略论种植业结构调整与种子产业化发展的相互作用

市场经济条件下，农业的发展需要种植业结构的调整。种植业结构调整直接带动种子产业的发展，种子产业的发展反过来又促进农业种植结构的调整，农民的增收。要抓住优化农业种植结构调整这个机遇，大力发展种子产业。     

加强种子管理促进种植业结构调整

种子是不可替代的生产资料,在种植业结构调整中占有特殊的地位,加强种子管理十分重要。1 种子是种植业结构调整的“龙头” 调整种植结构的目的就是要调优、调强,发展农业生产和农村经济,确保农民增产增收。种子作为种植业中一种特殊的不可替代的重要生产资料,其质量的优劣不仅直接关系到农产品的产量和品质,而且关系到农业生产的丰歉和农民的收入。     

浅谈种植业结构调整中的种子管理

在我国社会主义市场经济体制建立和完善的过程中 ,经济结构调整是市场经济发展的必然结果 ,作为农业产业中的种植业结构自然也要进行调整。所谓种植业结构调整 ,就是以市场需求为导向 ,根据本地的生产条件 ,合理地安排各种农作物及其品种的种植比例和种植面积 ,生产出足够数量的优质农产品 ,更好地满足以农产品为主要原料的工业生产和日益提高的城乡居民日常生活的需要。正由于是面向市场 ,所以种植业结构调整是根据市场供需平衡而经常变动的动态调整。种植业结构调整事关农业生产和农村经济的发展 ,事关农民增产增收 ,务必引起高度重视 ,采…     

发挥辽宁种业优势搞好种植业结构调整

发展效益农业,调整和优化种植业结构,确保农村经济的稳步发展,推动畜牧业的发展,是我国当今农业和农村经济工作的重要内容.如何较好地发挥我省种业的优势,加快农业结构战略性调整,做大做强专用玉米种子产业,优化农产品品质结构,强化专用玉米种子的生产,这对推进我省农业产业化发展具有重大的现实意义.面对社会的需求、市场的需要,研究和探讨如何抓住机遇,搞好专用特用玉米的生产与开发,形成优质、高效、高产的特色农业,有效地壮大和发展辽宁的种子产业,是我们目前面临的重要课题之一.     

阿里地区种植业生产现状与结构调整

阿里地区是我国海拔最高的地区，独特的地理位置和气候特点，形成了阿里地区独特的种植业生产格局。本文分析了阿里地区的种植业生产现状，提出了种植业结构调整的原则和种植结构的调整方式，为阿里地区的种植业生产和农业发展提供依据。     

加速优良品种选育推广促进种植业结构调整

大力实施选育推广优良品种,优化种植业结构,提高粮食综合生产水平,改善人民生活质量,是全面建设小康社会,实现农村经济协调可持续发展的重点。适应市场需求,把现有的优良品种、新技术及时有效地推广开来,扎实推进种植业结构调整,提升农业综合效益,是目前做好种植业结构调整工作的关键。     

福建农垦种植业结构调整探讨

分析了福建农垦种植业结构现状,指出当前种植业结构存在的主要问题,提出种植业结构调整应当采取粮经比例、品种结构、品质结构、区域布局等5个方面调整措施,不断优化农垦种植业结构,实现农业增产增收。     

加强作物育种攻关促进农业结构调整

国务院发布的<农业科技发展纲要>中指出,"十五"期间,农业科技工作要围绕调整农业和农村经济结构,提高农业效益,改善生态环境和提高国际竞争力,重点组织实施"十大科技行动".实施作物良种科技行为,促进种植业结构调整是十大行动之一.该<纲要>的发布,给育种工作者提出了今后一段时期育种工作的研究方向、目标和要求.     

阿里地区种植生产及其结构调整

西藏阿里地区是我国海拔最高的地区，独特的地理位置和气候特点，形成了阿里地区独特的种植业生产格局。本文分析了珂里地区的种植业生产现状，提出了种植业结构调整措施、种植业布局和种植制度的调整，为阿里地区的种植业生产和农业发展提供依据。     

对农业结构调整的再认识

农业结构调整是中国农业进入新阶段和中国加入世贸组织大背景下实施的一项战略决策,是对整个农村经济结构的调整,包括种、养、加、销等产业链条的各个环节.在党中央一系列正确农业方针政策指引下,各级政府部门,把加快调整农业结构步伐做为解决"三农"问题的有效途径,促进了中国农业朝着规范化、规模化、标准化的方向健康而又平衡地发展.近几年来,中国农业结构调整可谓亮点频现.一是种植业结构的调整力度加大,优质专用产品明显增加.据统计,新世纪初,全国优质专用小麦面积增加13.8%,"双低"油菜籽面积增加14.3%.蔬菜、水果、蚕桑、茶叶、花卉、中药材等园艺产品已成为农民收入新的增长点.     

依法治种 做好种子管理工作

宣传贯彻《种子法》,依法治种 ,有利于规范种子生产者、经营者和使用者的行为 ,维护其合法权益 ,为种业创造公平竞争的发展环境 ,促进优胜劣汰 ;有利于优化种业资源配置 ,促进种业科技创新 ,通过资金、技术等方面重组 ,形成育繁销一体化 ,促进种子产业发展。我市种子管理部门在     

几种碱性试剂对循环水养殖系统中pH值调节的研究

在循环水养殖系统中pH值会因为鱼类所排放的CO2和硝化反应所产的酸而降低,过低的pH值会对鱼类生长产生十分不利的影响。因此加碱调节pH值对于维持循环水养殖的稳定运行时非常重要的。目前关于这方面的研究以理论分析为主,具体实验研究较少见。采用氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠溶液对采集于淡水循环水养殖系统中的水样进行滴定实验,得到相应的滴定曲线,与同等条件下滴定的去离子水曲线比较后发现,淡水循环水养殖系统中的水体具有缓冲性。氢氧化钠的滴定曲线与碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠的滴定曲线相比,在突越点前和在突越点后,pH值的变化都相对剧烈,为了避免加碱后会对水体pH值产生较大波动,宜选择碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠等弱碱性物质。同时,在pH值降至突越点之前,补充碱性试剂是一个较合适的时机。     

关于种子市场经济结构调整问题

本文通过对种子市场经济形势分析，系统地论述了种子经济结构调整构造种子市场运营的行为主体、发育经济载体、建立利益机制和推进科技创新的基本思路，提出了创建种子产业化基本框架、落实扶持政策、开展社会化服务和强化执法监督的行政规范，为提高种子经营管理水平、促进种子经济持续繁荣发展提供了科学依据。     

油葵的实用价值及其在贵州农业产业结构调整中的作用

油用向日葵是近 30年来总产量增长最快的世界三大油料作物之一 ,年增长率为 7.1% ,油用葵花的籽实含油率一般在 4 6 %左右 ,出油率在 4 2 %以上。向日葵油不含芥酸、硫代葡萄糖甙等对人体有害的物质 ,但含有丰富的对人体非常有益的不饱和脂肪酸和脂肪酸 ,其中亚油酸含量 6 5%左右 ,油酸含量 2 5%左右。亚油酸能调节新陈代谢 ,维持血压平衡 ,能溶解脱离沉积在肠壁上的多余胆固醇 ,因而可降低血压 ,预防动脉硬化 ,由于含有和亚油酸比例适当的维生素E,可阻止亚油酸的迅速氧化。另外还含有大量的维生素 A、类胡萝素等人体必需的营养物质 ,在促…     

试谈种植业结构调整中广东蔬菜产业的发展

从 198 9年至 1999年 10年间 ,广东省农作物和粮食作物的种植面积分别缩减 2 8.5 7万 hm2 和5 7.68万 hm2 ,而蔬菜种植面积却增加了 4 7.4 3万hm2 ,几乎增加了一倍 ,蔬菜种植面积由原来占农作物总种植面积的 8.77%上升到 18.2 6%。如从化市旗杆镇近十年来 ,水稻种植面积由原来 1333hm2 降至现在的 60 0 hm2 以下 ,荔枝等水果面积由原来的666.7hm2 增至现在的 2 0 0 0 hm2 左右 ,蔬菜面积则由原来的 36.7hm2 增至现在的 4 0 0 hm2 以上。在发展蔬菜上 ,当地农民近年主要引入粤科牌瓜类、茄果类品种 ,更新了品种 ,优化了品种结构。由于田间菜…     

Genetic variation and changes with ontogeny of osmotic adjustment in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Summary Intraspecific variation for osmotic adjustment in sunflower was examined using a collection of 33 genotypes of different origin which were exposed to water stress at the 8-leaf stage. Changes in osmotic adjustment with ontogeny were also evaluated in the pre- and post-anthesis phases using seven genotypes drawn from this collection. Estimates of osmotic adjustment were derived from measurements of leaf relative water content (RWC) and osmotic potential () during a period in which the soil was allowed to dry out gradually. The degree of osmotic adjustment, expressed as the value of RWC for a of –1.7 MPa (RWCe), was derived from the ln RWC/ln relationship. Both monophasic and biphasic ln RWC/ln relationships were found. Irrespective of the form of the relationship, all genotypes at the 8-leaf stage showed some degree of osmotic adjustment. This was also true for the cultivars included in the subset examined in pre- and post-anthesis phases. Significant differences (P=0.05) in RWCe were found between extreme genotypes in all three phases.Significant (P=0.05) linear relationships were found between RWCe measured in the 8-leaf stage and that measured in the pre- and post-anthesis phases, establishing the viability of measurements in the 8-leaf stage as a means of selection for osmotic adjustment in later developmental stages. Genotype rank order was stable (P=0.01) across the three ontogenetic phases examined.Abbreviations ETp potential evapotranspiration - osmotic potential - RWC relative water content - RWCe value of RWC for a of –1.7 MPa     

Patterns of osmotic adjustment in pigeonpea — its importance as a mechanism of drought resistance

Osmotic adjustment (OA) is considered as an important physiological mechanism of drought adaptation in many crop plants. The present investigation was aimed at assessing the importance of OA in improving productivity under drought. Using two automated rain-out shelters, 26 extra-short-duration pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotypes were grown with irrigation during the growth period or with water deficit imposed from flowering until maturity. Mean leaf Ψs₁₀₀ (60–92 DAS) under drought correlated significantly (r²=0.72**; n=26) to the mean OA (60–92 DAS) and contributed 72% of the genotypic variation in OA. Significant genotypic variation was observed in the initiation of OA, the duration of OA and the degree of OA. Based on the measured OA at 72, 82, and 92 days after sowing (DAS), genotypes were grouped into five different clusters. Genotypic differences in total dry matter production under drought were positively associated with OA at 72 DAS (r²=0.36**, n=26). Significant positive relationship between OA at 72 DAS and grain yield under drought was found (r²=0.16*; n=26). However, OA towards the end of pod filling phase, i.e. at 92 DAS, had a significant negative relationship with grain yield under drought (r²=0.21*; n=26). Genotypic differences in grain yield under drought was best explained using stepwise multiple regression to account for differences in OA at 72, 82, and 92 DAS (r²=0.41**; n=78). The degree of OA at 72 and 82 DAS contributed positively to the grain yield, whereas OA at 92 DAS contributed negatively to this relationship.     

Expression analysis of the genes involved in osmotic adjustment in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under terminal drought stress conditions

Osmotic adjustment is the main component for physiological machinery of wheat drought tolerance. Some of parameters implicated in osmotic adjustment in 15 bread wheat cultivars were evaluated at soil water deficits (50% FC) and FC as the control in the greenhouse. For the physiological traits, analysis of variance showed that there are highly significant differences between treatments, i.e. water stress levels and wheat cultivars. Shahpasand and Marvdasht as sensitive wheat cultivars had significantly lower osmotic adjustment, relative water content, K+ content, soluble sugar, proline, and glycine betaine levels than the rest of the cultivars. The results of cluster analysis revealed that all cultivars were grouped into three distinct clusters. Dez, Kavir, Pishtaz, and Maron cultivars which have the highest osmoregulation activity were in cluster I, whereas clusters II (Pishgam, Aflak, Hirmand, Zagros, and Vee/Nac) and III (Ws-89-2, Sardari, Azar2, Shapasand, and Marvdasht) had intermediate activity and the lowest capacities for osmoregulation, respectively. In addition, in wheat flag leaf during the reproductive stage under drought conditions, the changes in gene expression of two key genes namely P5CS (D-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase) and BADH (Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase) in two selected cultivars including Dez and Marvdasht revealed that water stress can increase the expression level of the genes P5CS and BADH in the resistant cultivar, Dez, compared with Marvdasht, the sensitive one. In general, it seemed that application of the all cultivars in cluster I would enable breeders to acquire more reliable achievements under drought conditions.