因素。结果显示,养殖年限对养殖户的生产行为具有显著的负向影响;养殖规模和专业化程度对养殖户不同生产行为的影响程度不同:养殖规模对遵守休药期以及病死猪无害化处理的行为具有正向影响,但时饲料和添加剂的使用行为影响不显著;专业化有助于规范养殖户添加剂的使用行为和病死猪的处理行为,但对饲料和兽药的使用行为影响甚微。由此提出,有针对性地加强对养殖户的宣传教育,发展适度规模经营,推广病死猪处理技术以及增强对养殖户的技术指导等,是保障猪肉质量安全的有效途径。 相似文献
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为了解我国不同规模肉鸡养殖成本效率和养殖效益情况,文章运用超越对数随机前沿成本函数和灰色关联度对2011—2020年不同规模肉鸡养殖成本效率和养殖效益的影响因素进行分析。结果显示:料肉比显著负向影响三种规模养殖成本效率(P<0.05),且对小规模影响程度更大;地区特征显著影响小、中规模养殖成本效率(P<0.05);销售价格显著正向影响小规模成本效率(P<0.01),显著负向影响中规模成本效率(P<0.1);养殖户受教育水平显著负向影响小规模成本效率(P<0.1),显著正向影响大规模成本效率(P<0.05);三种规模成本效率均呈现下降趋势,成本效率与规模水平不完全是正向关系,北方地区成本效率高于南方地区;影响不同规模肉鸡养殖效益的前四位因素均为料肉比、销售价格、养殖户受教育水平以及饲料价格。建议肉鸡养殖户及时把握市场行情,合理调整饲料配方,培育专业养殖队伍。 相似文献
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据我们调查,养殖户在饲料使用中常出现以下几种误区:1精饲料喂的越多越好由于受传统养殖粗放管理方法的影响,根本不考虑饲料的营养平衡问题,任意添加精料而忽视其他成分,如肉猪饲养后期仍大量使用精料,而不用或少用粗饲料,结果不仅增加了饲养成本,而且影响了猪,鸡等生产性能的发挥。2只认名牌饲料有的养殖户,为了提高产出率,不论畜禽行情如何,一直喜欢使用名牌饲料,名牌饲料绝大部分的质量是比较稳定的,但因价格高,从而增加了成本。养殖户可以通过调查了解,选择几家产品作对比试验,选出质量较好,价格适中的饲料,以降低成本。3大量使用低档低… 相似文献
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饲料成本占养殖成本的70%~80%,因此饲料成本的高低直接影响到养殖专业户的生产水平和经济效益。如何选择饲料原料及全价饲料是每一个养殖户都非常重视的问题,但是许多养殖户在饲料的选择上还存在一些误区,从而影响了养殖户的经济效益。 相似文献
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M. Wurzinger A. Willam J. Delgado M. Nürnberg A.V. Zárate A. Stemmer G. Ugarte J. Sölkner 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2008,125(5):311-319
No national breeding programme for llamas is in place in Bolivia. Initiatives for genetic improvement are rarely found and are usually carried out by NGOs working in rural development or improvement of livestock production or research stations. Farmers in the Province of Ayopaya in the District of Cochabamba have formed a breeders’ organization with the aim of improving fibre production. In this study, a detailed outline of a breeding programme with a focus on organizational and technical details is described. Facing constraints like illiteracy of farmers, bad infrastructure and lack of finances, a simple breeding programme is set up. The breeding goal is a higher fleece weight while keeping the fleece quality at the current high level. Greasy fleece weight and fibre diameter are identified as main selection criteria. Mass selection of males is carried out. Selected males are either exchanged between farmers and used in the herds or are kept during the mating season in a central mating station owned by the breeders’ organization. Model calculations were carried out with the program zplan , which is based on a deterministic approach. zplan evaluates the genetic and economic efficiency of breeding strategies considering one cycle of selection. Scenarios with only intra-herd use, using only the central mating station or combinations of those were compared in terms of expected genetic gain and expected increase of inbreeding. Fastest genetic progress is achieved when the males are kept in a central mating station as the selection intensity is on a high level. Rates of inbreeding vary between 0.08 and 0.32% per generation. 相似文献
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Yitaye Alemayehu Ayenew Maria Wurzinger Azage Tegegne Werner Zollitsch 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1143-1150
In order to characterise the dairy production systems as well as the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows
in the study area, a total of 256 and 54 dairy farms were used for survey and monitoring data collection, respectively. Based
on breed, land size, feed and market accessibility, two major dairy production systems were identified: a rather specialized,
urban, and a peri-urban dairy production system. Urban farmers owned larger herds but farmed less land, and sold a greater
proportion of liquid milk than peri-urban farmers, who processed more milk. Purchased feed played a more important role for
the feed supply of urban than peri-urban farms. Significant breed effects were found for productive and reproductive performance
traits. It is concluded that improved breeding and health management, genetic improvement of local breeds and supplementation
of poor quality feed resources are the key factors for enhancing productivity of dairy cows and thereby increasing family
income from milk production. 相似文献
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J. Peura R. Kempe I. Strandén L. Rydhmer 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(6):485-492
The profit and production of an average Finnish blue fox farm was simulated using a deterministic bio‐economic farm model. Risk was included using Arrow‐Prat absolute risk aversion coefficient and profit variance. Risk‐rated economic values were calculated for pregnancy rate, litter loss, litter size, pelt size, pelt quality, pelt colour clarity, feed efficiency and eye infection. With high absolute risk aversion, economic values were lower than with low absolute risk aversion. Economic values were highest for litter loss (18.16 and 26.42 EUR), litter size (13.27 and 19.40 EUR), pregnancy (11.99 and 18.39 EUR) and eye infection (12.39 and 13.81 EUR). Sensitivity analysis showed that selection pressure for improved eye health depended strongly on proportion of culled animals among infected animals and much less on the proportion of infected animals. The economic value of feed efficiency was lower than expected (6.06 and 8.03 EUR). However, it was almost the same magnitude as pelt quality (7.30 and 7.30 EUR) and higher than the economic value of pelt size (3.37 and 5.26 EUR). Risk factors should be considered in blue fox breeding scheme because they change the relative importance of traits. 相似文献
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我国作为农业大国,农村经济发展的提升对我国整体社会发展水平的提升具有良好的推动作用.乡村振兴战略能为农村经济发展提供更强的保障、更集中的资源.当前,饲料产业作为农业农村经济发展中重要的一环,对提升农民收入、促进农村经济发展有重要作用.饲料业供应链深入乡村能提高农产品流通环节的效率,帮助农民走出农产品交易成本高、渠道不稳... 相似文献
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为了解安徽省六安市猪预混料市场营销现状,并为生猪养殖户科学选择预混料以及预混料生产企业制定销售策略提供参考,通过电话调查和走访的方式,对该市生猪养殖场的猪预混料使用情况进行了调查。结果表明:随着猪场养殖年限的增加会提高预混料的使用率;对于不同养殖模式的生猪养殖场,以养殖育肥猪为主的猪场更愿意使用预混料;年出栏育肥猪数量的增加会提高预混料的使用率;合理的价格、稳定的质量、及时的供货以及优惠政策的制订,均有利于维持养殖户对预混料产品的忠诚度。根据调查结果,提出以下建议:预混料厂家应以兽药饲料经销商作为主要分销渠道,将以出售育肥猪为主业且规模较大、养殖时间较长的猪场列为重点目标客户,加强售后服务,同时配合灵活的销售政策,培育忠诚的客户群,不断提高产品的市场竞争力;猪场采购预混料时要选择品牌形象好、价格合理、质量稳定、服务良好的产品。 相似文献
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目前中国经济正逐步向新常态转型,对经济发展的质量、速度、结构、内涵都有了新的要求.在经济新常态下,饲料行业的发展会受到来自不同层面的多种影响.文章通过总结目前中国饲料生产行业所受阻碍,对饲料行业发展的影响因素进行了分析,并针对这些因素提出了合理化建议,以帮助饲料企业不断发展. 相似文献