有机茶有机食品生产专用肥不同施肥量的初步探索

利用柳州市糖厂废弃物滤泥和酒精废液,经生物发酵,成功转化为有机食品专用肥.探索到有机食品生产专用肥施量10 500 kg/hm2,纯收入达最高(92 559.75元/hm2).     

State-centered versus Nonstate-driven Organic Food Standardization: A Comparison of the US and Sweden

Organic food standardization is an increasingly important strategy for dealing with consumer concerns about the environment, animal welfare, health, and the economic structure of food production. But the ways in which this consumer-oriented strategy is introduced, organized, and debated vary considerably across countries. In Sweden, a nongovernmental organization [KRAV (Association for Control of Organic Production)] – consisting of social movement organizations, associations for conventional and organic farmers, and the food industry – has been quite successful in promoting organic food labeling as an eco-label. KRAV has developed a complementary position vis-à-vis the state and EU regulatory framework. In the US, the federal government controls standardization. The government frames the label as a “marketing label,” thus rejecting the idea that organic food production would have any significant advantages for the environment or, indirectly, for human health. This framing is separate from the ones created by organic constituencies, leading to deeper controversies than in Sweden. The purpose of this paper is to examine why standardization has followed different patterns in the two settings. We analyze context factors (i.e., political culture, pre-regulatory arrangements, and organizational structures) and process factors (i.e., framing and organizing). What are the benefits of a state-centric versus a nonstate-driven approach regarding powerful standardization? The paper shows that both settings provide not only “threats of regulatory occupation” from actors not committed to organic principles but also avenues for substantial standardization in the future, albeit through different channels.     

无公害农产品·绿色食品和有机食品辨析

对我国无公害农产品、绿色食品和有机食品3种类型农产品进行了详细的辨析,它们的不同点主要表现在发源背景、质量标准、生产技术体系、生产基础、认证机构、认证方法、产品标识、有无分级、产品结构和市场定位等方面.     

有机食品价格形成机制研究简

运用经济学原理分析了有机食品有别于常规食品在价格供求弹性上的差异,以此为基础探讨了有机食品价格形成机制,并运用实例数据进行了检验,解释了有机食品市场价格变动的原因。据此提出了稳定我国有机食品市场、促进有机食品行业科学发展的政策建议。     

有机农业与食品安全

笔者文介绍有机农业和有机食品概念、原理,食品质量和安全及其相关规则;针对影响食品质量安全的化学风险、微生物风险和与有机食品有关的特殊的食品质量和安全性问题进行探讨,进一步明确有机食品对食品安全的重要促进作用。     

我国消费者对有机食品的态度研究——以南京市调研结果为例

本文通过问卷调查方式分析了有机产品在中国南京主流超市的市场情况和人们对有机食品的认知情况。调查发现：当今人们对有机食品的关注程度还有待于提高。部分消费者虽然对有机食品有积极的认知,但只有1.25%的人曾经购买过有机产品。原因可能除了价格因素以外,还与人们的受教育程度,职业差别和有机理念的深浅以及购买渠道的便易与否皆有重要关系。此外,还与有机市场具有市场份额小,品种相对单一,价格偏高有一定的关系。建议扩大宣传、提高营销手段以提高人们对有机产品的认知;同时,加强有机生产和加工的监督和管理,严格控制产品质量,以加强人们对有机产品的信心。     

有机食品营养品质与安全性研究进展

从营养品质和安全性2个方面对有机食品和普通食品的比较研究进展进行了概述,为该领域的进一步深入探讨提供了参考。     

Capturing the Sustainability Agenda: Organic Foods and Media Discourses on Food Scares, Environment, Genetic Engineering, and Health

This paper undertakes a content analysis of newspaper articles from Australia, the UK, and the US concerned with a variety of issues relevant to sustainable food and agriculture from 1996 to 2002. It then goes on to identify the various ways in which sustainability, organic food and agriculture, genetic engineering, genetically modified foods, and food safety are framed both in their own terms and in relation to each other. It finds that despite the many competing approaches to sustainability found in scientific and agricultural production discourses, media discourses tend to reduce this complexity to a straightforward conflict between organic and conventional foods. Despite regular reporting of viewpoints highly critical of organic food and agriculture, this binary opposition produces discourses in which organic foods are seen as more-or-less synonymous with safety, naturalness and nutrition, and their alternatives as artificial, threatening, and untrustworthy. Particularly controversial food-related issues such as genetic engineering, food scares, chemical residues, and regulatory failure are treated as part of the same problem to which organic food offers a trustworthy and easily understood solution. Stewart Lockie is Associate Professor of Rural and Environmental Sociology and Associate Dean (Research) in the Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Health at Central Queensland University. His main research interests lie in the greening of food and agriculture, food commodity networks, and natural resource management. Recent co-edited books include Rurality Bites: The Social and Environmental Transformation of Rural Australia and Consuming Foods, Sustaining Environments.     

论常用肥料类型与绿色食品的生产

详细阐述了常用的肥料类型,有机肥料、无机肥料和有机无机复合肥料的特点与绿色食品生产之间的关系。尤其是创新地把有机肥分为传统有机肥和现代有机肥两大类,并加以分类说明,明确尿素是一种合成有机肥。生产绿色食品必须在产地空气、水质和土壤环境达标的基础上,以优质无害的有机肥料、无机肥料相结合才能生产出相应的绿色食品,同时可使土壤的保肥、供肥能力和自净能力等得到相应提高。     

Farm Parents’ Views on their Children’s Labor on Family Farms: A Focus Group Study of Wisconsin Dairy Farmers

This study examines parents’ perspectives on their children working on their family dairy farms in Wisconsin. The objective of this focus group study is (1) to gain insights on why children work on their family farms, (2) to identify those benefits that parents perceive that they and their children gain from their children working on-farm, (3) to determine the concerns that parents have about their children working, (4) to identify ways to improve the safety of children on family farms, and (5) to understand how US agricultural policy impacts family decisions to use their children’s labor on their farms. The two focus groups reveal that fathers and mothers have different concerns and different perceptions regarding the benefits gained from having their children work on farms. The findings suggest that in response to US agricultural policy, parents are increasingly reliant upon their children’s labor. Children work the longest hours on economically stressed farms. Lydia Zepeda is a fellow of the Center for World Affairs and the Global Economy and professor of Consumer Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She earned her MS and PhD in Agricultural Economics at the University of California at Davis. Her research interests include agricultural technology adoption, risk perceptions, household decision-making, and consumer food demand. Jongsoog Kim is a research fellow at Korea Women’s Development Institute in Seoul, Korea. She earned her PhD in Human Ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research interests include gender economics, labor supply of women and children, intrahousehold resource allocation, and consumer policies.     

浅谈牡丹江市绿色有机食品的发展现状及对策

牡丹江市发展绿色、有机食品有非常好的生态优势,但也存在着企业规模小,扶持资金不足等问题。因此,牡丹江市应通过高端规划,加大扶持资金投入,扶强本地企业,引进外埠强企,加强监管等措施来发展绿色有机产业。     

Organic agriculture and the conventionalization hypothesis: A case study from West Germany

The recent growth in organic farming has given rise to the so-called “conventionalization hypothesis,” the idea that organic farming is becoming a slightly modified model of conventional agriculture. Using survey data collected from 973 organic farmers in three German regions during the spring of 2004, some implications of the conventionalization hypothesis are tested. Early and late adopters of organic farming are compared concerning farm structure, environmental concern, attitudes to organic farming, and membership in organic-movement organizations. The results indicate that organic farming in the study regions indeed exhibits signs of incipient conventionalization. On average, newer farms are more specialized and slightly larger than established ones and there is a growing proportion of farmers who do not share pro-environmental attitudes. Additionally, a number, albeit small, of very large, highly specialized farms have adopted organic agriculture in the last years. However, the vast majority of organic farmers, new and old ones included, still show a strong pro-environmental orientation. Henning Best holds a MA in Sociology, History, and Ethnology from the University of Cologne, Germany in 2002. He acquired a PhD in Economics and Social Sciences from the University of Cologne in 2006. From 2002 to 2004 he was research associate at the Research Institute for Sociology, University of Cologne. Since 2004 he is researcher and lecturer at the Institute for Applied Social Research, University of Cologne. His research interests include environmental sociology, social inequality, and quantitative methods of social research.     

有机无机生态型基质在小白菜无土栽培上的应用效果研究

[目的]探索比较适合小白菜(Brassica rapa L.chinensis Group.)生长的有机无机生态型基质配方。[方法]通过施用不同比例有机肥即腐熟完全的牛粪与2种基质进行配比进行小白菜栽培试验。[结果]施用有机肥可以显著提高小白菜的根系活力,以45%有机肥比例处理的根系活力平均水平最高,平均达到66.48μg/(g.h)。配施有机肥15%的2种配比基质施用化肥处理叶绿素含量均显著高于不施化肥处理。小白菜硝酸盐含量随有机肥用量增加而增加,以有机肥配比45%、施用化肥的草炭∶秸秆为1∶1处理最大为217.16mg/kg。在低有机肥用量条件下,相同基质配比的施化肥处理VC含量显著高于不施肥处理。小白菜产量与有机肥用量的关系:在草炭与玉米秸秆配比为1∶1条件下,小白菜产量随有机肥用量(最大配比为45%)增加而增加。[结论]综合各项指标,草炭与秸秆配比为2∶1有机肥配比15%的施用化肥处理最优。     

南北主食差异对家庭食物浪费碳足迹的影响——来自CHNS的经验证据

减少食物浪费是保障粮食安全、缓解全球气候变暖的重要举措。基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)和中国食品生命周期评估数据库(CFLCAD),从南北主食差异这一视角出发,基于生命周期理论分析中国居民家庭的食物浪费碳足迹。研究发现,中国居民家庭人均日食物浪费碳足迹为62.255 g CO²eq。相比以小麦为主食的北方家庭(人均食物浪费碳足迹为53.704 g CO²eq/d),以大米为主食的南方家庭有着更高的人均食物浪费碳足迹(69.628 g CO²eq/d)。此外,显著影响家庭食物浪费碳足迹的还有户主年龄、主要女性成员年龄、主要女性成员受教育年限、家庭人口规模与结构、收入水平、储藏条件和膳食知识、家庭类型等变量。     

温室芹菜有机肥与化肥配比试验研究初报

研究了田间试验条件下有机N与无机N不同配比对温室芹菜生产的影响。结果表明 :随无机N施用比例增加 ,硝酸盐含量明显增加 ,生产NO-3 N含量≤ 785mg/kg绿色芹菜 ,无机N施用比例应≤ 40 9% ;从营养品质角度考虑 ,无机N施用比例宜选择 5 0 % ;最高产量的有机N与无机N所占比例应分别为 40 5 %和 5 9 5 % ;产量相对较高 ,经济效益最佳的有机N与无机N所占比例应分别为 5 9 1 %和 40 9%。     

几种有机物料对连作黄瓜生长的影响

将有机物料稻草、猪粪、锯木屑按 0 .5 %、1%和 2 %用量施入已产生连作障碍的土壤 ,盆钵试验结果表明在连作黄瓜的不同生育期即 3叶期、5叶期和 7叶期 ,0 .5 %～ 2 %用量猪粪及 0 .5 %用量稻草能促进连作黄瓜生长 ,植株的株高、最大叶面积和干物重增加 ;而锯木屑和高用量稻草处理抑制连作黄瓜生长 ,植株的株高、最大叶面积和干物重均相应降低     

Food safety inspection and the adoption of traceability in aquatic wholesale markets:A game-theoretic model and empirical evidence

Supply chain traceability is key to reduce food safety risks, since it allows problems to be traced to their sources. Moreover, it allows regulatory agencies to understand where risk is introduced into the supply chain, and offers a major disincentive for upstream agricultural businesses engaging in economically motivated adulteration. This paper focuses on the aquatic supply chain in China, and seeks to understand the adoption of traceability both through an analytical model, and empirical analysis based on data collected through an extensive(largest ever) field survey of Chinese aquatic wholesale markets. The field survey includes 76 managers and 753 vendors, covering all aquatic wholesale markets in Zhejiang and Hunan provinces. The analytical and empirical results suggest that the adoption of traceability among wholesale market vendors is significantly associated with inspection intensity, their individual history of food safety problems, and their risk awareness. The effect of inspection intensity on traceability adoption is stronger in markets which are privately owned than in markets with state/collective ownership. The analysis offers insights into the current state of traceability in China. More importantly, it suggests several hypothesized factors that might affect the adoption of traceability and could be leveraged by regulatory organizations to improve it.     

"好地方"绿色食品柑桔品质影响因素及果实质量评价研究

对“好地方”牌绿色食品柑桔的生长状况、气象、土壤等环境因素对果实质量的影响进行了较系统的研究。结果表明：柑桔树体生长良好,东江库区的气象、土壤环境适宜柑桔生长发育,果实品质优异,卫生检测结果符合绿色食品标准。获得绿色食品证号为ＬＢ－０７－９８００１１８３３６１的国家论证。     

粮食危机事件中的地方社会——以宣统二年南陵遏粜事件为例

宣统二年,南陵因大水导致民食短缺,并由此引发以争议遏粜为核心的粮食危机事件,包括饥民抢米,民众拦截米船,士绅的弛禁、严禁之争,商人反对封禁和罢市等。事件中,地方官府、缺食民众、商人和士绅等社会各界纷纷参与,他们从各自利益考量,就是否遏粜提出各自诉求。这一事件较为集中地反映了清末统治者社会调控能力的弱化,也反映了清末安徽地方社会事务中,民、官、商、绅等阶层在社会转型时期的势力变迁。