支提山突脉青冈天然林主要植物种群生态位研究

采用定量分析方法,计测突脉青冈天然林主要乔木树种的生态位宽度、生态位相似比例和生态位重叠值.结果表明:组成突脉青冈天然林的种群大多数为宽生态位,种群之间关系较复杂,对资源具有一定的共享性;种群之间的生态位相似比例和生态位重叠值反映了亚热带常绿阔叶林的生态特征.     

突脉青冈研究进展

突脉青冈是近几年新发现的阔叶树种。研究表明,该树种具有很大经济价值和生态价值,因此对该树种的研究得到许多学者和林业工作者的关注。本文对突脉青冈的研究现状进行了总结,概括起来是:突脉青冈天然林内物种丰富;空间分布呈集群分布,各物种对资源具有共享性,多物种总体联结性呈不显著的正相关;群落各组分热值存在差异。人工林具有较好的持水能力;种子和幼苗对气候和土壤要求高。突脉青冈木材的密度和综合强度中等、干缩小,纤维交织能力好。     

广西环江县木论保护区的保护价值及其对生态文明建设的作用

指出了木论保护区是广西亚热带石灰岩常绿、落叶阔叶混交林保护最好、面积最大、连片分布唯一的区域。简要地介绍了其基本特点、保护价值,探讨有效管理的一些问题,提出了相应建议,供有关方面参考。     

不同更新方式对常绿落叶阔叶混交林迹地主要树种生态位的影响

运用Shannow-wiener生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数,对常绿落叶阔叶混交林迹地不同更新方式群落主要树种的生态位特征进行了比较研究。结果表明:不同更新方式对常绿落叶阔叶混交林迹地群落主要树种生态位有重要影响。人工更新群落中乔木檫木(Sassafras tsumu)虽有最高的生态位,为1.748,但已受林下常绿灌木的挤压,将会变窄。人工促进天然更新群落中檫木生态位为1.671,因受微毛柃(Eurya hebeclados)、短柱柃(Eurya brevistyla)等树种挤压居第三位,群落已向良性方向演替。天然更新群落中乔木层落叶树种大穗鹅耳枥(Carpinus fargesii)最高,为1.667,常绿树种青冈(Cycloblanopsis glauca)的生态位已从人工更新群落中的0.601和人工促进天然更新群落中的1.081上升到1.584,群落中的落叶树种与常绿树种均较大,群落主要树种的生态位结构趋于合理。落叶阔叶树种檫木、光皮桦(Betula luminifera)在天然更新群落中的生态位重叠值较低,分别为0.387和0.292,而常绿阔叶树种青冈则相反,在天然更新群落中的生态位重叠值较高,为0.537。不同更新方式群落中树种生态位宽度及树种间生态位重叠的差异源于人为干扰过程中对非目的树种生态位的压缩与释放程度以及树种间对资源竞争的结果。通过树种间生态位调控可以优化群落结构。     

人工-天然杉阔混交林种群生态位及竞争研究

对人工 -天然杉阔混交林中 4个主要种群进行生态位研究 ,定量测定混交林中主要种群生态位宽度、生态位相似比例、生态位重叠 ,并分析了各种群生态位的生态学意义 ;同时采用Lotka_Volterra竞争方程研究混交林中主要种群。结果表明 :通过定量的生态位分析 ,结果与自然规律相符合。平衡时 ,杉木和米槠相对优势度分别为87 4 5 %和 12 5 5 % ,即人工 -天然杉阔混交林仍将由杉木、米槠两种种群共优组成 ,杉木种群支配整个群落。     

大荫山米槠林群落主要乔木种群生态位研究

2018年7月,运用Shoener的生态位相似性比例公式、Pianka的生态位重叠公式以及Shannon-wiener和Levins的生态位宽度公式,对衢州市柯城区大荫山米槠Castanopsis carlesii林群落及其主要乔木种群的生态位进行了研究.结果表明,调查区域内共有植物117种,其中乔木24种、灌木75种...     

湖北七姊妹山亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林主要木本植物的生态位与种间联结

目的 探究亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的生态位特征和种间联结,阐明主要木本植物种间关系及对环境适应状况,为亚热带地区生物资源保护和森林管理提供理论依据。 方法 本研究基于湖北七姊妹山国家级自然保护区6 hm2（300 m × 200 m）标准大样地数据,从物种组成、生态位宽度、生态位相似性系数、生态位重叠指数、方差比率法、χ2检验、联结系数、Jaccard指数等方面研究了16种主要木本植物（重要值大于1%）的生态位和种间联结。 结果 （1）2020年湖北七姊妹山亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林共有64科140属266种木本植物,主要有桦木科、壳斗科和金缕梅科等,物种组成逐渐复杂。（2）川陕鹅耳枥的物种重要值和生态位宽度最高,占据绝对优势地位,与其他主要木本植物之间具有较高的生态位重叠和生态位相似性。四照花、灯台树和尖叶四照花的优势地位次之。生态位重叠指数和生态位相似系数均以0.2～0.5之间为主,大部分物种对生境需求具有一定相似性、互补性。物种重要值排序与生态位宽度排序并不完全相同。（3）湖北七姊妹山亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林内物种间总体关联性呈现显著正联结,且正负联结比值大于1。16种主要木本植物的χ2检验、联结系数、Jaccard指数、Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数的结果基本一致：正关联种对数大于负关联种对数,极显著或显著正关联种对数比极显著或显著负关联种对数多,不显著关联种对数也占有重要比例。 结论 亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种丰富,群落处于演替早期至中期阶段,种间关系松散、不紧密。     

青藏高原东北边缘云-冷杉林火烧迹地灌木群落种群生态位特征

目的 揭示青藏高原东北边缘云-冷杉林不同年限火烧迹地灌木群落种群生态位特征。 方法 以空间代替时间方法,采用Levins和Shannon Wiener生态位宽度指数、Pianka和Schoener生态位重叠指数计算种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠程度,并划分群落特化种和泛化种。 结果 火烧迹地和未过火林地灌木物种Levins和Shannon Wiener生态位宽度指数结果基本一致,同一物种在火烧迹地和未过火林地的生态位宽度存在差异。5 a火烧迹地有3个特化种;15 a火烧迹地有2个特化种和1个泛化种;未过火林地有1个特化种。种间生态位重叠严重的种对数占比为15 a火烧迹地>5 a火烧迹地>未过火林地;生态位重叠一般的种对数占比为5 a火烧迹地>15 a火烧迹地>未过火林地;生态位重叠较小的种对数占比为未过火林地>15 a火烧迹地>5 a火烧迹地。 结论 青藏高原东北边缘云-冷杉林经过重度火干扰后,不同年限火烧迹地灌木群落种间生态位重叠程度正在不断地发生变化,而未过火林地林下灌木层种间生态位重叠程度则保持一个相对较低的状态,火烧迹地灌木群落正处于正向演替阶段。     

星斗山天然次生林优势种的生态位和种间联结动态

[目的 ]常绿落叶阔叶混交林是我国特有的天然林类型,作为亚热带山地的主要植被类型。探讨典型亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林优势种的生态位和种间联结动态变化,阐明短期群落发展中优势种的适应能力、种间关系和变化规律,为亚热带地区生物资源保护、恢复和森林管理提供理论依据。[方法 ]本研究以湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区天然次生林为研究对象,结合2013年和2018年的两次固定样地(48个)调查监测数据,对比分析重要值排名前10名的优势种(重要值大于2%)的生态位宽度、生态位重叠指数、方差比率法、χ²检验、联结系数、Jaccard指数和Spearman秩相关系数的动态变化。[结果 ](1)2013年和2018年物种组成变化较小,物种株数、科属种数减少;重要值排名前10名的优势种仅1名物种发生变动。(2)两次调查结果的生态位重叠指数均以0.2～0.5之间为主,种对数随群落发展而增加,大部分物种对生境需求具有一定相似性、互补性。随着群落发展,多数优势种的生态位重叠程度逐渐降低、生态位宽度逐渐变窄、利用资源能力逐渐减弱。(3)5年间,重要值排序与生态位宽度排序并不完全相同,群落资源未被完全...     

亚丁保护区的保护价值和有效管理的展望

指出了亚丁保护区是青藏高原东部著名的横断山脉中段山地生物多样性保护较好的区域,有“最后的香格里拉”的美称。简要地介绍了它的基本特点、保护价值,展望了其有效管理望,供有关方面参考。     

贵州喀斯特峰丛洼地植被演替过程中种的生态位分析

通过对Karst峰丛洼地植被处的数量特征（重要值、重迭值、生态位宽度、生物量）的研究和对其相应的小生境因子野外实测数据进行分析,结果表明：类似于极点的Karst种群分析与相应群落小生境现状调查分析,对于计测、分析Karst植被生态位特征是可行的,并且两者得出的结论是一致的,与演替原理相符。     

浙江九龙山自然保护区红楠群落特征及种群动态的研究

对浙江九龙山国家级自然保护区红楠群落结构特征以及种群动态进行了调查研究,结果表明:该群落主要以樟科和山茶科植物为主,物种的丰富度指数、多样性、均匀度和优势度均为灌木层>乔木层>草本层;在生活型中,高位芽植物占绝对优势,达95.45%;叶级以中型叶为主,占93.18%,细叶次之,占4.55%,;叶型以单叶占优势,为86.36%;叶质以革质叶为主,占75.00%。群落的垂直结构上明显分成乔木层、灌木层和草本层;红楠的种群年龄结构呈"巨"字型,幼苗储备丰富,种群呈增加的趋势。从群落演替来看,红楠将长期处于优势地位。     

茂兰喀斯特峰丛中部常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落特征及多样性研究

研究了贵州茂兰自然保护区喀斯特峰丛中部典型常绿落叶阔叶混交林的群落特征、群落内种子植物的区系特点以及群落物种多样性。结果表明:茂兰喀斯特峰丛中部常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落由乔、灌、草及层间藤本植物组成,种类组成丰富,样地(1 800 m2)共有植物146种,分属55个科,其中种属比较多的科有樟科、壳斗科、山茱萸科、胡桃科、榛科等,群落无明显优势树种;群落以常绿树种、革质叶、高位芽植物为主;群落的植物区系与泛热带植物区系和热带亚洲植物区系的关系最为密切,热带、亚热带分布的属占65.31%,群落具有明显的热带亚热带植物区系特征。群落物种多样性指数、均匀度指数,生态优势度指数较高,群落结构复杂、稳定。     

福建光泽九龙坑不同坡向天然次生林演替规律的研究

通过对福建光泽九龙坑不同坡向天然次生林的林分组成和生境的调查,研究主要乔灌木树种在不同坡向林分中的分布规律,分析出不同坡向林分的天然演替趋势,为人工促进天然更新提供科学依据。     

Relationship and its ecological significance between plant species diversity and ecosystem function of soil conservation in semi-humid evergreen forests, Yunnan Province, China

In recent years, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability, productivity, and other ecosystem functions has been extensively studied by using theoretical approaches, experimental investigations, and observations in natural ecosystems; however, results are controversial. For example, simple systems were more stable than complex systems in theoretical studies, and higher productivity was observed in human-made ecosystems with poorer species composition, etc. The role of biodiversity in the ecosystem, such as its influence on sustainability, stability, and productivity, is still not understood. Because accelerated soil-erosion in various ecosystems has caused a decrease of primary productivity, a logical way used in the study of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function can be used to study the relationship between plant species diversity and soil conservation. In addition, biodiversity is a product of evolutionary history, and soil erosion is a key factor controlling the evolution of modern environment on the surface of the Earth. A study on the relationship between biodiversity and soil-erosion processes could help us understand the environmental evolution of Earth. Fifteen 10 m × 40 m standard runoff plots were established to measure surface runoff, soil erosion, and total P loss in different secondary communities of semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests that varied in composition, diversity, and level of disturbance and soil erosion. The following five communities were studied: AEI (Ass. Elsholtzia fruticosa + Imperata cylindrical), APMO (Ass. Pinus yunnanensis + Myrsine africana + Oplismenus compsitus), APLO (Ass. Pinus yunnanensis + Lithocarpus confines + Oplismenus compsitus), AEME (Ass. Eucalyptus smith + Myrsine africana + Eupatorium adenophorum), and ACKV (Ass. Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides + Keteleeria evelyniana + Viola duelouxii). Tree density, the diameter of the tree at breast height, and the hygroscopic volume of plant leaves were determined in each plot. Results indicated that surface runoff, soil erosion, and total P loss decreased as a power function with increase in plant species diversity. Their average values for three years were 960.20 m³/(hm² · year), 11.4 t/(hm² · year), and 127.69 kg/(hm² · year) in the plot with the lowest species diversity, and 75.55 m³/(hm² · year), 0.28 t/(hm² · year), and 4.71 kg/(hm² · year) in the plot with the highest species diversity, 12, 50, and 25 times respectively lower compared with the lowest species diversity plots. The coefficients of variation of surface runoff, soil erosion, and total P loss also followed a power function with the increase of plant species diversity, and were 287.6, 534.21, and 315.47 respectively in the lowest species diversity plot and 57.93, 187.94, and 59.2 in the highest species diversity plot. Enhanced soil conservation maintained greater stability with increased plant species diversity. Plant individual density increased linearly and the canopy density and cross section at breast height increased logarithmically with the increase of plant species diversity. The hydrological function enhanced as the plant species diversity increased. There were obviously relationships between plant species diversity and rainfall interception, coverage, and plant individual density, which was related to soil conservation functions in the five forest communities. The complex relationships between plant species diversity and the above-mentioned ecological processes indicated that plant species diversity was an important factor influencing the interception of rainfall, reducing soil erosion and enhancing the stability of soil conservation, but its mechanism is not known. This experiment showed that plant species diversity promoted soil and nutrient conservation and ultimately lead to the increase of the primary productivity of the ecosystem, and was thus a good way to study the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Rainfall interception could be assessed easily using the hygroscopic volume of plant leaves. Because there were strong correlations between plant species diversity and soil conservation functions, the patterns of plant species diversity will show a certain level of predictability on the interactions of life systems with surface processes of the Earth. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(3): 392–403 [译自: 植物生态学报     

四川西部高山峡谷区森林分布特点及其演替规律

自从1950年以来,在四川西部高山峡谷区设置了700块样地,对该区域森林分布特点及森林演替与环境梯度间的关系进行研究.结果表明,高山峡谷区森林建群种以冷、云杉两属树种为优势,形成90多种森林类型;冷杉林多分布于各河流及其支流的中、上部,而云杉林多分布于宽谷地带和半阴半阳坡;冷云杉林冠下天然更新不良,而林窗天然更新效果较好;森林演替与垂直梯度关系密切;演替途径与原林型林下植被层片有关;人为措施可以促进或延缓演替进程;扩张更新效果常受地形、植被、风向影响。图4参9。     

Effect of pine wood nematode invasion on pine community functions in the Pinghu region, Zhejiang Province, eastern China

In order to investigate the effect of invastion by pine wood nematode （PWN）, this study analyzed severalfunctional indices, i.e., the increment in DBH and stand volume and biomass, in the damaqed stands with various mixedpercentages of Pinus massoniana and P. thunbergii and with different levels of damage. According to the results of rate of change in increment of DBH and stand volume, the forest ecosystem resistance against PWN increased with a reduct on n the m xed ratio of pine. The resistance was highest with a mixed percentage of 50%. The invasion of PWN hanged the corresponding relationship of increment between DBH and stand volume （pure stands 〉 7：3 conifer and roadleaf 〉 6：4 conifer and broadleaf 〉 5：5 conifer and broadleaf） among the P. thunbergii stands when there is no amage, but for P. massoniana stands this phenomenon did not occur. For the increment rate of DBH and stand volume, is significant change in P, thunbergii forest indicates that the resistance of pure P. thunbergii forest was higher than at of P. massoniana. The invasion of PWN accelerates the succession from pure stands to mixed stands and then tohe broadleaf evergreen stands.