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免疫组织化学技术是通过利用抗原抗体特异结合的原理,把相关的物质标记在抗体上,来表示复合物的存在和状态。伴随着我国科学技术的全面发展,免疫组织化学技术已经广泛应用到兽医的诊断过程中。免疫组织化学技术应用的范围非常广泛,主要包括对病原体的检测、定位、动态分布,以及新病原体的发现和对固定组织的研究,是现代兽医诊断中的主要技术手段之一。该文通过查询大量的中外文献,就免疫组织化学技术在兽医诊断中的应用进行分析。 相似文献
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探讨5-溴-2-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine,BrdU)标记内蒙古绒山羊皮肤组织的可行性及免疫组织化学检测的最优条件。通过对试验组绒山羊颈部静脉注射BrdU,活体背部皮肤采样,4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,切片,利用免疫组织化学技术检测切片中是否有阳性细胞分布;通过试验BrdU不同注射剂量、生物素标记的第二抗体和链霉菌抗生物素-过氧化物酶各自稀释度、抗原修复方式及DNA变性温度对BrdU标记结果的影响,以寻求免疫组织化学检测的最佳条件。观察发现抗BrdU单克隆抗体处理的试验组皮肤组织切片中均有红色BrdU阳性细胞分布;未经BrdU标记的对照组动物同部位组织切片和以PBS代替抗BrdU单克隆抗体处理的试验组皮肤组织切片中均未见BrdU阳性细胞。BrdU适于内蒙古绒山羊活体标记;2 mol/L HCl 37 ℃变性30 min,胰蛋白酶37 ℃修复30 min,生物素标记的第二抗体和链霉菌抗生物素-过氧化物酶的稀释度均为1︰100时,免疫组织化学检测结果最佳。 相似文献
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自从1971年Faulk与Taylor创立胶体金标记技术以来,胶体金被引入免疫化学中,成为继荧光标记、酶标记和放射性免疫标记之后的又一种新型的免疫标记技术。目前该技术在医学快速检验中的应用主要是用于妊娠检测、病原体抗原或抗体检测、药物滥用检测、疾病相关蛋白检测等。该技术在动物疫病诊断方面的应用虽然起步较晚,但发展迅速。其中,免疫胶体金层析技术已成为当今兽医快速检测中最快速敏感的免疫学检测技术之一。 相似文献
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胶体金免疫层析试纸条是一种常用的检测方法,广泛应用于疾病诊断、生物毒素检测等领域。该技术基于胶体金标记的特异性抗原(抗体)与待检样品中的目标分子相互作用,在试纸条上形成可见的测试线或信号变化。其流程包括样品预处理、标记抗体制备、试纸条组装步骤。胶体金免疫层析试纸条可以用于快速检测食品中的毒素残留、环境中的有害物质以及临床诊断中的相关指标。该技术具有无创、快速、灵敏和准确的特点,在临床应急检测和大规模筛查中能快速获得结果。文章总结了胶体金免疫层析试纸条技术及其在生物毒素检测中的研究进展,并分析了当前胶体金免疫层析试纸条技术的优缺点,展望了该技术在生物毒素检测领域的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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免疫学在兽医中侧重于免疫血清学诊断和免疫防治。在疾病的诊治中更是依靠免疫学诊断技术快速、准确地诊断出传染病病原和传播途径,对于传染病的预防控制尤为重要。免疫学检测即是根据抗原、抗体反应的原理,利用已知的抗原检测未知的抗体,或是利用已知的抗体检测未知的抗原。由于外源性和内源性抗原均可通过不同的抗原递呈途径诱导生物机体的免疫应答,在生物体内产生生物T细胞的克隆扩增和效应增强,并分泌特异性的免疫球蛋白-抗体。由于抗原抗体结合具有特异性和专一性的特点,这种检测可以定性、定位、定量地检测某一特异的抗原或抗体。 相似文献
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免疫荧光检测技术及其在寄生虫检测中的应用进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
免疫荧光技术(immunofluorescence technique)是在生物化学、显微镜技术和免疫学基础上发展起来的一项检测技术,是用荧光标记的抗体或抗原与被检样品中相应的抗原或抗体结合,在显微镜下检测荧光,并对样品进行分析的方法。它把显微镜技术的精确性和免疫学检测的特异性、敏感性有机地结合在一起。这一方法的特点是特异性强、灵敏度高。作为一种快速诊断方法,目前广泛应用于病毒、细菌病的诊断,也是许多动物寄生虫病(如弓形虫病)的常规诊断方法。随着标记抗体、抗原的普及,免疫荧光技术在寄生虫病诊断方面的应用将更加广泛。 相似文献
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兽药、农药及生物毒素等小分子化学物质在食品、饲料或水体中的过量残留对人、动物的健康及生态环境的平衡造成一定程度的危害,因此建立一种针对上述小分子化学物质残留的快速检测方法十分必要。以抗原抗体特异性结合为基础的免疫分析技术是残留检测的常用手段,该技术的关键是制备可用来检测特异性抗原的抗体。随着对抗体结构的解析及重组DNA技术的发展,单链抗体为小分子化学物质的残留检测提供了新的技术手段。单链抗体具有分子质量小、免疫原性低、可塑性强、可批量生产等优点,具有广阔的发展空间。近年来,以单链抗体为基础建立的酶联免疫吸附法检测小分子化学物质的残留检测成为最常用的分析工具,且单链抗体的筛选策略、表达策略、突变策略及与碱性磷酸酶形成的融合蛋白等进一步提高了抗体产量、灵敏度、广谱性,并使免疫分析方法简便化,从而推进单链抗体免疫分析方法在小分子化学物质残留检测的应用。作者综述了以单链抗体为基础的免疫分析方法在兽药、农药及生物毒素等小分子化学物质方面的研究进展,以期为小分子化学物质残留检测提供参考。 相似文献
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为了有效检测净化奶山羊布鲁氏菌病群体,加快奶山羊产业健康稳步发展。本文采用布鲁氏菌病抗原与抗体双检测方法对陕西某奶山羊场进行了检测分析。结果表明,在某奶山羊场引入羊时,采用抗体单一检测发现全群228只羊感染了36只,感染率达到15.79%,发现感染后对本群感染羊进行了无害化处理和圈舍清洗消毒,3个月后对剩余的192只羊有进行了一次全群检测,结果检测出18只阳性羊,与上一次的净化方式一样处理后,同样又在3个月后对剩余的174只羊采用抗原与抗体双检测方法,布病抗体检测卡检测出8只羊,布病抗原检测卡检测出10只羊,而且用布病抗体检测卡和布病抗原检测卡检测出来的羊只编号完全不同,3个月后对剩余的156只羊进行同样的方法进行检测,结果仅检查出1只阳性羊,6个月后对剩余的155只羊进行同样的方法进行检测,未发现布病阳性羊只。利用抗原与抗体双检测继续在3个月、6个月进行检测均未发现阳性羊只。本试验得出结论,相比于抗体单一的布鲁氏菌病检测法,抗原抗体共同使用的检测方法布病阳性率明显的降低,且能短期内达到预期净化的效果,说明双抗使用在羊布鲁氏菌病检测中效果更好,更具有推广使用的意义。 相似文献
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D Christensson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1986,27(2):296-298
The indirect fluorescent antibody (IF) test is often performed on glass slides prepared with smears or tissue sections containing an antigen. It is convenient to have several separate and distinct areas of antigen on the same slide, e.g. to compare dilution steps, and to save time when producing the antigen slides. With this end in view a technique for preparing slides with wells in a thin film of teflon-like compound has been elaborated (Goldman 1968). This technique is useful when a great number of slides need to be prepared in advance, e.g. to test a substantial amount of material. It has, however, not been widely used im serology for Babesia, perhaps because any teflon remaining within the wells is stained with the fluorescent dye, thus creating a potentially disturbing background. 相似文献
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D B Snyder 《Avian diseases》1986,30(1):19-23
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the serologic detection of both antigen and antibody in monitoring programs of commercial poultry flocks have begun to be recognized as an improvement over more conventional diagnostic procedures. The feasibility of employing double-antibody sandwich assays for the detection of virus without prior isolation of virus has been demonstrated and shows promise as the method of choice for the detection of lymphoid leukosis virus shedding. The versatility of indirect ELISA for the measurement of antibody induced by a wide variety of potential pathogens using a single basic overlapping ELISA system has also been demonstrated. It shows potential as a likely candidate to replace some of the more costly and time-consuming or less sensitive conventional serologic methods that do not overlap. Although some aspects of the two major types of immunoassays currently used in poultry health may need some modifications or improvements before delivery for routine use, it is likely that the use of computer-assisted ELISA will gain increased acceptance and use as the preferred way to efficiently and accurately monitor the health of poultry flocks on a broad scale. 相似文献
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The application of the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of avian influenza. 下载免费PDF全文
The application of the soluble antigen fluorescent test as a tool for serological investigation of influenza type A infection in wild birds was studied. The soluble antigen fluorescent antibody test is basically an indirect fluorescent antibody test except that an artificial matrix of cellulose acetate discs is used as a substrate for antigen and the test results are scanned and recorded by a fluorometer. THe influenza type A soluble antigen fluorescent antibody was obtained from concentrated and detergent disrupted virus particles, absorbed onto cellulose acetate discs. Anti-influenza sera were prepared in pheasants and ducks to A/turkey/Ontario/6118/67 and in pigeons to A/turkey/Ontario/6213/68. The antigen-antibody complex was detected by specific staining with monovalent or polyvalent fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated rabbit anti-avian immunoglobulins. The soluble antigen fluorescent antibody test is a sensitive technique for the detection of specific influenza A antibodies in several avian species, and could be adapted for use in large scale surveys. 相似文献
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Enzyme immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed tissues for diagnosis in veterinary pathology 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Haines DM Clark EG 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1991,32(5):295-302
Disease diagnosis often relies on the detection of specific antigens in tissue specimens. Enzyme-based immunohistochemical stains of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues may be used to identify antigens associated with viral, bacterial and protozoal microorganisms, autoimmunity, and neoplasia. The detection of antigens in routinely fixed tissues offers several advantages over other diagnostic techniques. Sample submission is convenient and facilitates safe handling of potential human pathogens. Retrospective studies of stored specimens are possible. The technique is relatively rapid and enables detection of nonviable microorganisms. In addition, the ability to detect antigens in fixed specimens allows simultaneous visualization of the antigen and the histological lesion which may enhance the accuracy of diagnosis. 相似文献
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The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific antibodies to Sarcocystis sp. A set of 275 ovine blood samples was examined by both reactions. Cystozoites of Sarcocystis gigantea were used as the corpuscular antigen for the IFAT. For the diagnostics of sarcocystosis by the ELISA technique used the sandwich test of the antibody titration with a soluble antigen which was also prepared from S. gigantea macrocysts. Our studies confirmed that this antigen did not cross-react with Toxoplasma gondii. Titre 40 was determined as the limit one for the IFAT and titre 80 for the ELISA; which was confirmed by the direct detection of cysts in the muscles (Svobodová, 1989). The results of both methods are shown in Table I. 76.7% of the blood samples reacted positively in the IFAT and 83.6% in the ELISA. These methods were found to be suitable and can be utilized for the intravital routine diagnostics. 相似文献