THE RESPONSE OF AUSTRALIAN CHICKENS NATURALLY INFECTED WITH AVIRULENT NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS TO CHALLENGE WITH VELOGENIC NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS

SUMMARY Sixty-eight breeder chickens, 4 to 12 months of age, were taken from Australian flocks that had been naturally infected with avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and transported by air to Malaysia. Nearly all the breeders had haemagglutination inhibition antibodies to NDV, at titres of from 2 to 128. Thirty-two were inoculated intranasally with an Asian, velogenic, viscerotropic strain of NDV and all survived this challenge. Thirty-six were exposed to contact infection with the same velogenic NDV and 2 died of Newcastle disease within 14 days. The levels of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies against NDV increased in the surviving breeders after challenge, reaching 2048 or greater in a few birds. Velogenic NDV was isolated from a cloacal swab from one clinically normal breeder 10 days after challenge by contact. Cloacal swabs taken 7 to 10 days after challenge from another 23 breeders yielded no NDV. Twenty-four broilers, 7 weeks of age, were also transported from Australia to Malaysia. All lacked detectable haemagglutination inhibition antibody to NDV and they were from a flock with no detectable antibody to NDV. Twelve were challenged with velogenic NDV intranasally and 12 were subjected to contact challenge. All broilers died of Newcastle disease within 13 days.     

INTERACTION BETWEEN INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS AND NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN CHICKENS

The Australian strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), 002/73, affected the response of chickens to Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The titre of serum antibodies to NDV in chickens infected with IBDV was significantly lower than that of birds infected with NDV alone. It also appeared that IBDV affected NDV excretion from chickens as NDV was more frequently isolated from chickens infected with IBDV, IBDV infection did not alter the pathogenicity of NDV in chickens. This Australian strain of IBDV therefore appeared to be immunodepressive in one-day-old chickens.     

鹌鹑对新城疫病毒的易感性试验

用从新城疫病死鹌鹑中分离的新城疫病毒(NDV)株(QNDV-1)和鸡新城疫毒株(F_(48)E_8),对5日龄、10日龄、25日龄、35日龄和70日龄等不同日龄鹌鹑进行了感染试验,并用15日龄鹌鹑做了呼吸道、肌肉注射、皮下注射、脑内注射、静脉注射和消化道等不同途径的感染试验。结果表明:供试不同日龄鹌鹑均可被感染发病,并出现和自然病例同样的症状或死亡,随着日龄增长,死亡率有降低趋势,70日龄鹌鹑(成年产卵)出现同自然病例同样的产卵量下降和产出异常卵现象;不同途径均可使鹌鹑感染发病或死亡,其中以脑内注射和静脉注射所表现的发病或死亡最为急剧;从病死鹌鹑中可重新收回到新城疫病毒,发病耐过鹌鹑可产生特异性抗体。     

ISOLATION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS FROM AN INDIAN HOUSE CROW

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

鸽新城疫野毒株的分离及生物学特性研究

对分离的Ｇ１、Ｇ２、Ｇ３３株鸽新城疫病毒进行了电镜检查、致病性指数测定、血凝试验（ＨＡ）,与鸡新城疫Ｌａｓｏｔａ毒株的交叉血凝抑制试验（ＨＩ）、致病性试验。测得鸡胚半数感染量（ＥＩＤ５０）分别为１０－８．４１,１０－７．５３,１０－７．８３;鸡胚最小致死量（ＬＤ）均为１０－４;鸡胚平均致死时间（ＭＤＴ）分别为８０ｈ,９０ｈ,９６ｈ;１日龄雏鸡脑内致病指数（ＩＣＰＩ）分别为１．６０,１．５０,１．５５;分离毒株与Ｌａｓｏｔａ毒株和其相应血清的交叉凝集抑制试验有明显差异。将分离毒株分别接种１月龄鸽各３只,４～１０ｄ全部出现典型神经症状,１５ｄ内死亡。结果表明所分离的３株病毒为鸽新城疫病毒,在抗原性上与鸡新城疫病毒存在一定差异,对鸡也有一定致病力。为制定防制措施,研制鸽新城疫疫苗,控制新城疫流行提供了科学依据。     

间接法DOT—ELISA检测新城疫病毒的研究

本文首次成功地建立了间接法Dot-ELISA检测新城疫病毒,对新城疫发病鸡群口咽、泄殖腔拭子的NDV抗原阳性检出率分别为58.33％(91/156)、62.50％(90/144),两者没有显著差异(P>0.05),结果表明,间接法Dot-ELISA对新城疫的早期诊断具有简单、快速、经济、敏感性高、特异性强和重复性好等优点,是疫病早期诊断与流行病学调查的有效手段。     

THE ISOLATION OF LENTOGENIC STRAINS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN AUSTRALIA

SUMMARY Twelve isolations of Newcastle disease virus were made from 77 clinical samples from chickens with conjunctivitis, respiratory disease, proventriculitis and bursal atrophy. Nine of the Isolations were made from chickens with conjunctivitis. The viruses were identified as Newcastle disease virus by inhibition of their haemagglutinins with specific antiserum to Newcastle disease virus. The viruses failed to kill chicken embryos after inoculation into the allantoic cavity and they were judged to be lentogenic strains. There was no evidence that the Newcastle disease viruses were responsible for any of the clinical conditions from which they were isolated. The presence of other agents in 10 of the samples was indicated by reduced production of haemagglutinin in allantoic fluids of infected embryos, by deaths of infected embryos, by the production of cytopathic changes in avian cell cultures and by electron microscopy. Three isolations of infectious bronchitis virus, 2 of avian adenovirus and one of avian reovirus were made. Other samples were suspected of containing infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasmas, but these were not isolated. The Newcastle disease viruses failed to produce plaques in chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures and they were separated from the contaminating agents by haemagglutination and elution followed by passage at terminal dilution in chick embryos. No Newcastle disease virus was isolated from 60 caecal tonsils and 60 lung samples from 9-week-old broiler chickens. Eight lung samples yielded mycoplasmas that caused haemadsorption in chicken cell cultures. The mycoplasmas were probably Mycoplasma gallisepticum.     

鸽新城疫油乳化灭活疫苗研制

研制了灭的油佐剂鸽新城疫疫苗，对疫苗的安全性及免疫效果进行观察，结果表明疫苗对鸽十分安全，每鸽肌肉注射０．５ｍｌ疫苗后，１２天能耐受强毒的攻击，免疫持续期的６个月以上，疫苗４℃保存６个月以上仍有免疫效果，扩大试用了１万多羽肉鸽和赛鸽也十分安全有效。