Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白对淡足侧沟茧蜂生长发育的影响

以黏虫［〖WTBX〗Mythimna separata〖WTBZ〗 (Walker)］为寄主,研究了亚致死浓度的Bt杀虫蛋白Cry1Ab对淡足侧沟茧蜂［〖WTBX〗Microplitis pallidipes 〖WTBZ〗(Szepligeti)］生长发育的影响。结果表明,当寄主从淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生后开始取食含Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白浓度为1、2、4 μg/g和 8 μg/g的饲料时,淡足侧沟茧蜂卵 幼虫发育历期比以对照黏虫为寄主的显著延长,茧（蛹）重和成虫体重显著下降,但对茧历期及成虫寿命没有显著影响。淡足侧沟茧蜂的卵 幼虫发育历期随着寄主取食Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白浓度的增加而显著延长,茧重和成虫体重则随Bt蛋白浓度的上升而显著下降。因此,尽管Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白对淡足侧沟茧蜂的生长发育具有一定程度的负面影响,但其仍可以在取食Bt毒蛋白的黏虫上完成整个世代发育。     

不同条件下转cry1Ab基因玉米植株残体中杀虫蛋白降解动态

为明确转cry1Ab基因玉米植株残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白在不同条件下的降解动态,选取转cry1Ab基因玉米MON810和Bt11,采用ELISA方法测定4种条件下秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的残留量。结果表明,在不同条件、不同取样时间,2种玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的残留量差异显著;整株秸秆中的Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度比粉碎后的慢;秸秆粉碎埋入土壤后播种冬小麦,玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度最快,且可完全降解;在不同条件下,MON810玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度比Bt11玉米慢,MON810和Bt11玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的DT50分别为10.2~207.8、13.6~124.0 d,DT90分别为185.1~368.3、45.2~224.0 d。研究表明,在不同条件下MON810和Bt11玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度不同,依次为秸秆粉碎后埋在土壤后种植冬小麦秸秆粉碎埋在玉米田土壤中秸秆粉碎后放在地表整株秸秆放在地表。     

不同Bt杀虫蛋白通过食物链对大草蛉的影响

为了明确目前转基因抗虫植物中表达的Bt蛋白对农田重要捕食性天敌大草蛉的生态安全性,采用三级营养食物链评价体系,分别以对供试Bt蛋白Cry1Ac、Cry1F和Cry2Ab具有抗性的靶标害虫或不敏感的非靶标害虫作为大草蛉的猎物,研究了供试3种蛋白对大草蛉的影响。结果表明,当大草蛉以抗性棉铃虫（抗Cry1Ac或Cry2Ab）或抗性玉米螟（抗Cry1F）为猎物时,供试3种Bt蛋白通过食物链对大草蛉幼虫（4龄幼虫重量和幼虫发育至蛹历期）、蛹（化蛹率、蛹重和蛹发育历期）及成虫（羽化率、雌虫重量、雄虫重量和单雌产卵量）的生长发育及产卵量均无显著影响;同样地,当大草蛉以对3种Bt蛋白不敏感的非靶标昆虫——绿盲蝽作为猎物时,通过食物链传递的Bt蛋白对大草蛉生长发育及繁殖也无显著影响。因此,目前转基因棉花、玉米或水稻中广泛表达的Cry1Ac、Cry1F和Cry2Ab蛋白,通过三级营养食物链,对大草蛉生长发育及繁殖均无潜在毒性。     

Engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as sprayable pesticides for many decades. Bt strains utilized in these products produce multiple insecticidal proteins to complement a narrow insect specificity of each protein. In the late 1990s, genes encoding Bt insecticidal proteins were expressed in crop plants such as cotton and corn to protect these crops from insect damage. The first Bt protein used in transgenic cotton was Cry1Ac to control Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm). Cry1Ab was applied to corn to control Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer). Since these insects have developed resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab, new Bt proteins are required to overcome the resistance. In order to protect corn furthermore, it is desired to control Diabrotica virgifera (Western corn rootworm), Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm). Recently, many new Bt insecticidal proteins have been discovered, but most of them require protein engineering to meet the high activity standard for commercialization. The engineering process for higher activity necessary for Bt crops is called optimization. The seed industry has been optimizing Bt insecticidal proteins to improve their insecticidal activity. In this review, several optimization projects, which have led to substantial activity increases of Bt insecticidal proteins, are described.     

四种Bt毒素蛋白对二点委夜蛾幼虫毒力测定及中肠组织病理学变化

为更好地了解苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis毒素蛋白对二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone的毒力以及作用机理,通过饲喂含有Cry1Ac、Cry1Ab、Cry2Ab和Vip3Aa四种不同Bt毒素蛋白饲料,测定Bt毒素蛋白对二点委夜蛾幼虫的毒力,并观察取食4种毒素蛋白后幼虫中肠组织的病理学变化。结果显示,二点委夜蛾幼虫取食毒素蛋白后72 h,Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac毒素蛋白对二点委夜蛾幼虫的杀虫活性较高,校正死亡率为84.7%和76.4%;Vip3Aa和Cry2Ab毒素蛋白的毒力较弱。二点委夜蛾幼虫取食4种Bt毒素蛋白后,中肠柱状细胞微绒毛脱落,杂乱地分散在肠腔内,杯状细胞变形和腔内微绒毛脱落,线粒体和内质网等变形破裂,细胞核的核膜消失、核质凝聚和形状发生变化,经Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac毒素蛋白处理后中肠细胞的病变症状和速度明显高于Cry2Ab和Vip3Aa毒素蛋白处理。表明Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac毒素蛋白对二点委夜蛾幼虫杀虫活性较高,显著高于Cry2Ab和Vip3Aa毒素蛋白,且对其中肠细胞的破坏作用也较强。     

转Bt cry1Ab基因水稻花粉对中华 草蛉成虫产卵和寿命的影响

用ELISA法测定了转Bt基因水稻克螟稻1号(KMD1)和克螟稻2号(KMD2)花粉中Cry1Ab含量.将转Bt基因水稻和其亲本对照秀水11(XS11)花粉加入到草蛉人工干粉饲料中,评价了对中华草蛉Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder成虫产卵和寿命等参数的影响.结果显示,转Bt基因水稻"克螟稻"花粉中表达cry1Ab杀虫蛋白,且表达量较高.分别用含5%KMD1、KMD2和XS11花粉的人工饲料饲喂中华草蛉初羽化成虫,发现两类Bt水稻花粉对该虫产卵前期、产卵量、产卵天数和成虫寿命等参数均无显著影响.人工饲料中水稻花粉的比例上升至20%和80%后,KMD1、KMD2和XS11花粉饲料处理中的草蛉均出现产卵前期延长、产卵量减少和产卵天数缩短的趋势,但在同一花粉比例下这些参数在3个花粉饲料处理间均无显著差异.结果表明,Bt水稻花粉中cry1Ab杀虫蛋白对该草蛉成虫产卵和寿命等参数无显著的负面影响.     

对绿盲蝽具有杀虫活性Bt菌株的筛选及Cry15Aa蛋白活性的研究

Bt棉有效控制了棉田主要害虫棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera),然而原来处于次要地位的刺吸式口器害虫盲蝽(Heteroptera:Miridae)为害逐年加重,目前对绿盲蝽(Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür)有效的抗虫基因未见报道。本研究以本实验室保存的Bt杀虫基因和菌株为材料,对绿盲蝽进行杀虫活性筛选。利用本实验室先前克隆的Mtx类杀虫基因cry15Aa表达产物进行绿盲蝽杀虫活性测定,研究结果显示Cry15Aa蛋白对绿盲蝽具有一定的杀虫活性。通过杀虫活性测定,获得对绿盲蝽有效的Bt菌株20株;对这些菌株表达蛋白进行质谱鉴定,LC-MS/MS质谱鉴定结果显示,这些菌株可能含有Cry1Aa、Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Ae、Cry1Af、Cry1Ag、Cry1Ah、Cry1Ba、Cry1Be、Cry8Ha等十余种对鳞翅目、鞘翅目害虫有杀虫活性的蛋白片段,并且有4株Bt菌株样品中检出了Mtx类杀虫蛋白Cry15Aa的片段。但是进一步基因鉴定结果表明,这4株菌株并不含有cry15Aa全长基因,推测这些菌株中含有Cry15类的新基因。上述研究结果表明这些菌株中可能存在对盲蝽有效的新型杀虫蛋白。本研究在发现了cry15Aa基因所表达的蛋白对绿盲蝽具有杀虫活性的同时,获得了对绿盲蝽具有杀虫活性的Bt新菌株,对绿盲蝽的生物防治具有重要的意义。     

Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab蛋白对大草蛉生长发育及酶活力的影响

为明确转Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab基因棉花对大草蛉的影响,运用Bt蛋白与人工饲料混合的方法,以大于转基因棉花叶片中蛋白含量20倍的剂量饲喂大草蛉初孵幼虫,初步研究了Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab对大草蛉生物学参数和消化酶、解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明：取食含Bt蛋白饲料的大草蛉幼虫的发育历期、体重、蛹重、成虫体重、羽化率等生物学参数与对照相比均没有显著差异;在大草蛉幼虫体内可以检测到含量较高的Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab蛋白,分别为974.92~1 282.39 ng/g鲜重和5 592.62~6 082.92 ng/g鲜重,而在大草蛉成虫体内检测到的Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab蛋白含量非常低,分别为0.29~0.39 ng/g鲜重和50.34~56.71 ng/g鲜重;取食含Bt蛋白的饲料对大草蛉幼虫的类胰蛋白酶、类胰凝乳蛋白酶、氨肽酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性有一定的影响,但对大草蛉成虫影响与对照差异不显著。表明大草蛉取食含Bt蛋白的人工饲料后,虽然体内可以检测到一定含量的Bt蛋白,但对大草蛉的生长发育并没有显著的直接不利影响。     

国产Bt-Cry1Ab和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米对草地贪夜蛾的抗性测定

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是世界性重大农业害虫。种植转基因Bt作物是主要的防治手段之一。我们利用室内生物测定方法评价了国产Bt-Cry1Ab玉米(转化体C0030.3.5)和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米(转化体DBN3601和DBN3608)对草地贪夜蛾1~4龄幼虫的毒力。结果显示,供试两种转基因玉米共6个品种皆可高效表达目标杀虫蛋白并对草地贪夜蛾具有很强的毒杀作用,对1龄幼虫的致死率达到59%~100%,存活幼虫的生长发育亦受到显著抑制。表明国内研发的Bt-Cry1Ab玉米和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米对草地贪夜蛾具有良好的控制效果,其中Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米的防治效果显著优于Bt-Cry1Ab玉米,两种转基因玉米皆具有较好的商业化应用前景。     

转Bt 基因抗虫玉米对棉铃虫杀虫活性的初步评价

国内外在转 Bt基因抗虫作物的研究和应用上已取得重大进展 ,其中 Bt抗虫棉已在美国、澳大利亚、中国等进入商品化应用阶段 ,近年来种植面积增长很快 ,并取得了显著的经济、生态和社会效益。 1 997年下半年 ,我国农业部分别批准了孟山都公司申报的保铃棉○R在河北省商业化生产和 Bt玉米在我国多省份的田间种植。其中保铃棉 ○R已由河北省定名为新棉 33B,1 998年在全省实际种植了近 1 0万 hm2 ,1 999年的种植面积已达 1 5万 hm2 。我国自主研制的 Bt抗虫棉也于 1 998年开始商品化应用 ,当年种植面积即达 1 0万 hm2以上 ,1 999年推广总面积…     

Prohibitin,an essential protein for Colorado potato beetle larval viability,is relevant to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxicity

Bacillus thuringienesis (Bt) Cry toxins constitute the most extensively used environmentally safe biopesticide and their mode of action relies on the interaction of the toxins with membrane proteins in the midgut of susceptible insects that mediate toxicity and insect specificity. Therefore, identification of Bt Cry toxin interacting proteins in the midgut of target insects and understanding their role in toxicity is of great interest to exploit their insecticidal action. Using ligand blot, we demonstrated that Bt Cry3Aa toxin bound to a 30 kDa protein in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval midgut membrane, identified by sequence homology as prohibitin-1 protein. Prohibitins comprise a highly conserved family of proteins implicated in important cellular processes. We obtained the complete CPB prohibitin-1 DNA coding sequence of 828 pb, in silico translated into a 276-amino acid protein. The analysis at the amino acid level showed that the protein contains a prohibitin-homology domain (Band7_prohibitin, cd03401) conserved among prohibitin proteins. A striking feature of the CPB identified prohibitin-1 is the predicted presence of cadherin elements, potential binding sites for Cry toxins described in other Bt susceptible insects. We also showed that CPB prohibitin-1 protein partitioned into both, detergent soluble and insoluble membrane fractions, as well as a prohibitin-2 homologous protein, previously reported to form functional complexes with prohibitin-1 in other organisms. Prohibitin complexes act as membrane scaffolds ensuring the recruitment of membrane proteases to facilitate substrate processing. Accordingly, sequestration of prohibitin-1 by an anti-prohibitin-1 antibody impaired the Cry3Aa toxin inhibition of the proteolytic cleavage of a fluorogenic synthetic substrate of an ADAM-like metalloprotease previously reported to proteolize this toxin. In this work, we also demonstrated that prohibitin-1 RNAi silencing in CPB larvae produced deleterious effects and together with a LD50 Cry3Aa toxin treatment resulted in a highly efficient short term response since 100% larval mortality was achieved just 5 days after toxin challenge. Therefore, the combination of prohibitin RNAi and Cry toxin reveals as an effective strategy to improve crop protection.     

钙粘蛋白片段与苏云金杆菌晶体毒素协同作用研究进展

从钙粘蛋白介导苏云金杆菌晶体(Bt Cry)毒素对害虫的毒杀过程、钙粘蛋白重复区和近膜区与Bt Cry毒素的分子间作用涉及的结合位点及可能的互作机制等方面,综述了钙粘蛋白片段与Bt Cry毒素协同作用的最新研究进展。昆虫钙粘蛋白某些片段在非折叠状态时,可与Bt Cry毒素形成寡聚体,从而增加Bt Cry毒素对靶标害虫的毒杀活性。相关研究成果有助于提高Bt Cry毒素毒杀害虫的能力,克服害虫抗药性,具有一定的应用前景。     

二化螟Cry1Ac汰选品系对不同Bt蛋白的敏感性

为明确靶标害虫对Bt蛋白的抗性及对不同类型Bt蛋白的交互抗性,采用生物测定法进行了二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)敏感品系和Cry1Ac汰选品系在Cry1Ac毒饲料上的时间-死亡率反应、对不同Bt杀虫蛋白的敏感性及不同Bt蛋白复配组合对二化螟毒力效果的研究。结果表明,二化螟Cry1Ac汰选品系已对36.67μg/mL(LC_(50))的Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白产生了一定的适应性,但对308.69μg/mL(LC90)的Cry1Ac蛋白反应仍较敏感。Cry1Ac敏感品系和汰选品系对Cry1Ab蛋白的LC_(50)分别为1.40μg/mL和3.86μg/mL,二者差异显著,但对Cry1Ca(1.63μg/mL和1.73μg/mL)或Cry2Aa(127.48μg/mL和144.50μg/mL)的LC_(50)差异不显著,即Cry1Ac汰选品系与Cry1Ab存在明显的交互抗性,但与Cry1Ca和Cry2Aa不存在交互抗性。在不同Bt蛋白复配组合中(1∶1复配),Cry1Ab+Cry1Ca、Cry1Ab+Cry2Aa和Cry1Ca+Cry2Aa增效作用最为显著。表明抗虫基因cry1Ca和cry2Aa可作为双价转基因抗虫水稻研发的候选基因。     

入侵云南草地贪夜蛾种群对5种常用Bt蛋白的敏感性评价

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是原分布于美洲大陆热带和亚热带地区的一种重要玉米害虫。在当地,种植抗虫转基因玉米是防控草地贪夜蛾危害的主要手段。该虫于2019年1月入侵我国云南省,为明确入侵我国云南的草地贪夜蛾种群对常用Bt蛋白的敏感性水平,本文通过饲料表面涂抹法测定了瑞丽草地贪夜蛾幼虫对Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry2Ab以及Vip3A等5种Bt蛋白的敏感性。结果表明:几种常用Bt蛋白对瑞丽草地贪夜蛾致死作用顺序为Vip3A>Cry1Ab>Cry1F>Cry2Ab>Cry1Ac,对草地贪夜蛾抑制生长发育的顺序为Cry1Ab>Cry1F>Vip3A>Cry1Ac>Cry2Ab。此外,与美国相对敏感种群比较,云南瑞丽草地贪夜蛾种群对Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry2Ab和Vip3A的敏感性指标在0.28～3.76之间,表明该入侵种群对此5种Bt蛋白均未产生抗性。此研究可为将来建立以转Bt基因玉米作为防控草地贪夜蛾的技术体系提供依据。     

Interaction of Cry1Ac toxin (Bacillus thuringiensis) and proteinase inhibitors on the growth, development, and midgut proteinase activities of the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea

Potential resistance development to Bt cotton in certain lepidopterans has prompted research to develop strategies that will preserve this environmental-friendly biotechnology. Proteinase inhibitors are potential candidates for enhancing Bt toxicity against lepidopteran pests and for expanding the spectrum of control for other insects. Interactions of Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis and proteinase inhibitors were investigated by monitoring growth, development, and gut proteinase activities of the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea. Several proteinase inhibitors were combined with Bt protoxin Cry1Ac in artificial diet and fed to newly molted 3rd-instar bollworm larvae to determine effects on larval body weight and length, pupation progress, and mortality rate. Major midgut proteinase activities, including caseinase, tryptic, and chymotrypsin activities, were examined after treatment. A concentration of Bt at a level causing minimal mortality (<10%), was mixed with the following proteinase inhibitors: benzamidine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and N-α-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK). When compared with controls, the synergistic effect of Bt toxin and proteinase inhibitors caused significant decreases in mean larval weight and length over time. Midgut samples tested against the substrates azocasein, α-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BApNA), and N-succinyl-alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide (SAAPFpNA) showed significant decreases in the protease activity of larvae fed Bt plus inhibitor versus control. Interaction of Bt and proteinase inhibitors significantly retarded larval growth and resulted in developmental delay and up to 20% mortality.     

对暗黑鳃金龟成虫具有杀虫活性的Bt蛋白筛选

暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela是一种重要的农业害虫,其成虫和幼虫均能对多种作物造成严重危害。为筛选对暗黑鳃金龟成虫具有毒杀活性的Bt蛋白,本研究首先对暗黑鳃金龟成虫的生活习性进行观察,用浸泡蛋白的榆树叶饲喂成虫,建立了Bt蛋白对暗黑鳃金龟成虫的生物学活性测定方法;制备了6种Bt Cry8类杀虫晶体全长蛋白和胰蛋白酶消化蛋白,对暗黑鳃金龟成虫进行了杀虫活性测定。初筛结果发现Cry8Ga1原毒素和消化蛋白均对暗黑鳃金龟成虫具有较高毒杀活性,其在浓度1.0 mg/mL时对暗黑鳃金龟成虫的7 d校正死亡率分别为100%和55%。为更进一步确定Cry8Ga1蛋白的杀虫活性,进行了致死中浓度测定,7 d生测结果显示,Cry8Ga1原毒素的LC₅₀为0.387 mg/mL （95%置信区间为0.108~0.746 mg/mL）,Cry8Ga1蛋白经胰蛋白酶消化后的LC₅₀为0.702 mg/mL （95%置信区间为0.150~2.664 mg/mL）。取食Cry8Ga1原毒素蛋白及其消化蛋白后的暗黑鳃金龟成虫中肠细胞产生显著的病理学变化。本研究筛选到对暗黑鳃金龟成虫有毒杀作用的Bt蛋白,研究结果将为金龟子的生物防治开辟新的途径。     

Marker‐free,tissue‐specific expression of Cry1Ab as a safe transgenic strategy for insect resistance in rice plants

BACKGROUND: Rice is the major food resource for nearly half of the global population; however, insect infestation could severely affect the production of this staple food. To improve rice insect resistance and reduce the levels of Bt toxin released into the environment, the Cry1Ab gene was conjugated to the rice rbcS promoter to express Bt toxin in specific tissues of transgenic plants. RESULTS: Eight marker‐free, T₂ lines were separated from the T₀ cotransformants. Using RT‐PCR, high levels of Cry1Ab expression were detected in the leaf but not in the seed. The Cry1Ab protein level ranged from 1.66 to 3.31 µg g^?1 in the leaves of four transgenic lines, but was barely detectable in their seeds by ELISA. Bioassays showed that the mortality rate of silkworm larvae feeding on mulberry leaves dipped in transgenic rice flour and pollen was less than that of the positive control (KMD), and that their average weight was higher than that of KMD, suggesting that the Cry1Ab protein was not expressed in the seed and pollen. CONCLUSION: The transgene conferred a high level of resistance to insects and biosafety to the rice plants, which could be directly used in rice breeding. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

草地贪夜蛾对国产Bt玉米的抗性风险评估

为评估草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对国产Bt玉米的抗性风险,基于抗性风险分析模型对草地贪夜蛾在3种Bt玉米和2种庇护所条件下的抗性时间进行预测分析。结果显示,无论是采用种子混合庇护所还是结构化庇护所,草地贪夜蛾对Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa-玉米的抗性时间均远长于对Vip3Aa-玉米和Cry1Ab-玉米的抗性时间。在Bt与非Bt植株之间存在异花授粉和幼虫转移的条件下,采用种子混合庇护所的抗性时间较采用结构化庇护所的抗性时间大大缩短。以采用Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa-玉米和比例为0.20的庇护所为例,当异花授粉Bt显性度为0.5、幼虫转移概率为0.95时,采用结构化庇护所的抗性时间超过200代,而采用种子混合庇护所的抗性时间只有59代。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾对Cry1Ab-玉米的抗性风险远大于对Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa-玉米的抗性风险,而种子混合庇护所条件下的抗性风险远大于结构化庇护所条件下的抗性风险。     

Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白对甜菜夜蛾飞行能力的影响

转Bt基因作物上害虫取食Bt杀虫蛋白后存活并羽化的成虫飞行能力对于其飞离Bt作物,寻找庇护所中敏感个体进行交配、产卵,从而稀释抗性基因频率,实现“高剂量/庇护所”抗性治理策略具有重要意义。本文对取食含不同浓度Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白人工饲料的初羽化（未取食补充营养）甜菜夜蛾飞行能力进行了测试,结果表明,幼虫取食含25、50、100 μg/g和200 μg/g Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白人工饲料存活并羽化的成虫飞行距离、飞行速度和飞行时间均差异显著（p<0.05）。取食含较低浓度Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白（25 μg/g和50 μg/g）的人工饲料有促进成虫飞行的倾向,尽管与取食不含Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白的对照相比,成虫飞行距离、飞行速度和飞行时间均未达到显著增加的水平,但强飞行个体比例明显增加。随着饲料中Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白浓度的升高,羽化的成虫飞行能力显著下降。雄蛾飞行能力下降的程度比雌蛾更加明显。这些数据为转Bt基因作物上迁飞性害虫的种群动态规律及其潜在的抗性治理策略提供了科学依据。     

Increased toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa against Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata,Phaedon brassicae and Colaphellus bowringi by a Tenebrio molitor cadherin fragment

BACKGROUND: Biopesticides containing Cry insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are effective against many lepidopteran pests, but there is a lack of Bt‐based pesticides for efficient control of important coleopteran pests. Based on the reported increase in Bt toxin oligomerization by a polypeptide from the Cry3Aa receptor cadherin in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), it was hypothesized that this cadherin peptide, rTmCad1p, would enhance Cry3Aa toxicity towards coleopteran larvae. To test this hypothesis, the relative toxicity of Cry3Aa, with or without rTmCad1p, against damaging chrysomelid vegetable pests of China was evaluated. RESULTS: Cry3Aa toxicity was evaluated in the spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata), cabbage leaf beetle (Colaphellus bowringi) and daikon leaf beetle (Phaedon brassicae). To assess the effect of rTmCad1p on Cry3Aa toxicity, neonate larvae were fed Cry3Aa toxin alone or in combination with increasing amounts of rTmCad1p. The data demonstrated that Cry3Aa toxicity was significantly increased in all three vegetable pests, resulting in as much as a 15.3‐fold increase in larval mortality. CONCLUSION: The application of rTmCad1p to enhance Cry3Aa insecticidal activity has potential for use in increasing range and activity levels against coleopteran pests displaying low susceptibility to Bt‐based biopesticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry