茧丝内部超微空泡的电镜观察

据样地调查，该２５个生杉木人工林群落的植物有４７科８４属１２０种，群落的外貌特征以包括藤本在内的高伴芽占绝结优势，叶特片以革质、单叶、中小型叶为主。由于该群落的幼树层以米槠和木荷等占优势，若让其自然发展或杉木林采伐后为炼山，并排除其它人为干扰，该群落将向常阔叶林采伐前的群落类型相似方法的演替。     

不同日龄兔肠道正常菌群的研究

用稀释滴种的方法对３个不同生长阶段（未哺乳、哺乳、断乳）的比利时家兔大、小肠部位正常菌群进行了研究。结果表明，肠道中以消化球菌、梭杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等厌氧菌占绝对优势。断乳兔与哺乳免正常菌群比较，大、小肠部位的韦荣氏球菌、小肠部位的肠杆茵差别极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；大肠部位的优杆菌、双歧杆菌、类杆菌、肠杆菌差别显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；其余菌差别不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

断奶仔猪胃肠道正常菌群的数量和分区

采用需氧、厌氧微生物学方法，对2头健康断奶仔猪胃、十二指肠、盲肠、回肠、直肠内容物中总菌落的数量和分区进行了研究。结果表明：健康仔猪消化道内总菌数为10．28，占优势的菌群分别为双歧杆菌10．22、小梭菌8．95、乳杆菌8．90、肠杆菌8．57、肠球菌8．37；不同部位总菌数差异不显著，十二指肠相对略高于其他部位；优势菌群随着不同部位变化有所差异。     

腹泻家兔肠道菌群变化及其与粪便乳酸含量的关系

本文运用微生物学原理和方法，定量检测了健康家兔与腹泻家兔肠道菌群变化及其粪便乳酸含量。结果表明，腹泻家兔肠道产乳酸菌和粪便乳酸含量比健康家兔显著升高。     

兔群暴发混合型腹泻病的调查报告

兔群暴发混合型腹泻病的调查报告浙江安吉县农业局３１３３００傅德才凤凰山实验兔场，是生产无病毒性出血症抗体兔的商品兔场，有种母兔１３５只，种公兔２３只，１９９３年４月１４日突然发生兔腹泻病，历时４７天，死亡种兔５８，现报告如下：一、发病时情况该场精饲料...     

仔兔腹泻生物学防治黑箱试验

仔兔腹泻生物学防治黑箱试验王耀武（山东鲁威畜牧有限公司２７７１１７）陈继明龚晓明（南京农业大学动物医学院）哺乳后期仔兔腹泻发病率高且发病急，不易控制，常引起死亡，是养兔业的一大难题。根据微生态平衡原理，我们试图运用兔体内正常菌群来防治仔兔腹泻，结果发...     

健康兔与病态兔的识别十法

在养兔生产中,要想识别家兔是否患病与健康,首先要对家兔的正常生理状态与不正常的生理状态有一个比较全面的了解和认识.这样才能把处于非正常生理状态的病兔及时挑选出来,采取相应的措施,予以治疗,使兔群转危为安.在生产实践中我们识别的方法主要有以下几点:     

小型猪肠道正常菌群的研究

本实验用稀释滴种的细菌定量方法对饲养在相同环境中的三种猪(小型猪、北京黑猪、两者杂交一代猪)四个年龄(2、4、6、8月龄)、四个部位(空脑中部、回肠、盲肠、结肠中部)和九种细菌(大肠杆菌、肠球菌、真杆菌、拟杆茵、分叉杆菌、小棱菌、韦荣氏小球菌、消化球菌、乳酸杆菌)进行了定量分析。对结果进行了统计学处理,得到了小型猪正常肠菌群的一些生理值;并认为2月龄后猪肠道乳酸杆菌、消化球菌、韦荣氏小球菌占优势;三种猪2、4、6、8月龄间正常肠菌群无显著性差异;种群间肠菌群无差异。     

异麦芽低聚糖对早期断奶仔猪肠道主要菌群的影响

选择28日龄断奶仔猪54头 ,随机分为9组 ,分别施以3种不同日粮 ,每种日粮处理组分3个重复。3组日粮分别为添加0.50 %异麦芽低聚糖(IMO组)、110mg/kg 阿散酸(抗生素组)和空白对照组。各组基础日粮相同。分别于35和42日龄从各组选3头仔猪屠宰 ,以测定盲肠、结肠主要菌群(大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌)浓度。试验结果表明 ,添加IMO组盲肠、结肠大肠杆菌浓度显著(P<0.05)低于对照组 ,而乳酸杆菌浓度显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05) ,双歧杆菌浓度高于对照组 ,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加抗生素组盲肠大肠杆菌浓度显著(P<0.05)低于对照组 ,乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌浓度低于或显著(P<0.05)低于I MO组和对照组     

断奶日龄对仔猪肠道黏膜水解酶及其上皮间淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数的影响

本研究选用了12窝0～56天仔猪,随机等分成17、21、28、35天断奶4个处理组(处理1、2、3和4),每处理3个重复,每重复1窝仔猪。试验期间,实行三阶段饲养,7天开始补饲,7～28、29～42、42～56天分别采食日粮I、II、III。处理1、2、3、4分别于18、22、28、36,22、28、36、43,28、36、43、50和18、22、28、36、43、50天剖杀,每次每个重复1头,共计54头。剖杀取得的十二指肠、空肠前段、空肠后段和回肠样品用于测定仔猪肠黏膜水解酶、糖原和上皮间淋巴细胞(IEL)、杯状细胞(GC)数。结果表明:处理1、2仔猪小肠黏膜碱性磷酸酶活性低于处理3、4同周龄仔猪;随着周龄增加,仔猪小肠黏膜α-醋酸萘酯酶活性增强,至5周龄时达到高峰;断奶越早,仔猪十二指肠腺及肠腺糖原阳性反应较弱。仔猪小肠各段IELs处理3显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),而处理2则显著低于其它3组(P<0.05)。断奶越早、日龄越小的仔猪肠GCs显著升高(P<0.05)。     

水貂生理生化血液流变学常值的研究

水貂系哺乳纲，鼠类科，为珍贵的毛皮兽。该场所养的水貂系６０年代从挪威，丹麦，１９８２年英国，１９９１年美国加拿大引进水貂后代。１９９０￣１９９２年对礤血液流变学，生理生化常值进行了测试，并选择健康的水貂测试数据进行了处理。经国际联机检索，尚未发现有关水貂的血液流变学的任何报道材料。     

肉仔鸡饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)效果的研究

研究了两种不同枯草芽孢杆菌对660只艾维茵肉仔鸡的生产性能和对仔鸡肠道微生物菌群的影响。试验将仔鸡随机分为4组:不饲喂药物添加剂的对照组、添加乳酸—粪链球菌的正对照组及添加不同枯草芽孢杆菌的两个试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ。 结果表明,添加枯草芽孢杆菌可使三周龄仔鸡体重略高于对照组,但差异不显著。添加枯草芽孢杆菌A16的试验组Ⅱ的饲料转化效率比对照组显著提高(P<0.05);试验组Ⅰ与对照组相比,可显著地增加肠道中有益菌(乳酸杆菌)的数量(P<0.05),减少有害菌(沙门氏菌)的数量(P<0.01),但对大肠杆菌数量的影响不显著。     

一例鹦鹉绦虫及其肠道组织病理的观察

采用常规尸解,石蜡切片、苏木精-曙红染色（H—E）、绦虫整体醋酸明矶洋红染色等方法’对一只病死蓝眼葵花鹦鹉的绦虫病原及肠道组织病理进行了初步研究。结果表明：该蓝眼葵花鹦鹉肠道内寄生有大量瑞氏绦虫,集结成团堵塞了肠道。肠道组织病理分析发现肠牯膜上皮部分组织坏死、脱落,小肠绒毛固有层、黏膜下层及浆膜内有充血、炎细胞浸润,显示该种绦虫对鹦鹉肠道组织造成了一定损伤,影响了鹦鹅对营养物质的消化吸收。     

THE SONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF INTESTINAL MUCOSAL FIBROSIS IN CATS

The medical records of 11 cats with full‐thickness intestinal biopsies and histopathologic confirmation of segmental mucosal fibrosis were reviewed. All cats received an abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation. The sonographic feature of a small intestinal mucosal hyperechoic band paralleling the submucosa was present in all cats. Other intestinal sonographic findings included wall thickening, and altered wall layering (increased mucosal echogenicity, thickened submucosa, and/or muscularis layer). None of the cats had complete loss of wall stratification. All cats had clinical signs related to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at the time of presentation. Three of the 11 cats had palpably thickened small intestinal loops, 3/11 abdominal pain, and 2/11 abdominal fluid. Histopathologically, mucosal fibrosis was associated with inflammatory cell infiltrates in all cats. In those cats with histopathologic evidence of mural fibrosis, all cats had a visible hyperechoic band through several intestinal segments. We speculate that the hyperechoic mucosal band represents the zone of mucosal fibrosis. Independently and prospectively, we reviewed the clinical presentation of 35 cats having this visible hyperechoic mucosal band on ultrasound. Twenty‐four of these 35 cats had clinical signs related to the digestive system at the time of record. Our study suggests that the hyperechoic mucosal band represents fibrosis, and in presence of concurrent GI signs, further diagnostic tests may be warranted.     

EFFECTS OF SEDATION WITH MIDAZOLAM AND BUTORPHANOL ON RESISTIVE AND PULSATILITY INDICES IN HEALTHY DOGS

Resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) are indirect measurements of blood flow resistance that may be measured by pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography. Chemical restrain may potentially alter the indices although it is required to perform ultrasonography in some patients. The purpose of this study was to describe values for both intrarenal and ocular RI and PI within the same subject in clinically normal dogs sedated with a midazolam and butorphanol combination and evaluate if there are any significant changes between sedated and nonsedated dogs. Fifteen healthy Beagle dogs were studied by Duplex Doppler interrogation in interlobar or arcuate arteries of the kidney and long posterior ciliary artery. Pulse rate and systolic blood pressure were also determined. All measurements were recorded before and after the administration of a sedative combination of midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg). Mean comparison tests (paired t-tests or Wilcoxon's rank-sum test) were used to determine if any significant differences existed between right and left renal values or right and left ocular values. A correlation study (Pearson or Spearman) was applied between RI, PI, and systolic pressure, and pulse rate. RI and PI were significantly higher in sedated Beagles than in unsedated Beagles. There was neither correlation between index and systolic blood pressure nor pulse rate. In conclusion, provided that normal RI and PI increase in sedated animals, then reference ranges should be higher when sedated--healthy or ill--animals are evaluated.     

RADIOGRAPHIC DIAMETER OF THE COLON IN NORMAL AND CONSTIPATED CATS AND IN CATS WITH MEGACOLON

Radiographs of 50 cats with no history of gastrointestinal disease were evaluated to establish a normal reference range for radiographic diameter of the feline colon. Thirteen cats with constipation and 26 with megacolon were also evaluated and compared with the normal cats to characterize the accuracy of the reference range and to identify a cutoff to distinguish constipation from megacolon. A ratio of maximal diameter of the colon to L5 length was the most repeatable and accurate measurement. A ratio <1.28 is a strong indicator of a normal colon (sensitivity 96%, specificity 87%). A value >1.48 is a good indicator of megacolon (sensitivity 77%, specificity 85%).