新疆塔城地区羊棘球蚴病个体流行率测量

目的:为了了解新疆塔城地区羊棘球蚴病真实流行率.方法:采用横断面研究,采样分为两阶段抽样策略,第一阶段为县(市)抽样采用随机抽样策略,预定流行率=85％、CI=90％、可接受误差=15％;第二阶段为个体抽样采用按养殖大小成比例抽样(PPS)策略,预期流行率=30％,CI=90％,可接受误差=5％,采集血清1839份,血清样品进行ELISA抗体检测,根据检测结果、敏感性和特异性计算真实流行率.结果:塔城地区羊棘球蚴病个体表观流行率(AP)为52.7％,统计分析得出个体真实流行率(TP)为55.2％,95％置信区间为52.9～57.4％.结论:1.本次研究首次通过两阶段抽样策略对羊棘球蚴病在个体流行率进行了测量,从方法上相对以往的监测方法更加科学,包括不同年龄、性别的羊只,更接近研究时段内该地区的真实情况.2.相比之下,血清学检测简便、快速、检测通量大,我地区可在今后的羊棘球蚴病流行病学调查、监测和检测工作逐步推广ELISA诊断方法,进而更客观、更准确地掌握棘球蚴病流行情况,做好防控工作.     

阿克苏地区家畜棘球蚴病感染情况调查分析

为了掌握阿克苏地区家畜感染棘球蚴绦虫情况,笔者对辖内县市牛、羊、犬感染棘球蚴情况进行了调查。结果显示,屠宰场牛感染率为5%,羊感染率为9%;1629份犬粪检测阳性率为29.3%。结果表明,棘球蚴绦虫在阿克苏地区流行普遍、感染率高。本次试验为阿克苏地区家畜棘球蚴病的防控提供了科学依据~[1]。     

羊棘球蚴(包虫)病基因工程亚单位疫苗(EG95)在甘肃地区的免疫试验

甘肃省是全国包虫病疫区省份之一,多年来人间、畜间包虫病流行严重。为了验证羊棘球蚴(包虫)病基因工程亚单位疫苗在甘肃地区使用的安全性和免疫效果,2015年用羊棘球蚴(包虫)病基因工程亚单位疫苗,在甘肃省甘南州的玛曲县、碌曲县和庆阳市的环县3个点进行了免疫试验,同时采取首免前、二免前及免后90 d的羊血分离血清,采用羊棘球蚴Eg95包被的ELISA抗体检测试剂盒进行检测。结果表明:试验组首免前羊棘球蚴抗体阳性率0.99%~11.63%;二免前阳性率73.13%~85.57%;首免后90 d阳性率81.54%~98.44%。对照组首免前羊棘球蚴抗体阳性率为0;二免前阳性率0~5.71%;首免后90 d阳性率11.11%~20.00%。羊棘球蚴(包虫)病基因工程亚单位疫苗反应在羊只品种上有差异:山羊上有反应,而藏绵羊上无反应。     

EKITTO试剂条和ELISA试剂盒对粪源犬棘球绦虫检测结果的对比试验

正青海省是世界上棘球绦虫和棘球蚴病(包虫病)流行最严重的地区[1],据报道,牛、羊棘球蚴病的感染率达7.25%、11.30%,海西德令哈地区牛、羊感染率高达90.0%和59.6%[2-3],人细粒棘球蚴和多房棘球蚴的感染率达6.1%和5.1%[4]。犬在青海省牧区作为看护牛羊和守护家园的动物,具有庞大的数量,和人及动物接触最为密切。犬作为包虫病的终末宿主,是该病最重要的传染源。据报道,青海省犬细     

青海贵南县牦牛、藏羊棘球蚴感染呈下降趋势

[目的]掌握青海贵南县牦牛、藏羊棘球蚴病感染情况。[方法]在牛、羊集中屠宰期对近年来牦牛、藏羊棘球蚴病感染情况进行调查。[结果] 2011—2014年间,牦牛感染率分别为26.67%、18.94%、11.25%、22%;藏羊感染率为46.94%、28.94%、12.5%、25.33%,总体呈下降趋势。[结论]说明当前的牛羊驱虫和家犬管理工作取得一定成效。     

河南省新蔡县屠宰羊群棘球蚴感染情况调查

为查明河南省新蔡县羊棘球蚴流行情况与分布特点,2017年在县内部分屠宰场开展了流行病学调查,眼观检查屠宰羊肝脏和肺脏,并进行棘球蚴计数与登记。结果显示:被调查的830只羊中,有18只检测为棘球蚴阳性,个体阳性率为2.17%;多数乡镇存在棘球蚴感染羊群,个体阳性率差异较小;不同年龄阶段羊群的个体阳性率随年龄增加逐渐升高,4岁以上羊群的个体阳性率达到了7.31%。结果提示,当地畜牧兽医部门应重视对羊群棘球蚴感染的控制。     

绵羊细粒棘球蚴全血金标渗滤检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速、高效的诊断家畜细粒棘球蚴病方法,提取绵羊细粒棘球蚴包囊新鲜囊液,盐析囊液抗原,点样于硝酸纤维膜,以胶体金-驴抗羊IgG和胶体金-兔抗鼠IgG为检测标记物,采用垂直流渗滤装置检测绵羊与人工感染细粒棘球蚴小鼠血清和全血特异性抗体。患病绵羊阳性血清及全血检出率在90.91%~94.4%,细粒棘球蚴感染小鼠血清及全血检出率均为100%;细粒棘球蚴阴性羊血清和全血假阳性率为4.00%~4.59%;与脑多头蚴病血清交叉反应率为28.57%(2/7)。研究结果表明细粒棘球蚴全血金标渗滤法(DIGFA)可应用于绵羊棘球蚴病的诊断与检疫。     

玉树县牧区中老年人群棘球蚴病流行调查及社会因素分析

为了解青海省玉树县牧区中老年人群棘球蚴病流行现状,采用棘球蚴病体外快速诊断试剂盒检测、影像学检查和了解发病史的综合诊断方法,对玉树县牧区40岁以上中老年藏族人群共169位牧民进行棘球蚴病检查和流行病学社会因素调查。结果表明,阳性15人,阳性率8．9％;既往病史和本次确诊共有14人感染棘球蚴病,感染率8．3％。流行病学社会因素调查显示,82．3％的牧民知道或听说过人棘球蚴病,也见过牛羊棘球蚴,但缺乏流行病学规律的知识,预防意识淡薄。建议采取以驱除狗棘球绦虫为主的综合防治措施,减轻人、畜棘球蚴病的感染和危害。     

青海省湟源县棘球蚴病流行情况调查

采用常规方法对青海省湟源县人与家畜棘球蚴病感染情况进行调查,结果人、牛、羊、犬棘球蚴病感染率分别为0.14%、20.30%、28.60%、10.00%,棘球蚴病常识知识知晓率为45.0%。调查结果表明当地畜间棘球蚴病流行严重,终末宿主犬的感染率较高,应当引起当地有关部门的重视,加强防治工作。     

宁夏2015年畜间包虫病流行病学调查

[目的]掌握宁夏部分地区畜间包虫病（棘球蚴病）流行情况,为包虫病的净化和综合防治提供依据。[方法] 2015年6—12月,对宁夏地区家畜和野生动物棘球蚴感染情况、农牧民对包虫病的知晓情况,采取问卷调查、实验室检测、实地走访座谈等方式进行调查。[结果]本次调查共抽查羊脏器2 092份,棘球蚴感染阳性率为3.35%;牛脏器1 749份,阳性率为0;检测羊血清样品2 080份,棘球蚴感染抗体阳性率为40.39%;检测犬粪样品4 620份,棘球绦虫感染阳性率为4.05%。调查3个县（区）的高原鼠兔、黄鼠等300只,均未发现有棘球蚴感染。调查还发现,农牧民对包虫病的知晓率参差不齐。[结论]针对宁夏地区畜间包虫病防治中存在的问题,建议加强犬只管理,积极开展犬的驱虫工作;加强牛羊屠宰管理;对新生母羔羊采用基因工程疫苗进行免疫;加强对农牧民的健康教育;加大政府的防治投入。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.