影响蛋鸡产蛋率因素的研究

将2400只29周龄AA种鸡均分为3组,第1组进行环境因素对产蛋率影响的试验,第2组进行传染病对产蛋率影响的试验,第3组进行饲养管理对产蛋率影响的试验。每组分为4小组,1组为对照组,2、3、4组分别为处理组。结果表明,在温度为16℃、湿度为65%、光照在18Lux的标准环境下蛋鸡的产蛋率最高为85.7%;在无疾病的情况下产蛋率可高达75.4%,患病毒性传染病时产蛋率仅有29.8%;在日粮165g/d.次,饮水为510ml/d.只,饲养员责任心强的条件下产蛋率为79.5%,在限饲时产蛋率下降最多,仅有为60.4%。     

产蛋率突然下降的原因

饲料因素产蛋鸡群对饲料营养要求较高.若饲料出现问题,往往会导致产蛋量突然下降.饲料质量低劣、饲料严重霉变或者被污染,致使饲料适口性降低,使鸡采食量减少,且易导致肠胃疾病而使产蛋率突然下降.钙、磷比例不当,比例失调,影响蛋壳及蛋的形成.维生素或微量元素含量不足也是一个重要因素,如维生素D3、维生素E、微量元素Se和Mn的缺乏等.突然变更饲料,致使鸡体消化机能一时不能适应变化而发生消化不良.     

三氢吡啶对蛋鸡产蛋率的影响及其机理

300日龄罗螺蛋鸡768只,随机分为2组（每组设4个重复,每个重复96只）,在自由采食,饮水和光照16h的条件下,分别饲喂添加0（对照组）,150mg/kg二氢吡啶（试验组）的玉米-豆粕型日粮3周,结果表明;与对照组相比,二氢吡啶试验组产蛋率提高6.89%(P<0.01)。产蛋周期延长;血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性和三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）,促卵泡生成素（FSH）,促黄体生成素（LH）水平分别升高87.81%(P<0.01),48.62%(P<0.05),15.38%(P<0.05),55.09%(P<0.01)和22.54%(P<0.05)。血清尿酸含量下降20.72%(P<0.05),而血清甲状腺素（T4）,雌二醇（E2）和孕酮（P）水平均无显著差异（P>0.05);下丘脑,腺垂体中环腺苷酸（cAMP)含量分别升高21.30%(P<0.05）和22.22%(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,二氢吡啶能够提高机体内SOD活性和T3水平,增强腺垂体FSH和LH分泌,从而提高产蛋后期蛋鸡的产蛋率,延长产蛋周期。     

蛋鸡产蛋率影响因素及效益提高措施

蛋鸡产蛋率直接影响养殖户的经济效益,但是在养殖过程中,蛋鸡的生长环境、营养及疾病等都会影响产蛋率,要根据具体的原因针对性的采取措施,保证产蛋率,实现养殖户收入稳定的目标。该文深入研究了蛋鸡产蛋率的影响因素,提出了如何提高产蛋率、提高养殖户效益的具体实施措施。     

浅谈影响蛋鸡产蛋率下降的因素

在蛋鸡生产中,产蛋率下降常常制约着蛋鸡生产性能,给蛋鸡养殖带来极大的经济损失.然而影响蛋鸡产蛋率下降的因素非常复杂,涉及到蛋鸡养殖过程中的方方面面,本文就结合生产实际,浅析影响蛋鸡产蛋率下降的因素,以便在蛋鸡养殖中加强饲养管理,并搞好疾病的预防和治疗,提高蛋鸡养殖的经济效益.     

影响蛋鸡产蛋率的营养因素及调控措施

近年来,经济与科技的发展带动了我国蛋鸡养殖业的发展.出售鸡蛋是蛋鸡养殖场的全部经济来源,蛋鸡的产蛋率是衡量养殖场实现盈利的重要指标.影响蛋鸡产蛋率的因素有很多,只有保证这些因素向有利的方向发展,才能维持蛋鸡产蛋率的稳定.因此,我们必须对这些因素进行调整,保证蛋鸡产蛋率的稳定性.本文将对营养因素对蛋鸡产蛋率的影响进行分析,并探讨提高蛋鸡产蛋率的调控措施.     

蛋鸡产蛋率升不上去的原因与对策

养蛋鸡就怕养到开产后产蛋率上不去,产蛋不多。及时找出原因并进行改进,常可以很快提高产蛋率,得到应有的经济收入。蛋鸡产蛋率一般在２０周龄可达５％,到２２周龄达到８５％～９０％以上,并可保持２５周即１７５天的产蛋高峰。在此阶段产１ｋｇ蛋仅耗料２１～２４ｋｇ。为什么不按时开产或产蛋率总上不去,可从以下几方面找原因并研究改进。１　鸡群好才能有好的产蛋性能育成好的鸡群可以高产,育成期没饲养好则要采取措施补救。什么样的鸡群是好的育成鸡群？一要体重、体型达标,二要均匀度好。鸡的生长要有体重和体型生长双重标…     

低聚木糖对商品蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

将 12 6 0只新罗曼蛋鸡随机分为 7组 ,分别在其日粮中添加 0 .0 1% ,0 .0 15 % ,0 .0 2 % ,0 .0 2 5 %和 0 .0 3%的纯度为 35 %的低聚木糖 ,并设空白对照组以及 0 .1%果寡糖对照组。结果表明 :①日粮中添加 0 .0 15 %和 0 .0 2 %的低聚木糖可极显著提高蛋鸡日平均产蛋率、产蛋重、饲料转化率 (P <0 .0 1) ;②日粮中添加 0 .0 2 %的低聚木糖能极显著增加鸡蛋的蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳率 (P <0 .0 1) ,而对蛋形指数、蛋黄比色、蛋黄率和哈夫单位等没有显著性影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

单色光对产蛋鸡蛋品质的影响

试验采用红(660nm)、绿(560nm)、蓝(480nm)3种发光二极管(处理组)和白炽灯(400～700nm)(对照组),对180羽海兰褐蛋鸡进行人工光照,研究了单色光对蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋长径、短径和蛋壳质量的影响。试验期为19～52周,光强度均为15lx,光照时间为16h。结果表明:在整个试验期,白光组蛋重最高(61.1g),红光组最低(59.2g),二者之间差异显著(P<0.05);38～52周龄,蓝光组蛋长径显著小于其他组,而其短径显著(P<0.05)小于白光组,另外,红光组蛋短径极显著(P<0.01)小于其他组;19～37周龄,绿光组蛋形指数(1.303)显著大于其他组,而38～52周龄,红光组蛋形指数(1.343)极显著(P<0.01)大于其他组;21～45周龄,绿光组蛋壳强度(3.54kg/cm2)极显著(P<0.01)高于白光和蓝光组而绿光组蛋壳厚度(0.368mm)显著(P<0.05)大于其他组;蓝光组蛋壳颜色值(31.6)显著(P<0.05)小于白光组(33.1)。结果提示:蓝光使蛋长、径变短而红光使蛋短径变短,从而使蓝光和红光组蛋重随产蛋周龄而增长的趋势小于白光和绿光组。单色光可影响蛋壳质量,其中绿光组的蛋壳质量最好。     

木醋液对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨木醋液对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。将192只219日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成A、B、C、D 4组,分别饲喂添加0%、0.5%、0.75%、1.0%木醋液的饲料,日饲喂量为124 g。每组设3次重复,每重复16只,试验期80 d。结果表明,添加0.5%、0.75%木醋液处理组产蛋量、产蛋率、蛋白质及钙含量比对照组均有不同程度的提高,且胆固醇含量明显降低。添加1.0%木醋液处理组产蛋量、产蛋率比对照组有所下降。试验结果证实,蛋鸡饲料中添加适量木醋液具有提高蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的作用。     

卵黄性腹膜炎、鸡白血病对种鸡死亡率、产蛋率影响的初步调查

为了探讨卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对种鸡死亡率和产蛋率的影响,在2016年1月至2017年4月中旬,对江苏省常州市某种鸡场岭南黄鸡、花鸡（金茅花鸡）、草鸡（金茅草鸡）、黄脚麻鸡4个品种鸡的发病及死亡情况进行临床症状观察及病理剖解;同时记录鸡场每日的鸡死亡数、产蛋数、每日免疫和用药情况,分析不同时期的死亡率和产蛋率,比较不同品种鸡的产蛋率及产蛋高峰期产蛋率与正常蛋鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率（参考值80%）之间的差异。从死亡鸡的剖解结果来看,腹腔内卵黄凝固黏连在肠道上,输卵管肿大,充满白色或淡黄色干酪样物,初步诊断为卵黄性腹膜炎;肝脏和脾脏肿大,肠系膜或胸壁有肿瘤状物体,初步诊断为鸡白血病。岭南黄鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著高于产蛋上升期和高峰期（P<0.01）,黄脚麻鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著低于产蛋高峰期（P<0.01）;花鸡、草鸡、黄脚麻鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率平均值均低于60%,与参考值（80%）差异极显著（P<0.01）。综合试验结果,卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对鸡场影响严重,导致鸡死亡率上升,产蛋率下降;抗应激药和营养药可以起到缓解预防的作用,但无法根治,尚无有效的治疗方法。     

加藤菌对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

本试验选择健康无病,产蛋性能稳定的５４周龄尼克红商品蛋鸡２８８只,随机等分为２组,每组设３个重复,每重复４８只,对照组喂以普通日粮,试验组在普通日粮基础上添加０．１％加藤菌,相同环境条件下饲养５７ｄ。结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组产蛋率提高５．８７％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,产蛋量提高５．６８％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,鸡蛋中硒含量增加２６．６７％（Ｐ〈０．０２）,铁含量增加２０．４５％（Ｐ〈０．１２）,锌含量增     

营养元素对散养柴蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋品质、血液生化指标及蛋中某些矿物质元素含量的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲料营养对柴蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋品质、血液生化指标和蛋中某些矿物质元素含量的影响。从北京市昌平区(韩台、黑山寨、泰陵鸡场)及顺义区(都市农庄(简称都市)、梨园鸡场)5个柴蛋鸡散养场各选择100只日龄和体重基本一致的产蛋鸡,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组设5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组以玉米为主要日粮,试验组在以玉米为主要日粮中添加适量的微量元素、维生素等营养元素。试验期52 d。结果表明,不同散养鸡场中试验组柴蛋鸡的产蛋率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);韩台、都市、泰陵和梨园鸡场试验组鸡蛋的蛋重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),梨园鸡场对照组鸡蛋的蛋白高度显著高于试验组(P<0.05),都市和梨园鸡场试验组鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、平均蛋壳强度各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);黑山寨鸡场试验组柴蛋鸡血浆中总蛋白、甘油三酯含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);韩台和都市鸡场试验组鸡蛋中钙含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),都市鸡场试验组鸡蛋中铜、镁及韩台鸡场试验组鸡蛋中锰、铁含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),黑山寨鸡场试验组鸡蛋中镁含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加适量的营养元素可明显提高柴蛋鸡的产蛋率及鸡蛋中钙、锌和镁等矿物质元素的含量,提高柴蛋鸡血液总蛋白、胆固醇和甘油三酯含量,显著改善柴蛋鸡的营养状况。     

Effect of Nutrients on Laying Rate,Egg Quality,Blood Biochemical Indices and Certain Mineral Elements of Laying Hens under Free Range System

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrients on laying rate, egg quality, blood biochemical indices and certain mineral elements of laying hens under free range system.100 laying hens with similar age and weight were respectively selected from each farm, Hantai, Heishanzhai, Tailing in Changping and Doushi, Liyuan in Shunyi poultry farm, and randomly allotted to 2 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 hens per replicate.The control group was fed with corn as the main diet and test group was fed with corn as the main diet supplemented with appropriate of trace elements, vitamins and other nutrients.The trial lasted for 52 days.The results showed that the laying rate of test group was significantly higher than that of control group in different farm (P<0.05).The egg weight of test group was significantly higher than that of control group in Hantai, Doushi, Tailing and Liyuan (P<0.05).The protein height of control group was significantly higher than that of test group in Liyuan (P<0.05).The yolk color of test group was significantly higher than that of control group in Doushi and Liyuan (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the egg index, shell thickness and average shell strength among all groups (P>0.05).The plasma contents of TP and TG of test group was significantly higher than that of control group in Heishanzhai (P<0.05).The content of Ca in egg of test group was significantly higher than that of control group in Hantai and Doushi (P<0.05), the contents of Cu and Mg of egg in Doushi and the contents of Mn and Fe of egg in Hantai of test group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), the content of Mg in egg of test group was significantly higher than that of control group in Heishanzhai (P<0.05).In conclusion, adding appropriate level of nutrients could improve the laying rate and the contents of Ca, Zn, Mg and other minerals in egg, increase the plasma contents of TP, TG and CHO, and significantly improve the nutritional status of laying hens.     

Effect of Monochromatic Light on the Egg Quality of Laying Hens

The chicken eye can discriminate light color, and different light wavelengths affect egg quality. In this study, we used blue (B), green (G), and red (R) light produced by light-emitting diode lamps, as well as incandescent light (W) to illuminate Hy-Line Brown hens from 19 to 52 wk. All light sources were equalized to a light intensity of 15 lx and applied for 16 h daily. The results showed that egg weight in W light (61.1 g) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than those in R light (59.2 g) throughout the experimental stage. Beginning at the age of 30 wk, egg weight in R light was consistently smaller than those in other lights. The egg length in B light was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter than those in other lights, and its width was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter than those in W light from 38 to 52 wk. The egg width in R light was significantly (P < 0.01) shorter than those in W light and to a lesser extent (P < 0.05) shorter than those in B and G lights from 19 to 52 wk. Similarly, eggshell strength in G light was significantly (P < 0.01) better than those in W and B lights, and eggshell thickness in G light was significantly (P < 0.05) better than those in other lights from 21 to 45 wk. Our results indicate that egg weight in R light was less than those in other lights, the egg length and egg width in B light became shorter, and the egg width in R light became shorter with age; the egg quality in G light was found to be the best.     

单色光对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响

本试验分别采用红(660 nm)、绿(560 nm)、蓝(480 nm)3种发光二级管(处理组)和白炽灯(400~770 nm)(对照组),对180羽海兰褐蛋鸡进行人工照明,每组45羽,光强度均为15 lx,光照时间为16 h,试验期为19~52周龄。结果表明:19~36周龄,蓝光组产蛋率(86.8±0.5)%显著高于其它光照组(P<0.05),其日产蛋量最高(47.7±0.34)g,料蛋比(2.75±0.07)最低,后两者与红光和绿光组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。37~52周龄,红光组产蛋率显著高于蓝光和绿光组(P<0.05),白光组日产蛋量(59.0±0.74)g显著高于其它组(P<0.05),其料蛋比(2.1±0.04)最低。19~36周龄,各组破蛋率之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但白光组软蛋率(1.3±0.3)%显著低于其它组(P<0.05)。在37~52周龄,各组破蛋率和软蛋率之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:在15 lx光强度下,试验前期(19~36周龄)选用蓝光照明,后期(37~52周龄)改为白炽灯,可以显著提高产蛋量和饲料转换率。     

汞对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮汞污染对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清抗氧化指标的影响以及汞在鸡蛋中的残留情况.选取40周龄巴布考克B300褐壳蛋鸡192羽,随机分成4组:对照组、试验1(T1)组、试验2(T2)组、试验3(T3)组,每组3个重复,每个重复16羽.分别饲喂基础饲粮(汞含量为21.56μg/kg)、基础饲粮+1 mg/kg...