用于粮蔬生产的超低功耗有源RFID传感标签及系统设计

为了显著降低有源RFID温湿度传感标签的功耗,并构成监测系统,用于蔬菜大棚和粮仓的温湿度监控。提出了采用射频SOC芯片nRF24LE1和数字温湿度传感器SHT15构成电子标签,进行超低功耗设计,实现温湿度的检测和发送;采用nRF24L01和MSP430单片机构成阅读器和控制器,实现数据的传输、处理以及控制;系统由无线传输和RS485通信方式构成三层网络结构,构建灵活、成本低和运行可靠。     

基于植入式RFID感温芯片的猪体温与饮水监测系统

为了实现猪体温和饮水行为的协同感知和联合数据采集,针对传统体温测量效率低、饮水量监测不准、数据可用性差的问题,将植入式RFID温度芯片应用于集中式圈舍养殖中猪体温的测量,将水流量传感器用于猪饮水行为的监测,两者配合可以实现猪身份识别码(ID)、体温和饮水行为的协同感知和联合数据采集。根据猪用自动饮水碗的结构和饮水时的场景,设计了集水流量传感器、RFID阅读器和Zig Bee模块于一体的无线监控节点,开发了在猪只饮水的同时自动进行体温测量的监测系统。对芯片植入深度、体温变化和饮水行为的监测分别设计了不同的试验,结果表明:该系统可以实现对猪只不同深度体表温度、不同饮水时长和饮水量的自动监测,3种数据的自动关联和同时采集,可为猪病早期预警和诊断提供技术支撑。该系统有效避免了人工操作失误,提高了工作效率,可以满足集中式养猪场的精细化管理要求。     

基于3G通信的粮库温湿度远程预警系统

为保证粮食在储藏过程中的品质,提高自动化管理程度,本文设计了一种基于3G通信的粮库温湿度远程预警系统。该系统分别采用CC2430芯片及JN5121芯片进行设计温、湿度采集节点与终端节点,实现数据远程传输;利用Visual C++开发监控软件,实现温、湿度存储与显示,同时结合3G通信模块实现数据转发,便于用户及时处理,在一定程度上实现粮库温、湿度远程预警。     

便携式智能流速仪的研制

系统以单片机89C52为核心控制器，以大规模先进电子元器件为基础，运用新的设计思想等研制而成。该仪器具有多种测量方式、存储数据最大（应用动态存储技术）、多路监视等优点；充分利用FPGA芯片支持在线编程、资源丰富、性能稳定等优越性能。应用中断方式采集数据，实现了数据的实时检测及处理的要求，提高了采集数据的频率。     

基于RFID与ZigBee的羊场养殖信息管理系统

为了选育性状优良的羊进入核心种群,将RFID射频识别、ZigBee无线通信与ARM嵌入式技术相结合,研制了一套羊场养殖信息管理手持终端。手持终端包括基于S3C6410处理器的ARM核心板、125 kHz RFID阅读器、基于CC2530芯片的ZigBee无线通信模块以及多功能底板。软件开发过程中,构建了包含设备驱动的Linux系统环境,利用Qt/Embedded的信号/槽机制实时接收RFID数据,基于OSAL操作系统的ZigBee2007协议栈实现ARM与ZigBee网络之间的通信,在Qt中设计触摸屏图形界面以及串口通信、通信指令、软键盘、蜂鸣器、中文显示等后台程序,具有日常管理、育种管理及疫病管理等模块功能。现场测试结果表明,手持终端能够实时采集、录入、存储、拷贝、查询养殖信息并通过ZigBee无线网络与上位机通信,可满足羊场信息化管理的需要。     

一种采用无线数据传输方式的储粮仓群测温系统

基于无线收发芯片和1-Wire总线数字温度传感器,实现了可进行无线数据传输的大型储粮仓群温度监测系统。该系统包括主机和信号采集分机,主机负责管理每个粮仓的温度信号采集分机,定时或根据操作者指令向分机发出数据传输指令,各个粮仓分机根据收到的指令进行温度数据的传输。该系统在继承了全数字粮仓测温系统硬件结构简单、安装及维修方便等优点的基础上,实现了测温数据的无线传输,适于在大型分散式储粮仓群以及不便于布线的粮库中应用。     

基于ZigBee网络的节水灌溉自动控制系统研究

针对农田环境的特点,介绍了一种基于ZigBee技术的开发,并在此基础上研制了实时在线监控的自动节水灌溉系统。通过无线移动网络(TD-SCDMA)和INTERNET的连接,实现数据远程传输至数据库服务器。远程监控中心下达命令唤醒子站,子站响应命令采集数据并传送到远程监控中心,从而指导灌溉。从硬件和软件方面描述了系统的设计及实现方法。实际应用表明:系统工作性能稳定,数据传输可靠,基本达到了设计要求。     

基于传感标签技术的粮仓多参数监测系统设计

文章提出一种基于RFID传感标签技术实现粮情主要参数无线跟踪监测的新方法,设计一种由有源电子标签和温湿度传感器单元组成的RFID传感标签,集温湿度信号探测和无线发送功能于一体;然后通过多级读写器构建网络通信系统,将传感标签采集到的数据逐级传送给控制中心,控制命令亦通过多级读写器逐级发送给传感标签,实现对粮仓主要参数的无线跟踪监测。     

基于ARM的电能数据采集终端的设计

基于ARM和嵌入式Linux系统的电能数据采集终端,通过与主站进行数据信息交互,并与电能表进行通信,进而实现电能数据的智能化采集与管理。简要阐述了终端的功能、硬件的构成以及软件的设计。终端以ARM9架构的AT91SAM9G20芯片作为微处理器,同时采用Linux多线程技术,能够对电能数据进行实时自动采集与管理。     

微机交流采样系统的研制

交流电量测量是水电站自动化中的基本环节。文章作者在湖南省嘉禾县调塘水电站实现微机监控系统中研制了基于8098单片机的交流采样,通过初步调试证明:用微机来直接采集交流电量可使系统结构得以简化,采集数据稳定性及精度均较高,便于现场调试,可以充分利用8098芯片的功能,满足中小型电站测量要求,具有实用价值。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。