豆田除草剂氯嘧磺隆残留降解菌（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）培养条件的研究

利用单因素筛选结合正交试验的方法,以测定酿酒酵母茵的菌体生长量（OD600）为指标,系统研究了不同碳源、氮源及无机盐的发酵结果。单因素试验初步筛选出碳源麦麸,氮源豆粕和酵母膏,无机盐KH2PO4、CaCl2、MgSO4、FeSO4利于降解菌生长。在此基础上通过L18（3^7）的正交试验,确定了最优培养基配方为麦麸1％,豆粕2％,酵母膏1％,KH2PO40．2％,CaCl20．5％,MgSO4 0．05％,FeSO4 0．1％。最优培养基发酵活菌数可达1．802×10^8个／mL,比原麦芽汁培养基提高54．3％。     

响应面法优化金针菇液体发酵培养基

采用四因素三水平的Box-Behnken中心组合设计进行响应面法分析,考查葡萄糖、蛋白胨、KH_2PO_4和果蔬汁添加量对金针菇液体发酵菌丝生物量的影响。结果表明,在金针菇深层液体发酵试验中,最优培养基质量分数为葡萄糖2.15%,蛋白胨0.38%,KH_2PO_40.27%,果蔬汁12.90%;在优化培养基组成的条件下,预测金针菇深层发酵菌丝体产量最大值达21.51 mg/m L,与实际测量值21.46 mg/m L在误差范围内。     

白灵菇高活力液体菌种培养条件研究

为了提高白灵菇液体菌种的活力,通过采用单因子和正交发酵试验方法,以白灵菇菌丝生物量、菌球密度及萌发活力指数为检测指标,研究白灵菇高活力液体菌种培养基配方。结果表明,该菌株的最适碳源为玉米粉,最适氮源为黄豆粉和蛋白胨,最佳培养基碳氮配方为玉米粉3%,葡萄糖1.5%,蛋白胨0.6%,黄豆粉2%。     

烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)营养生理研究

研究了6种碳源和6种氮源对烟草赤星病菌[Alternaria alternata(Fr)Keissler]菌丝生长和产孢量的影响。结果表明,不同的碳源和氮源对该病菌菌丝生长和产孢量均有显著影响。病菌在以淀粉为碳源的培养基上菌丝生长最快,乳糖次之;菌丝干重以果糖培养基上最大,乳糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、淀粉次之,无碳对照最低;产孢量以在麦芽糖为碳源的培养基上最高,乳糖次之,无碳对照最低。病菌在以蛋白胨为氮源的培养基上菌丝生长最快,菌丝干重最大,硝酸铵次之,脲最慢;产孢量以在蛋白胨为氮源的培养基上最高,硝酸铵、硫酸铵上次之,脲最低。脲和氯化铵对病菌生长和孢子形成均有抑制作用。     

金针菇液体培养工艺的研究

通过单因素试验确定金针菇15号液体培养适宜的碳源、氮源、培养温度、最适pH、摇瓶装液量、接种量等,并通过正交试验确定适宜的培养基组成.培养基为:玉米粉5%,土豆粉2%,KH2PO4 0.1%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%,VB110μg/100 mL,VB250μg/100 mL;培养温度为25℃,培养基起始pH值为6.5,装液量为120 mL/500 mL三角瓶,接种量10%,种子培养时间为3～4天.     

不同碳氮源培养基对茯苓菌丝生长和产量的影响

采用不同配方碳氮营养培养野生茯苓母种、原种和栽培种,研究各培养基对茯苓菌丝生长和产量的影响。结果表明,不同碳源的母种培养基中马铃薯、芋头比胡萝卜和番薯作碳源更有利于茯苓菌丝生长,茯苓菌丝在酵母膏、蛋白胨作氮源的母种培养基中生长势强于硫酸铵、尿素的培养基;茯苓菌丝对松木屑有嗜好性,以松木屑作为原种、栽培种培养基碳源并增加麦粒和玉米面用量,茯苓菌丝生长良好,菌核产量与未加麦粒且以油菜饼为氮源的配方达极显著差异;玉米面、麦麸作原种和栽培种氮源比豆饼、油菜饼更利于茯苓菌丝的吸收利用。     

植物乳杆菌Zhang-LL高密度发酵的研究

本试验旨在通过优化培养条件提高植物乳杆菌Zhang-LL发酵培养液中的菌体浓度,为获得高活菌数的益生菌产品奠定基础。对植物乳杆菌的发酵培养基中的氮源进行单因素筛选,选取501油菜籽蛋白胨作为MRS培养基的替代氮源。基于优化的培养基成分,采用单因素及4因素3水平L9(34)正交试验优化发酵条件,确定最优发酵条件为;501油菜籽蛋白胨含量为3.0%、温度34℃、p H 6.5、接种量7%,发酵罐流加15%Na2CO3,转速为150 r/min;在此优化条件下,发酵液活菌数可达1.07×1010CFU/m L。     

玉米叶斑病菌麦根腐平脐蠕孢的生物学特性及其对杀菌剂的敏感性

麦根腐平脐蠕孢是引起玉米叶斑病的一种病原菌。明确了该病原菌在不同温度、pH及碳/氮源条件下的菌丝生长、产孢量及孢子萌发等生物学特性,并评价该病原菌对8种常用杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,温度为28℃时菌丝生长最快,达到73. 00 mm,并且孢子萌发率最高,为96. 91%;产孢的最佳温度为25℃,孢子量为15. 13×10~3/cm~2。在pH值7和8的培养基上菌丝生长最快,分别为65. 25,65. 13 mm,孢子萌发率分别为88. 75%,85. 00%;在pH值7的培养基上产孢量最高,为48. 44×10~3/cm~2。在以淀粉和蔗糖为碳源的培养基上菌丝生长量分别为53. 00,50. 17 mm;在以半乳糖为碳源的培养基上产孢量最高,为1. 93×10~4/cm~2,其次为淀粉培养基,产孢量为0. 42×10~4/cm~2;在以淀粉、半乳糖和蔗糖为碳源的培养基上孢子萌发率分别为76. 03%,74. 52%,72. 26%。在以硝酸钠为氮源的培养基上菌丝生长最快,为36. 44 mm;在以脯氨酸为氮源的培养基上产孢量最高,为5. 59×10~3/cm~2;在以脯氨酸和硝酸钠为氮源的培养基上孢子萌发率分别为49. 38%,45. 00%。对供试杀菌剂敏感性测定结果表明,戊唑醇和咯菌腈对菌丝生长抑制活性最高,EC_(50)均为0. 07 mg/L,咯菌腈对孢子萌发的抑制活性最高,EC_(50)为2. 80 mg/L。结果将为了解玉米麦根腐平脐蠕孢叶斑病的发生流行规律并制定有效防治措施提供理论依据。     

香菇L26的菌丝培养特性及系统发育学分析

对香菇L26菌丝生长所需碳源、氮源、无机盐和酸碱度等因素进行了研究,结果表明,香菇L26生长所需最佳碳源为玉米粉,菌丝生长速度为0.601 cm/d;最佳氮源为蛋白胨,菌丝生长速度为0.520 cm/d;当基础培养基中MgSO4·7 H2O浓度为0.5 g/L时,菌丝生长最佳,生长速度为0.636 cm/d;培养基初始pH =6.0时,菌丝生长速度最快为0.533cm/d.采用通用引物ITS1与ITS4对香菇L26的rDNA-ITS基因序列进行扩增与测序,获得了757bp的DNA序列(GenBank accession No.JX 205093),基于5.8 S rDNA与ITS区序列构建系统发育树,对其分类学地位进行了分析研究.     

白阿魏侧耳菌丝体生长条件的优化

白阿魏侧耳(Pleurotus nebrodensis)是一种特有的食药两用珍稀真菌,具有调节人体生理平衡,增强人体免疫功能的作用。本文以白阿魏侧耳为材料,研究了不同的温度、pH值、碳源、氮源和通气条件对其菌丝生长影响。结果表明菌丝生长的适宜生长温度范围为22℃～30℃,最适温度是25℃;适宜生长pH值为5.0～8.0,最适pH值是7.5;最适碳源为蔗糖;最适氮源为蛋白胨;充足的氧气有利于菌丝生长。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.