新农科背景下草业科学专业人才培养方案的修订——以扬州大学为例

开展“新农科”教育,培养适应我国现代草牧业发展需求的人才是服务于国家乡村振兴战略的重要举措。草业科学专业作为我国草牧业的重要组成部分,草业人才的培养应与社会发展的实际需求相适应。扬州大学草业科学本科专业人才培养方案的修订以综合性大学为优势,注重多学科融合;以复合型人才培养为核心,完善课程体系;以实践能力提升为重点,改革创新人才培养模式,对专业培养目标、毕业要求、课程体系、实践教学模式等要素进行分析,给出扬州大学草业科学专业的具体做法,并对培养方案修订过程中的难点和不足提出建设性的意见,对南方草业科学本科专业的建设和发展具有一定的参考价值。     

新农科背景下草业科学专业人才培养体系的构建与优化

构建具有专业型的人才培养体系是全面贯彻以人才培养为目标、以人才质量为保障的重要体现。在新农科背景下,我国应该结合相关院校的人才培养目标,广泛吸取国内外优秀的培养经验,把握好发展的最新动态和最新方向,为适应当今新农科改革背景下的对专业草业科学人才的需求,培养相关草业科学人才的竞争力,提升应用型人才的质量,构建新农科背景下的草业科学专业人才的培养体系,并不断进行优化。     

应用型地方院校草业科学本科生导师制培养创新人才的实践与探索——以黑龙江八一农垦大学草业科学专业为例

本科生导师制对于应用型地方院校来说，能够充分完善“三全育人”的人才培养体系，是培养知农爱农新型创新人才，服务于乡村振兴战略的必然选择。笔者对应用型地方院校黑龙江八一农垦大学草业科学专业本科生实施导师制的实践效果进行了介绍，分析了本科生导师制发展存在的问题并提出了建议，以期为本科生导师制在地方应用型院校草业科学人才培养过程中的高效实施提供参考。     

校企结合模式下应用型草业人才培养方案改革研究

当前普通高校的传统教育模式大多数是重理论轻实践,培养的人才很难适应当前社会的高速发展。本文通过人才培养方案的改革创新,建立校企结合模式下具有草业科学特色,面向行业发展应用的,具有农林院校独特竞争力的草业人才,以适应社会与市场的用人需求。     

草业科学专业创新创业人才培养机制探讨

草业科学是一门实践性很强的应用学科,实践教学是草业科学创新创业人才培养的重要环节。从草业科学的学科特点出发,以社会需求为导向和创新创业能力培养为核心,构建具有鲜明学科特色的创新创业实践教学体系,建立草业科学专业创新创业人才的培养机制,来提高学生的自主创新能力和创业能力,实现社会对草业科学创新创业人才的需求。     

国家战略指引下“两种精神”融合草业专业建设探索——以动物科技学院草业科学专业为例

以“培育全面发展的草业人才”为目标,探索通过专业思想教育、提升专业教师思政教学能力、拓展专业思政教学平台与途径、全学科渗透专业思政教育资源等方面在河北农业大学动物科技学院草业科学专业开展专业思政建设,形成“专业内外协同育人、课课联合思政育人”的专业思政育人环境,提高草业人才培养质量,为草学人才培养提供可借鉴的思路。     

调整农区种植结构大力发展农区草业

草业，既是一个科技含量较高的产业，又是一个劳动密集型产业。进入新世纪以来，草业越来越被人们重视，充分发挥农业区的优势，因地制宜的发展农区草业，是青海草业发展的主攻方向。     

草业科学专业本科生的专业满意度调查及影响因素分析

草业是我国当前快速发展的一个新兴产业,其发展离不开高等人才的教育和培养。草业科学专业本科生的专业满意度直接反映该专业的教学状况。论文以西北农林科技大学草业科学专业本科生的问卷调查和访谈结果为依据,分析了影响学生专业满意度的因素,并提出相应的教学改革建议。     

协同创新视阈下河北特色草业科学专业实践教学模式的改革与探索

为了培育高素质创新人才,河北农业大学动物科技学院基于协同创新人才培养,立足河北,探索出了一套具有河北地区特色的草业科学本科生教育培养体系。调查结果显示,该培养体系大大提高了草业科学专业学生的实践能力和教师的科研与教学水平,并针对当前草业科学专业存在的问题建议学校提高对草业科学专业的投入,加强草业科学师资队伍建设。     

四川农业大学草业科学普通本科专业人才培养模式探索及思考

摘要：随着我国高等教育改革的不断深入以及现代教育思想的不断发展,“宽口径、厚基础、复合型”的人才培养目标已成共识,专业课程设置对人才培养和学生就业具有举足轻重的作用。为进一步探讨草业科学专业本科人才培养体系,本研究以四川农业大学草业科学普通本科专业的课程培养方案为例,分析了草业科学专业人才培养的现状,提出了新世纪草业科学复合型本科人才培养体系的一些思路。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -