用种特异性DNA探针对鸡败血霉形体病田间样本的检测

用种特异性ＤＮＡ探针对鸡败血霉形体病田间样本的检测Ｍ．Ｉ．ＫｈａｎＳ．Ｈ．Ｋｌｅｖｅｎ王贵平摘译用种特异性鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）ＤＮＡ探针对产蛋下降和ＭＧ可疑感染鸡群进行检测，并同常规血清学的病原分离作比较，ＭＧＤＮＡ探针可在２天内清楚地鉴定出直接来自...     

鸡霉形体病与大肠杆菌病合并感染的药物选择

鸡霉形体病与大肠杆菌病合并感染的药物选择陈学周（汝州市成人农民中专河南汝州４６７５００）鸡霉形体病是由鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）引起的一种以呼吸罗音、咳嗽、鼻漏及气囊炎为特征的慢性呼吸道病（ＣＲＤ），常与大肠杆菌病合并感染。防治ＣＲＤ的措施包括药物治疗、免...     

控制鸡霉形体病的新思路

鸡的霉形体病是由鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）和滑膜霉形体（ＭＳ）引起的。鸡败血霉形体主要感染鸡。火鸡,也感染其他禽类,引起呼吸道疾病。在鸡群中长期流行,使母鸡产蛋下降。因此鸡败血霉形体对家禽生产危害最大。 鸡的慢性呼吸道病（ＣＲＤ）是由败血霉形体（ＭＧ）引起的。本病全年都可发生,但以冬天和早春多发,单纯ＭＧ感染,在正常的饲养管理条件下,常不表现症状,呈隐性经过,一般只有轻度呼吸道症状,此时发病率高,死亡率在 １０％－ ３０％。当气候突变、营养不良（如维生素Ａ缺乏）、饲养密度过大、舍内氨气浓度过高、育雏舍温…     

用核酸探针诊断鸡败血霉形体和滑液霉表体感染

用鸡败血霉形体和滑液霉形体种特异性核酸探针检测临床样品，不但能检出霉形体感染，还能对ＭＧ感染和ＭＳ感染进行鉴别诊断。对三种鸡非致病性霉形体进行检表明，没有核酸交叉反应。     

金霉素,泰妙菌素联合应用对鸡败血霉形体病的药效研究

观察了金霉素、泰妙菌素联合用药的体外抗鸡败血霉形体的作用与体内治疗鸡败血霉形体病的疗效。体外抑菌试验中，金霉素、泰妙菌素、金霉素与泰妙菌素（３∶１）合用，对鸡败血霉形体ＢＧ４４Ｔ株的最小抑菌浓度分别为２．０、０．０１６、０．０１６ｍｇ／Ｌ；棋盘法试验进一步证明，金霉素、泰妙菌素合用对鸡败血霉形体ＢＧ４４Ｔ株的ＦＩＣ指数为０．５～０．７５，两药表现有协同作用。饮水给药对实验性鸡败血霉形体病的治疗试验表明，金霉素、泰妙菌素按３∶１合用，以２００、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ剂量给药５ｄ，在死亡率、治愈率、有效率等几个指标方面优于泰妙菌素、金霉素单独给药（２００ｍｇ／Ｌ）。     

鸡的霉形体病及其防治

１病原霉形体是一种分布广泛的类胸膜肺炎微生物,经常存在于患有寄生虫病或其他疫病的人、禽类和其他动物的粘膜上。禽类的霉形体通常分１０个血清型。但只有鸡败血霉形体（以下简称ＭＧ）和滑膜霉形体（以下简称ＭＳ）对鸡有致病性。火鸡对ＭＳ的易感性比鸡更强。野鸡和...     

鸡败血霉形体SC克隆致弱株免疫原性试验

在透明塑料隔离器中进行了鸡败血霉形体人工发病试验，结果３０日龄ＳＰＦ来航鸡在ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＶ弱毒诱导和７０／１００００００（质量分数）氨环境刺激的联合作用下，致病率可达１００％（７／７）。经鸡败血霉形体Ｓ６克隆致弱株ＳＣＦ１５６代培养物点眼、滴鼻免疫后１０，２０，３０ｄ的ＳＰＦ来航鸡再以ＭＧ强毒攻毒，结果，保护率分别达８０．０％（４／５），７５．０％（３／４）和８７．５％（７／８）。近期免疫效果证明，鸡败血霉形体Ｓ６克隆致弱株ＳＣ有良好的免疫原性。     

霉形体病的控制

霉形体病的控制ＪｏｈｎＲ．Ｇｌｉｓｓｏｎ著李增光译原载：Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｗｓ１９９４Ｖｏｌ．６，Ｎｏ．７（译者单位：青岛正大有限公司技术服务部２６６１０９）霉形体病已严重困扰家禽饲养业数十年之久。鸡毒霉形体（ＭＧ）和滑液囊霉形体（ＭＳ）是引起鸡霉形体病...     

畜禽多发病及其防治：鸡败血霉形体病

畜禽多发病及其防治——鸡败血霉形体病谢家声张德贞（中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所）（兰州市畜牧站鸡败血霉形体病（Ａｖｉａｎｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍｏｓｉｓ）又称枝原体病、慢性呼吸道病。其病原为鸡败血霉形体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｇａｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ简...     

禽霉形体病的综合防治

近年来，随着规模化养禽业的发展，禽类的霉形体病的危害性逐渐显露，引起了人们的重视。禽类的霉形体到目前已鉴定出十几种，其中对家禽有严重致病作用的，有鸡的败血霉形体病和滑膜霉形体病等。鸡败血霉形体病，又称慢性呼吸道病，是鸡的一种慢性呼吸道传染病，在寒冷季节特别容易流行；滑膜霉形体病，是鸡和火鸡的一种急性或慢性病。     

In vitro susceptibility of some porcine respiratory tract pathogens to aditoprim, trimethoprim, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and combinations of these agents

The in vitro antimicrobial activities of aditoprim (AP), a new dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, trimethoprim (TMP), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and combinations of these drugs against some porcine respiratory tract pathogens were determined by use of an agar dilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these agents were determined twice against Bordetella bronchiseptica (n = 10), Pasteurella multocida (n = 10), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (n = 20) strains isolated from pigs suffering from atrophic rhinitis or pleuropneumonia. All B bronchiseptica strains were resistant to AP and TMP. The MIC50 values of AP and TMP for P multocida were 0.25 and 0.06 microgram/ml, respectively, and for A pleuropneumoniae, 1 and 0.25 microgram/ml, respectively. The MIC50 values of SDM and SMX for B bronchiseptica were 4 and 1 micrograms/ml, respectively; for P multocida, 16 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively; and for A pleuropneumoniae, 16 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The investigated combinations of the DHFR inhibitors and the selected sulfonamides had synergism for the A pleuropneumoniae strains; the MIC90 values of the combinations were less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml. Potentiation was not observed for the B bronchiseptica and the P multocida isolates. The MIC of the combinations against B bronchiseptica and P multocida corresponded respectively to the concentrations of the sulfonamides and the DHFR inhibitors in the combinations. For A pleuropneumoniae, 2 types of strains were used (25% of serotype 2 and 75% of serotype 9). Type-2 strains had lower susceptibility than type-9 strains to AP and TMP as well as to SDM and SMX (at least a fourfold difference in MIC between the 2 types of strains).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

氟苯尼考与三甲氧苄啶水溶性粉对试验性鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效研究

为测定氟苯尼考与三甲氧苄啶(TMP)水溶性粉配伍应用对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效,将试验鸡分为健康对照组、感染对照组、氟苯尼考组和氟苯尼考与TMP配伍应用的高、中、低3个剂量组。经对比治疗,试验结果表明,氟苯尼考与TMP配伍应用对大肠杆菌病的疗效(极)显著优于其他对照组,其中以中、高剂量组最明显,但3个剂量组间无显著差异,最佳配伍比例为5∶1,药物浓度为50μg/mL,即每毫升药液中含氟苯尼考42μg,TMP为8μg。     

复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠不同组方与剂型对鸡球虫病的疗效

通过动物体内试验,比较复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠的不同组方与剂型对鸡球虫病的疗效。第一次试验设磺胺氯吡嗪钠+三甲氧苄啶(TMP)溶液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+二甲氧苄啶(DVD)混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)、药物对照组(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉,0.03%,5 d)、感染不用药组和不感染不用药组。第二次试验设磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组-1(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组-2(0.02%,3 d)、药物对照组(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉,0.03%,3d)、感染不用药组和不感染不用药组。每组30只鸡。以血便记分、存活率、增重及相对增重率、病变记分与病变值、卵囊产量与卵囊值、抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标综合评定抗球虫效果。结果显示:磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)和磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)的抗球虫指数始终大于或接近180,为抗球虫高效水平;磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP溶液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组(0.02%,3 d)的抗球虫指数大于160,为抗球虫中效水平。提示:磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液(0.02%,5 d)和磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液(0.02%,5 d)对鸡球虫有较好的疗效。     

The efficacy of a mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline against Plasmodium gallinaceum malaria in the domesticated fowl Gallus gallus

The apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum has not been much studied from the veterinary standpoint. Although it causes malaria in domesticated chickens, no effective drugs appear to be commercially available. A mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline (TMP/SQX, ratio 1:3), with a wide spectrum of activity against bacteria and coccidia, is here shown to be also efficacious against blood-induced P. gallinaceum malaria when administered therapeutically in the feed of chickens for 5-day periods, beginning on the day before infection, or on the day of infection, or up to four days after infection. Chickens were protected against mortality and reduction of weight gain. Three other criteria of efficacy, which showed good correlation with each other and also with the two commercial performance criteria, were the production of green diarrhoea (due to biliverdin), parasitaemia and reduced haematocrit values. When TMP/SQX treatments were initiated sooner than five days after infection, parasites were almost entirely eliminated from the blood, whereas treatments initiated later than four days after infection failed to protect birds against clinical disease. Birds protected by TMP/SQX against primary infection with P. gallinaceum were immune to clinical malaria when exposed to a severe blood-induced challenge of P. gallinaceum 28 days later.     

秋水仙素处理对当归愈伤组织生长的影响

为诱导多倍体当归植株，对其愈伤性组织进行了秋水仙素处理，浓度分别为２０、７０、１００和１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ时间为１０、２０、２６和３５ｄ，试验符合二因素交叉分组设计，处理组合１６个，共计接种愈伤组织８００块。结果表明：（１）秋水仙素处理时间对当归治愈组织生长的影响明显大于处理浓度的效应，但处理浓度对当归愈伤组织存在阈值，（２）秋水仙素处理浓度及时间对当归愈伤组织的生长存互作效应，随处理浓度及时间同步递增     

In vitro action of combinations of antimicrobial agents and EDTA-tromethamine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Combinations of EDTA-tromethamine and 7 antimicrobial agents (chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, oxytetracycline, penicillin, polymyxin-B, streptomycin, and triple sulfa) were tested for synergistic activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three in vitro tests were used, including minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs, a 2-dimensional Microtiter checkerboard technique, and bacterial inhibition studies. A synergistic inhibitory action was observed with combinations of EDTA-tromethamine plus penicillin and EDTA-tromethamine plus oxytetracycline. When chloramphenicol, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, polymyxin-B, or triple sulfa was mixed with EDTA-tromethamine, synergistic action did not occur.     

复方磷霉素钙水溶性粉处方优化实验

为了优选磷霉素钙复方制剂,采用体外药物最小抑菌浓度测定法,测定了磷霉素钙与甲氧啶(TMP)、丁胺卡那霉素、恩诺沙星、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟钠、多西环素、氟甲砜霉素联合使用对大肠杆菌作用的协同指数.结果表明磷霉素钙与TMP的协同关系最好,协同指数为0.281,制剂中磷霉素钙与TMP的含量分别为5%和1%为最佳.     

Prevention of pleuropneumonia in pigs by in-feed medication with sulphadimethoxine and sulphamethoxazole in combination with trimethoprim

The prophylactic effect of in-feed medication of conventional pigs with sulphadimethoxine (SDM), sulphamethoxazole (SMX), and trimethoprim (TMP) was tested by using an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection model. In each of five experiments, six pigs were given medicated feed twice daily and three pigs received antibiotic-free feed and served as positive (unmedicated, infected) controls. The following drugs or drug combinations were tested (in mg per kg feed): 500 SDM + 100 TMP, 500 SMX + 100 TMP, 125 SMX + 25 TMP, 125 SMX (alone) and 25 TMP (alone). After six days of feed medication, all animals were endobronchially inoculated with A. pleuropneumoniae in a dose of 1-3.10(4) colony-forming units (CFU). The response to the challenge in all control pigs was characterized by fever, lethargy, anorexia, reduced water consumption, and laboured breathing. At autopsy all controls manifested a fibrinous haemorrhagic pleuropneumonia. In-feed medication with 500 SDM + 100 TMP, 500 SMX + 100 TMP as well as 125 SMX + 25 TMP resulted in an effective protection against the challenge in all treated animals. After consumption of feed medicated with 125 mg per kg SMX or 25 mg per kg TMP, pleuropneumonia was evident in all challenged pigs. The results of this study indicate an in vivo potentiation of SMX and TMP in pigs against this respiratory tract pathogen.     

Antibacterial action of combinations of oxytetracycline, dimethyl sulfoxide, and EDTA-tromethamine on Proteus, Salmonella, and Aeromonas

Antibacterial effects against Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Aeromonas hydrophila were obtained with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline and EDTA-tromethamine. Antibacterial effects were not observed with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide plus oxytetracycline or with dimethyl sulfoxide plus EDTA-tromethamine. Using a 2-dimensional Microtiter checkerboard technique, inhibitory activities of the various combinations of solutions were studied, and isobolograms were plotted. A synergistic effect was seen with combinations of oxytetracycline and EDTA-tromethamine. The greatest synergistic effect was observed when the mixture was caused to react with P mirabilis. These findings were confirmed by kinetic studies of microbial death, using one-fourth minimal inhibitory concentrations of these preparations.     

Evaluation of a Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain exhibiting reduced virulence for prevention and control of poultry mycoplasmosis.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the virulence and vaccination efficacy of a Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) isolate designated MG Intervet 6/85. Virulence of the strain was determined by evaluation of airsacculitis scores following aerosol exposure to the isolate before and after 10 sequential passes in either commercial broiler chickens or commercial turkeys. Two-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated by aerosol exposure. The birds were challenged with the R' strain of MG at either 4 or 8 weeks post-vaccination. Efficacy was evaluated by airsacculitis scores determined 21 days after challenge. Ten repetitive back-passes of the isolate in chickens and turkeys did not substantially increase the virulence. Virulence for both chickens and turkeys was minimal, while protection elicited by aerosol vaccination in young chickens against virulent R' strain was significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) compared with unvaccinated controls.