合成松油有效成分在铁矿浮选中的协同作用研究

对合成松油和商品松油试样中的各种优势组分进行了GC-MS定性和定量分析.通过试样对铁矿的浮选实验研究,揭示了松油中各组分对浮选的起泡作用;确定了桉叶素类和一元醇类组分均为浮选起泡剂的有效成分,二者中的各组分表现出较好的协同作用;当桉叶素类和一元醇类组分的质量比值在0.39～1.0之间时,其浮选协同作用最好,浮选效果优于目前工业上使用的商品松油.     

白千层油生化类型的研究

通过对连续2 a以上未经砍伐的243株从澳大利亚引进的白千层枝叶进行精油含量和成分测定,结果表明澳洲白千层油有4-松油醇型、1,8-桉叶素型和4-松油醇-1,8-桉叶素混合型3种生化类型,同时也得到了白千层初选优株的依据.其中4-松油醇型初选依据为:小于1 cm的枝叶含油率大于1.60％,精油中4-松油醇含量大于38.8％,1,8-桉叶素含量小于3.0％;1,8-按叶素型初选依据为:小于1 cm的枝叶含油率大于2.60％,精油中1,8-桉叶素含量大于66.6％.     

酸功能化离子液体磺烷基咪唑磷酸盐催化合成乙酸松油酯的研究

制备、表征了酸功能化离子液体1-（3-磺酸）丙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐（（HSO，-pmim）H2PO4），并用于催化合成乙酸松油酯的反应研究，考察了反应时间、反应温度、原料配比、催化荆用量等因素对反应的影响。在松油醇5．1g、n（松油醇）：n（乙酸酐）1：1．5、离子液体1．5g、反应温度40℃、反应时间8h的工艺条件下，松油醇转化率为100％，乙酸松油酯的选择性为87．2％；并对离子液体（HSO3-pmim）H2PO4的重复使用性能进行了考察，离子液体在不经处理直接重复使用6次后，松油醇的转化率为99．4％，乙酸松油酯的选择性为88．6％，具有较好的重复使用性能。     

纳米固体超强酸催化合成乙酸松油酯的研究

研究了纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2催化松油醇乙酰化反应。通过正交试验得出反应的最佳工艺条件：反应温度50℃，反应时间5h，催化剂用量3％，乙酐和松油醇摩尔比(酐醇比)为1．3：1。在此条件下进行稳定性实验，产物中总酯的含量为92．79％，主要副产物柠檬烯和异松油烯的含量为5．27％，松油醇的转化率100％；催化剂的活性和选择性都优于普通固体超强酸，而且可重复使用5次。     

松油醇生产中副产物化学组成及分离利用的研究

用ＧＣ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ方法研究了同醇副产物的化学组成，鉴定其主要成分为α－蒎烯、莰烯、月桂烯、α－松油烯、双戊烯（柠檬烯）、１，８－桉叶油素、γ－萜品烯、萜品油烯等单萜类化合物以及少量的松油醇类。根据组成特点，对主要组分的分离技术及副产物气相脱氢芳化成对伞花烃的过程进行了研究 。     

α—蒎烯水合生产物的分离与提纯

根据α－蒎烯水合产物中的龙脑，异龙脑和α－松油醇在邻 苯二甲酸酐存在下发生酯化，脱水反应的选择性差异，可将三者大部分分离，提高优质龙脑和α－松油醇的得率。     

固体超强酸催化合成松油醇的研究

将ＳＯ４＾２－／ＳｎＯ２固体超强酸用于催化合成松油醇，显示出很高的催化活性；获得了ＳＯ４＾２－／ＳｎＯ２制备及松油醇合成的较好工艺条件：硫酸浓度为１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，焙烧温度５５０℃，焙烧时间３ｈ，催化剂用量为松节油重量的８％，一氯乙酸与松节油的摩尔比为１．０￣１．４：１，反应温度６０℃，反应时间８￣１２ｈ。ＳＯ４＾２－／ＳｎＯ２还具有良好的重复使用性能和再生效果。     

微波辐射下α-蒎烯与甲醇的加成反应

研究了微波辐射下α-蒎烯与甲醇的加成反应。将0．03mol的α-蒎烯、0．12mol甲醇、1．34mmol硫酸在功率70W的微波辐射下反应100min,主产物α-松油基甲醚的得率可达47．5％。选择性为44．7％．反应速率比加热回流条件下提高了近4倍,主产物的得率和选择性都有一定的提高。结果表明，微波辐射技术应用于α-松油基甲醚的合成．反应时间较短、产物得率较高．具有一定的应用价值。     

3种不同来源工业双戊烯的化学成分分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对樟脑、松油醇和杉木油这3种不同生产过程中产生的副产品工业双戊烯A、B、C的化学成分进行分析。结果表明:工业双戊烯A、B、C中已鉴定出相对质量分数大于0.1%的成分分别为27、29、33个,其相对质量分数总和分别为98.98%、98.12%、96.34%;3个工业双戊烯样品富含单萜烯类化合物,其组成特征与其来源关系密切,工业双戊烯B含有丰富的桉叶素,而工业双戊烯C中的开环萜烯类和芳香族类物质的含量较高;3个工业双戊烯样品可通过精馏单离出双戊烯、萜品油烯和对伞花烃等产品,还可经适当分离后用作对生产伞花烃原料;此外,工业双戊烯B可提取桉叶油素,工业双戊烯C可提取3,4-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯。     

固-液混合酸催化水合萜二醇合成松油醇的研究

采用负载型有机高分子固体酸和液体质子酸混合催化水合萜二醇脱水合成松油醇，总产率99％，松油醇选择性83％，产率74％以上，考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、醇水比等对松油醇产率的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件，为松油醇的工业生产提供条件。     

Effect of oil impregnation on water repellency,dimensional stability and mold susceptibility of thermally modified European aspen and downy birch wood

Conventional chemical wood preservatives have been banned or restricted in some applications due to human and animal toxicity and their adverse impact on the surrounding environment. New, low-environmental-impact wood treatments that still provide effective protection systems are needed to protect wood. Thermal modification of wood could reduce hygroscopicity, improve dimensional stability and enhance resistance to mold attack. The aim of this study was to investigate if these properties enhanced in thermally modified (TM) wood through treatments with oils. In this study, TM European aspen (Populus tremula) and downy birch (Betula pubescens) wood were impregnated with three different types of oil: water-miscible commercial Elit Träskydd (Beckers oil with propiconazole and 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, IPBC), a pine tar formulation and 100% tung oil. The properties of oil-impregnated wood investigated were water repellency, dimensional stability and mold susceptibility. The treated wood, especially with pine tar and tung oil, showed an increase in water repellency and dimensional stability. However, Beckers oil which contains biocides like propiconazole and IPBC showed better protection against mold compared with pine tar and tung oil. To enhance the dimensional stability of the wood, pine tar and tung oil can be used, but these oil treatments did not significantly improve mold resistance rather sometimes enhanced the mold growth, whereas a significant anti-mold effect was observed on Beckers oil treated samples.     

红松不同部位精油的成分分析及抑菌活性

[目的]植物精油是安全并有良好抑菌效果的天然产物,在食品防腐剂领域潜力巨大.本研究通过对红松不同部位精油成分与抑菌活性的研究,能为开发安全绿色的食品防腐剂及为其在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供理论基础.[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法从红松的松针、松塔、松壳中制备精油,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术结合保留指数(RI)...     

红松籽油有效成分功能评价

红松是分布于中国东北的珍贵树种,其种籽油中含有丰富的生物活性物质,对人体的生理活动具有重要的调节功能。为评价红松籽油的功效,本文就红松籽油对大鼠血脂的影响及其抗衰老功能进行了研究,对不同组的大鼠喂添加了不同含量的种籽油的饲料。将60只大鼠随机地分成五组(每组雌雄各半)。实验过程中,用松籽油处理的三个组的大鼠分别喂食含2.0g/(kgd-1),4.0g/(kgd-1)和8.0g/(kgd-1)剂量松籽油的饲料。用试剂盒法对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)以及抗氧化(AOC)等指标进行了测定。经研究发现松籽油可以降低血清甘油三酯含量,提高血清SOD和GSH-PX的活力。其中喂食4.0g/(kgd-1)剂量红松籽油的一组,其各项测定指标均达到显著水平;喂食8.0g/(kgd-1)剂量红松籽油的一组达到了极显著水平。结果表明,红松籽油具有调节血脂和抗衰老作用。图2表3参9。     

松材线虫病的MEP,MPP喷雾防治试验报告

试验表明,日本国配制的农药MEP乳剂,在松墨天牛羽他始期和高峰期各施1次,能使当年松树枯萎率下降到0．3％～0．7％,比对照组净降低8.4％～17．5％,具有推广使用价值;MPP油剂对枯死木内的松墨天牛羽化抑制作用不大,不能代替熏蒸剂推广使用。     

Functional evaluation for effective compositions in seed oil of Korean pine

The effect of seed oil of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) on the rats’ blood-fat and its anti-ageing function was studied for appraising the efficacy of the seed oil of Korean pine. Sixty experimental rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (half males and half females in each group) as normal control group, high fat diet control group, and three groups (Group 1 Group 2, Group 3) that were fed with feedstuff with the contents of the seed oil of 2.0g/(kg·d⁻¹), 4.0g/(kg·d⁻¹) and 8.0g/(kg·d⁻¹), respectively. The indexes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and anti-oxidation capacity (AOC) were measured by Reagent Kit method. It was found that the seed oil of the Korean pine could reduce the content of triglyceride and improve SOD as well as GSH-PX activity in serum. These indexes of the rats in Group 2 fed with Korean pine seed oil of 4.0 g/(kg·d⁻¹) reached the significant level and those of rats in Group 3 fed with the seed oil of 8.0 g/(kg·d⁻¹) reached the extremely significant level. The results indicated the seed oil of Korean pine had function of regulating the level of blood-fat and anti-ageing. Biography: WANG Zhen-yu (1957-), male, Prof. in Forestry College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

松根轻油系列产品的开发探讨

测定了闽西山区松根轻油的程度－组成曲线，对松根轻油进行了脱色脱臭处理，从中可得到脂松节油，木松节油，服选油、２００＾＃溶剂油和轻柴油。     

薄皮马尾松调查研究初报

对湖北省宜昌地区的薄皮马尾松进行调查研究表明,薄皮马尾松在形态特征、解刮结构及木材物理力学性质等诸方面,都与普通马尾松存在较大差异,可认为是马尾松的一个变种。它生长快、树干通直、材质好,比普通马尾松具有更为优良的性状和更高的经济价值,且具有较稳定的遗传性状。经进行PCA分析,证明其皮薄具有独特效应,是优良的松树种质资源,应予引起足够的重视,加强保护和开发利用。     

秦岭松栎林带生物量及其营养元素分布特征

秦岭脱齿栎林、油松林和华山林（包括０－６０cm土层）营养元素总贮量达２９．２５００－３９０．１７３９t.hm^-2，其大小为锐齿栎林＞华山松＞油松林，土壤中营养现贮量占系统总量的９３．１０％－９９．３９％，植被层和凋落物层仅占０．５７％－３．００％和０．１０％－１．９９％；３林分乔木层生物量、木材蓄积量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为１２０．４８３t.hm^-2,129.384m^3.hm^-2和１２２６．９kg.hm^-2，锐齿栎林＞油松林＞华山松林。３林分林下植被层生物量现存量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为１．５５３t.hm^-2和５３．１kg.hm^-2，锐齿栎林最大，华山松林最小。林下凋落物现存量和营养元素积量平均值分别为１７．４７５t.hm^-2和５０２．５kg.hm^-2，３林分凋落物现存量、营养元素含量及其积累量都存在明显的差异。锐齿栎林、油松林和华山松林营养元素年吸收量、归还量、存留量和平均归还率分别为３３．４、１４７．２和２６４．３，１９５．６、６６．９和８４．１，１３８．８、８０．４和１８０．２kg.hm^-2和０．５８５、０４５４和０．３１８，３林分各营养元素的年吸收量，归还量和存留量也存在一定的差异，锐齿栎林干和皮中Ｃa和Ｍg含量远远高于油松林和华山松林的，锐齿栎林多代连作势必导致营养元素的大量流失，特别是Ｃa和Ｍg，会破坏土壤原有离子动态平衡，引起林地土壤理化性质改变，林地生产潜力逐渐下降。     

The effects of species mixture on the growth and yield of mid-rotation mixed stands of Scots pine and silver birch

The effect of tree species mixture on stand volume yield and on tree-species-specific diameter and height growth rates were analysed in managed mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Ehrn.).Data were obtained from 14 repeatedly measured stands located in Southern Finland on mineral soil sites with varying admixture of Scots pine and silver birch. Statistical analysis was carried out for studying the effect of species mixture on the development of stand characteristics. For the analysis, the plots were categorised into three groups (plot types) according to the species dominance. In order to analyse species-specific growth rates, individual-tree mixed linear growth models for tree diameter and height growth were developed for both tree species.The results clearly show that the yield of the managed mid-rotation, mixed stands was greater for stands dominated by Scots pine than for stands dominated by birch, and the stand volume increment decreased with an increasing proportion of silver birch. Analysis of diameter and height growth by tree species revealed that the main reason for this pattern is the negative impact of birch competition on the growth of pine trees. The increase in diameter of pine was clearly hampered if the proportion of birch was high. An abundance of birch also slightly decreased the growth in height of Scots pine, although the effect was less than on diameter growth. Species mixture did not affect the diameter growth of birch but did have a significant effect on height development. Height growth of birch was considerably greater in pine-dominated stands than in birch-dominated stands. In pine-dominated mixed stands, the height growth of birch was quite close to that of dominant pine trees, and birches can endure in competition with pines for light.The results apply for even-aged and single-storey managed stands, where stocking density and structure are controlled with pre-commercial and commercial thinnings. The results are not applicable to unmanaged mixed stands undergoing self-thinning. This study provides new information on mixed stands from a silvicultural perspective, which can be applied in decisions involving the management of mixed stands.     

增加林木的纤维素生产和转基因树的生长(英文)

纤维素是植物组成中的重要多聚物。纤维素也是重要的工业原料和可再生的能源物质。利用转基因技术可以降低林木中木质素含量并增加纤维素含量。木质素合成酶基因4-CL是一个重要的和木材再生有关的基因。在我们的研究中,将利用反义表达方法降低木质素含量,增加纤维素含量。研究包括:D4-CL基因的分离;转基因植物的生产;纤维素和木质素含量分析;中试。参69。