An abattoir study on hepatic tumors of sheep

The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and age distribution of hepatic tumors of sheep as well as study of their histopathologic characteristics. For this purpose, 3000 slaughtered sheep, consisting of 284 rams with approximate age of 7 to 20 months and 2716 ewes with approximate age of 3 to 7 years, were inspected during a routine postmortem examination. This study was conducted at Tabriz abattoir in the East Azerbaijan province of Iran, in a course of 8 months from March to November 2006. In this survey, two livers were encountered tumoral. Representative sections of the tumors were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Gross and microscopic features of these tumors supported diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma for a seven-years-old crossbreed ewe and a five-years-old native breed ewe respectively. In this survey, 0.074% of slaughtered ewes had hepatic neoplasia. That is, the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma in aged ewes was equally 0.037% in this study.     

Rapid urease test, touch cytology and histopathologic assessment in determining infection by Helicobacter pylori in outpatient setting

Helicobacterpylori (HP) is a common cause of gastric infection with serious consequences which is detected by different methods. This study aimed at comparing the diagnostic value of Rapid Urease Test (RUT), Touch Cytology (TC) and histopathologic assessment in outpatients setting. In this cross-sectional study, 51 candidates for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were recruited in Tabriz Imam Khomeini Teaching Centre in a 24 month period of time. Three biopsy specimens were obtained from gastric antrum during endoscopic intervention. The RUT, TC and histopathologic assessment were performed on each biopsy specimen in each patient. Definite infection by HP was considered when at least 2 out of 3 tests indicated presence of infection. Fifty one patients, 29 females and 22 males with a mean age of 40.10 +/- 12.54 (range: 18-72) years enrolled in this study. Infection by HP was definite in 41 cases (80.4%). The infection rates by RUT, TC and histopathologic examination were 82.4, 82.4 and 76.5%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of RUT, TC and histopathologic assessment were 92.7, 60 and 66.75%; 100, 90 and 98% and 95.1, 100 and 96.1%, respectively. There were significant agreements between outcomes of the three methods in diagnosis of infection by HP. In conclusion, TC was the most sensitive and histopathologic assessment was the most specific method in diagnosis of infection by HP in outpatient setting. The diagnostic value of RUT was rather low in this regard.     

Endoscopic findings and Helicobacter pylori in children on long-term hemodialysis

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of GI symptoms, endoscopic abnormalities, histologic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in children with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Upper endoscopy and gastric biopsy were performed in 31 consecutive ESRD children from 2002-2007, before renal transplantation. H. pylori status was determined by urease test and histology. The mean age of patients was 11 +/- 3.3 years (4-16 year). The mean duration of dialysis was 12.4 +/- 11 months (1.5-54 months). Seventeen patients (54.8%) were symptomatic. Twenty patients (64.5%) had endoscopic abnormalities. Antral erythema, esophagitis, antral nodularity and diffuse gastritis were common endoscopic findings. Endoscopic abnormalities were more common in symptomatic patients than asymptomatic patients (p < 0.05). Twenty patients (64.5%) were H. pylori positive. There was no statistical correlation between age, sex, serum creatinine level, presence of any symptoms and endoscopic abnormalities with H. pylori positivity. The mean duration of dialysis in H. pylori negative patients was significantly longer in comparison with H. pylori positive patients. High prevalence of eodoscopic abnormalities and H. pylori infection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients emphasize the necessity of upper GI evaluation in ESRD children before renal transplantation.     

AO tubular external fixation vs. unreamed intramedullary nailing in open grade IIIA-IIIB tibial shaft fractures: a single-center randomized clinical trial

Although the intramedullary nailing is thought to be the method of choice for treatment of closed tibial shaft, there is ongoing debate on the optimal surgical approach in patients with open types of these fractures. In addition, choosing between the reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing is still an issue for the orthopedic surgeons. In present study, we aimed to compare the outcome and consequences of OA tubular external fixation vs. unreamed intramedullary nailing in open grade IIIA-IIIB tibial shaft fractures. In a randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with open tibial shaft fractures (grades IIIA-IIIB) were recruited in Tabriz Shohada teaching centre in a 2-year period of time. They randomized in two equal groups underwent either AO tubular external fixation or unreamed intramedullary nailing. These 2 groups were matched for sex, age and fracture-grade. The follow-up time was one year. Union time, surgical outcome, postoperative complications and the ambulation time were compared between the two groups. Twenty five patients, 20 males and 5 females with a mean age of 30.80 +/- 5.24 years were allocated in unreamed intramedullary group and 25 other patients, 22 males and 3 females with a mean age of 28.92 +/- 8.88 years were studied in the external fixation group (p = 0.70 and 0.37, respectively). The two groups were matched for sex (p = 0.70) and age (p = 0.37). The time of union was 3, 4, 5 and 6 < or = weeks after operation in 28, 12, 32 and 28% of the cases in unreamed intramedullary group vs. 4, 12, 48 and 36% of the cases in external fixation group, respectively (p = 0.14). Post-operative infection, soft tissue injury, malunion and nonunion were documented in 16, 8, 0 and 4% of the cases in unreamed intramedullary group vs. 32, 12, 24 and 8% of the cases in external fixation group, respectively (p = 0.19, 0.50, 0.02 and 0.50, respectively). The mean ambulation time after operation was 2.92 +/- 2.43 weeks in the unreamed intramedullary nailing group vs. 2.68 +/- 2.14 weeks in the external fixation group (p = 0.71). Our results are in favor of unreamed intramedullary nailing against external fixation in treatment of open tibial shaft fractures.     

Comparison study of therapeutic results of closed tibial shaft fracture with intramedullary nails inserted with and without reaming

Tibia fractures are the most common type of long bone fractures in US. This study aimed at comparing the therapeutic results of closed tibial shaft fracture with intramedullary nails inserted with and without reaming. In this randomized clinical trial study, 60 patients with a fracture of the tibia were examined. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty patients treated through inserting intramedullary nail with reaming technique (group A). The other 30 patients treated through inserting intramedullary nail without reaming technique (group B). After operation physical examination and control radiography were taken up to 6 month and results were compared. Sixty patients suffering from closed tibial diaphysis fractures were studied. Mean age of the group A and B were 40.24 +/- 12.32 and 38.42 +/- 14.28, respectively. Group A consisted of 24 (80%) males and 6 (20%) females while group B consisted of 24% females and 76% males. Considering fracture based on OTA criteria (p = 0.4) and severity of soft tissue damage based on Tscherne classification (p = 0.6), there was no statistically meaningful difference between groups A and B. The study demonstrated that degree of horizontal displacement, mean time of surgery, post-operation infection, organ shortness at the end of the follow-up period, organ deviation in patients of the group A was significantly more than that of the group B. Time required for callus formation (mean time of union), mean time of full weight bearing time and mean time of return to normal activities in group B was significantly more than that of the group A.     

Human papillomavirus infection in lung vs. oral squamous cell carcinomas: a polymerase chain reaction study

The role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has been suspected in pathogenesis of various malignancies; however, the available data are not conclusive. This study aimed to determine and compare the frequency of HPV infection in oral and lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) by a sensitive method. Sixty specimens of oral and lung SCC (30 cases each one) were reevaluated in Tabriz Imam Reza Centre in a 24 month period. Following genomic DNA extract, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification was performed in presence of specific MY11 and MY09 primers for HPV infection. Three cervical specimens and a combination of PCR solution lacking DNA plus healthy persons' DNA samples were employed as positive and negative controls, respectively. The oral group was significantly older than the lung group (68.90 vs. 56.67 y, p < 0.001) with more males in the latter (83.3 vs. 60%; p = 0.04). Percentages of HPV infection in the oral and lung groups were comparable (20 vs. 10%, respectively; p = 0.47). Majority of patients with HPV infection were older than 60 years (88.9%) or male (88.9%). In the oral group, all these cases were well differentiated and the majority was of lower lip origin (83.3%). In the lung group, 66.7% of these specimens were moderately differentiated and the origin was bronchus in all cases. In conclusion, the rate of HPV infection in lung and oral SCC samples is rather lower than the previous reports in the literature. This rate is apparently higher in the oral than the lung SCC specimens.     

Characteristics of adult outpatients with erythema multiforme

Erythema Multiforme (EM) is a type of allergic reaction that occurs in response to medications, infections, or different illnesses. In many cases, a definite underlying cause may not be identified. This study aimed to evaluate adult EM outpatients with regard to patients' characteristics, the disease and the underlying contributors. In this cross-sectional study, 61 adult EA outpatients referred to the Dermatology Clinic of Tabriz Sina Hospital were recruited during a 12-month period (January 2009-January 2010). The diagnosis was made based on clinical and morphologic grounds. Age, sex, types of EA, location and type of the lesions and the underlying causes were documents. An infectious etiology was suspected when a preceding illness was noticed without drug ingestion within 1 week prior to the onset of the rash. A drug related to the condition was defined as every drug that has been taken during 21 days prior to the onset of any symptoms. There were 34 males and 27 females with a mean age of 26.8 +/- 15.3 (18-57) years enrolled. The EM was minor in 62.3% and major in 37.7% of patients. The upper limb was involved in all patients. The lesions were maculo-papular, vesiculobullous and bullous in 83.6, 13.1 and 3.3% cases, respectively. Drugs and herpes simplex were the main causes in 49.2 and 16.4% of patients, respectively. The disease was idiopathic in 34.4%. The underlying drugs were sulfonamides in 12 cases (19.7%), penicillin in 5 cases (8.2%), salicylic acid, aspirin, cimetidine and amoxicillin each one in 3 cases (4.9%) and barbiturate in 1 case (1.6%). Five cases (8.2%) were recurrent EM including 4 males and 1 female, 3 idiopathic and 2 cases due to sulfonamides.     

Diagnosis of airway malacia by virtual bronchoscopy

The study was aimed to identify the role of virtual bronchoscopy in detection of airway malacia in children. In a pre-experimental study over 3 years (from Nov. 2003 to Oct. 2006), 35 consecutive patients were presented to Tabriz Children's Hospital with clinical manifestations of airway malacia, examined by the technique of virtual bronchoscopy. Thirty five patients including 23 males and 12 females with the mean age of 3.7 +/- 1.6 months were studied. The presence of airway malacia and its location and severity were determined by virtual bronchoscopy in all studied cases; that revealed: laryngomalacia, bronchomalacia, tracheomalacia, laryngotracheomalacia and laryngobronchomalacia in 42.8, 25.7, 20, 8.6 and 2.9% of patients, respectively. Virtual bronchoscopy is a non-invasive, accurate and rapid imaging technique with an excellent validity for diagnosis of airway malacia and stenosis, therefore it can replace conventional bronchoscopy.     

Outcomes of percutaneous pinning in treatment of distal radius fractures

Distal radius fractures are among the most common bone fractures all over the world. Close reduction and fixation by percutaneous pinning is a less invasive method comparing with other open surgeries. This study aims at evaluating the functional outcome of this treatment in distal radius fractures. In this prospective study, 50 patients with distal radius fractures underwent percutaneous pinning during a 16 month period in Tabriz Shohada Hospital. Follow-up for 3 months was possible in 48 (96%) patients. Possible complications (such as infection, nonunion, pin loosening and pain), functional outcomes (including range of motion, grip and pinch strengths) and radiological outcome were documented in intervals during follow-up. Forty eight patient, 22 males and 27 females with a mean age of 47.1 +/- 13.7 (19-80) years were enrolled. Local pain, infection and pin loosening were documented in 14.6, 16.7 and 2.1% of cases, respectively. Based on radiological reports, unacceptable palmar tilt, articular step, radial inclination and radial shortening were present in 6.3, 0, 2.1 and 6.3% of cases, respectively three months post-operation. The clinical outcomes according to Cooney's modification of the Green and O'Brien scheme were as excellent, good, fair and poor in 52.1, 31.3, 10.4 and 6.3% of cases, respectively. According to these results, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of distal radius fractures is a rather successful method with minor complications.     

Somatosensory evoked potential for detection of subclinical neuropathy in Egyptian children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

To evaluate neurological changes developing during paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) therapy clinically and through electrophysiological Study of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) changes in different phases of therapy. Thirty five-ALL patients with age range from 3-14 years were included compared to 30 healthy controls. History, neurological examination, complete blood counts, cytological examination of bone marrow aspirate and cerebrospinal fluid with Measurement of Serum Methotrexate (MTX) were done. The SSEPs were performed and patients subjected to another SSEP with measurement of serum MTX level before and 10 days after intra-thecal injection (IMTX). Clinical neurological findings in patients after induction were depressed deep tendon reflexes (43.3%), hypotonia (28.6%), lost pain sensation (28.6%), muscle weakness (17.1%) and movement disorders (17.1%). Percentage of delayed SSEPs after induction were at levels of brachial plexus (28.6%), spinal cord (68.6%), cortical conduction (31.4%), ERB-N13 Inter Peak Latency (IPL) (74.3%) and N13-N20 IPL (17.1%) in the studied patients. Significant prolonged latency of N13 (p = 0.005), N20 (p = 0.04) and IPL of ERB-N 13 (p = 0.005), N13-N20 (p = 0.01), Inter-Side Difference (ISD) of N13 (p = 0.01), ERB-N13 (p = 0.02) and N13-N20 (p = 0.03) after induction compared to values at diagnosis. Significant positive correlation were found between serum MTX after IMTX with N13-N20 IPL (p = 0.01), N20 ISD (p = 0.03) with significant prolongation in N20 latency, N13-N20 IPL and ISD of N20 compared to values before injection. ALL patients have prolonged latency of SSEPs at cervical cord and cortical levels which increased after IMTX due to axonal injury throughout the cord. SSEPs could be an early diagnostic tool for subclinical neuropathy.     

Cholestatic syndromes of infancy

This study aimed to provide the analysis of clinical presentation, results of laboratory and imaging investigations as well as clinical outcome of children with cholestasis. Infants with neonatal cholestasis referred to Children's Hospital from 2002 to 2007 were participated in the study in a cross-sectional prospective study. Appropriate diagnostic criteria and tests were employed for diagnosis the underlying etiologies of neonatal cholestasis. One year mortality rate was determined. One hundred twenty one infants, 75 males and 46 females, with the mean age of 58.3 +/- 15.3 (14-120) days were enrolled in study. Jaundice (94.2%) and hepatomegaly (66.1%) were the most frequent symptom and signs on admission. Idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (36.4%), extrahepatic biliary atresia (24.8%), metabolic disease (20.7%), intrahepatic ductal paucity (10.7%), intrauterine infection (3.3%) were the most frequent causes of neonatal cholestasis. One year mortality was 5.8%. There is still not one effective and specific diagnostic method in differentiating between the causes of cholestasis in the newborns and infants. Some potentially important differences in the disease pattern, initial presentation and long-term outcome are suggested from the present study when compared to previous reports from other parts of the world.     

Efficacy of intense pulsed light in hirsutism

Unwanted hair growth presents a significant problem for many patients and considerable resources are spent to achieve a hair-free appearance. Our aim of this study was to further evaluate the efficacy of this method in hirsutism in our region. Sixty patients with idiopathic hirsutism presenting to Dermatology Clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from September 2007 to March 2009 were classified in three groups regarding the site of hirsutism (chine, face, or mustache). All patients underwent IPL-therapy every month for six sessions. The changes in number and diameter of regional hairs were recorded at the end of each session. The patients had the mean age of 25.50+/-3.01 years (18-33 year). The disease was in chin in 26 cases (43.3%), face in 18 patients (30%) and mustache in 16 (26.7%). The skin type was III in 49 (81.7%) or IV in 11 (18.3%) patients. The positive therapeutic response after sixth session in total and in chin, face and mustache were 86.43, 88.66, 86.95 and 82.19%, respectively. The therapeutic response was not statistically significant in different body regions. The hair number in all treated regions was decrease significantly in each session in comparison with the first therapeutic session (p<0.05). Also, the hair diameter at the end of last session was decreased significantly in comparison with the first session in all treated regions (p<0.05). Regarding the high efficacy (86.42%) of IPL in treatment of facial hirsutism and absence of side effect, it is recommended as an effective treatment modality in hirsutism.     

Etiology of pediatric chronic kidney diseases in north-west of Iran

The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiology of pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in a tertiary care hospital in north-west of Iran. Medical records of admitted children with CKD in Children's Hospital of Tabriz from 1999 to 2009 were studied retrospectively. CKD was defined as GFR less than 60 mL min(-1) 1.73 m2 for more than 3 month. The etiology of CKD was determined by clinical, biological, radiological and histopathological examination. During 10 years 115 children including 61 boys (53%) and 54 girls (47%) were studied. The mean age of patients was 8.1 +/- 3.53 years (range: 4 months to 14 years). Urological abnormalities were the most common cause of CKD (36.5%) followed by acquired glomerular diseases (23.5%), hereditary nephropathies (21.7%), unknown etiology (9.5%) and systemic diseases (6%). The most common urologic anomaly was vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) that accounted for 24.3% of total etiologies followed by obstructive uropathies. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most frequent glomerular disease and was responsible for 13.9% of patients. Nephronophtisis, cystinosis, infantile polycystic disease and congenital nephrotic syndrome were the most frequent hereditary nephropathies in a descending order. Frequency of parental consanguinity in patients with hereditary nephropathy was significantly higher than other patients (p = 0.001). High frequency of VUR in present study compared with developed countries necessitates more efforts for improving the management and follow up of urinary tract infections.     

Inheritance and stability of resistance to fusarium tuber rot in tetraploid potatoes

Fusarium tuber rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most economically important diseases of stored potatoes. Dry rot is caused by several species of Fusaria, particularlyFusarium sambucinum in North America. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance to Fusarium tuber rot. A highly resistant (B0172-22) and a highly susceptible (B0178-34) potato clone were crossed as female parents with two male parents. Tubers from varying numbers of progeny (28–37) from these four crosses were inoculated withFusarium sambucinum in the laboratory. Three tubers from each progeny were inoculated at approximately monthly intervals six times in each of 2 years. The depth and diameter of the lesion were measured 40 days after inoculation. Estimates of broadsense heritability (H) for lesion depth and a 95% confidence interval about these estimates were similar in 2000 and 2001: 0.84 (0.84, 0.91) and 0.77 (0.77, 0.87), respectively, as were the estimates for lesion diameter: 0.83 (0.83, 0.90) and 0.80 (0.80, 0.89), respectively. The differences in lesion depth for the female parents were significant the second year, but not the first year. The differences in lesion diameter for the female and male parents were significant both years. The female x male interactions were not significant for either lesion depth or lesion diameter. There were significant differences between clones in each of these four families for both traits both years. In 2000 and 2001, 24% and 38%, respectively, of the clones were unstable for resistance. In only one of the four families did instability increase as susceptibility increased, suggesting that there sometimes may be a genetic component to instability per se. These results indicate that resistance to Fusarium dry rot has a large genetic component. They also indicate that lesion diameter is more informative than lesion depth for evaluating resistance.     

聚丙烯酰胺连年施用对燕麦生产的影响

为探明聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)施用后对燕麦不同生育阶段水分利用的影响,在长城沿线旱作丘陵区,设置6个处理,分别为对照(CK)、PAM施用一年(M1)、PAM连续施用二年(M2)、PAM连续施用三年(M3)、PAM连续施用四年(M4)、PAM连续施用五年(M5),通过大田试验,研究PAM施用不同年限对燕麦不同生育阶段的土壤保水、燕麦耗水特征、水分利用效率等特性的影响。结果表明,施用PAM提高了燕麦田不同生育阶段0~60cm土层的土壤含水量,促进了燕麦生物量的积累,降低了燕麦总耗水量,提高了燕麦产量和水分利用效率。各处理中,M4和M5处理的土壤含水量及贮水量均高于其他处理,而总耗水量最低,差异均显著(P0.05);M1、M2处理的多数被测指标与CK无显著差异。苗期0~10cm、拔节期10~20cm、抽穗期20~40cm、灌浆期0~10cm、成熟期10~20cm和40~60cm土层土壤含水量对产量的影响最大。各生育阶段,除播种-苗期及抽穗-灌浆期外,M5处理耗水量均显著低于M4处理。M4处理的经济效益和水分利用效率均最高,较对照分别增加35.67%和3.67kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1)。综合考虑产量、经济效益、水分利用效率,燕麦旱作地区应连续4年施用聚丙烯酰胺。     

Partial resistance toPhytophthora infestans in fourSolanum crosses

Thirty progeny from each of fourSolanum crosses were evaluated in the field at Mount Vernon, WA, in 1996 and 1997 for partial resistance toPhytophthora infestans. Of the four parents, three have high levels of partial resistance toP. infestans; one derived from somatic hybridization ofS. bulbocastanum, the other two from traditional breeding efforts for multiple disease resistance. Data were collected from each cross to estimate area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), days to 5% disease severity threshold (DT₅), and sporangia production (SP). All of these variables differed significantly among the progeny within each cross in each year. Correlation analysis indicated that DT₅ was highly correlated with AUDPC for all four populations for both years. Log-transformed SP was significantly (P>0.001) correlated to AUDPC values for one population in both years, but the significance of the correlation was variable between years for the remaining three crosses. The variable DT₅, which is composed of three components (infection efficiency, latent period, and lesion growth rate), was the most important in identifying progeny with partial resistance to late blight in all four crosses in this study.     

Blood lipid and lipoprotein profile of female athletes with respect to their jobs and nutrients intake

There is general believe that exercise may results in changes that likely reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and may slow the progression of established coronary artery disease. Chronic cardiovascular training results in changes in lipoproteins and apolipoproteins that reflect adaptation to the increased metabolic demands imposed by frequent, vigorous exercise. Moreover, the alterations in lipoproteins vary according to level of physical conditioning and intensity of exercise. One hundred three pre-menopausal physically active women ages 20-50 years old which have been exercising for at least 6 months involve in this study. Upon entering the study subjects were asked to complete questionnaire, regarding personal health and diet history (24 h recall plus 7 days food frequency list). Total calorie intake, level of carbohydrate, protein and fat in the subjects' diet were analyzed. In addition the concentration of women's plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were also measured and compared with normal value. The results of the present study showed that, the mean total caloric intake of women were 1812.54 kilocalories, where their carbohydrate, protein and fat intake were 67.28, 12.83 and 19.89% of their total calories, respectively. The average age, weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) of the women involved in the study were, 30.81+/-8.87 years, 57.85+/-7.79 kg, 160.32+/-5.36 cm and 22.53+/-2.82 kg m(-2), respectively. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentration of women were also in normal range with the lowest in those who exercise for more than one year and physical education teacher.     

Impact of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism on the Risk of Gastric Cancer and Its Interaction with Helicobacter pylori Infection

Background

Attempts for early detection of gastric cancer have recently focused on host''s genetic susceptibility factors and gene-environment interactions. We have, herein, studied the association of MTHFR C677T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and its interaction with Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, age and gender on the risk of gastric cancer among an Iranian population.

Methods

Gastric cancer patients (n = 450) and cancer-free controls (n = 780) were studied for serum H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA and MTHFR C677T polymorphism (SNP) by PCR-RFLP. Demographic and life style data were collected through patient interviews. Unconditional logistic regression model estimated odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The interactions of MTHFR genotype with H. pylori infection (P = 0.03), age (P = 0.049) and gender (P = 0.007) were statistically significant. Accordingly, MTHFR C677T carriers who were also positive for H. pylori infection exhibited 80% (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-2.9) significant excess risk of non-cardia gastric cancer. Furthermore, subjects over the age of 50 or female subjects carrying MTHFR C677T SNP showed 40 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-2.0) and 100 (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.2) percent increased risk of gastric cancer, respectively.

Conclusion

MTHFR C677T SNP seems to increase the risk of gastric cancer and the effect is significantly inflated by interactions with H. pylori infection, age and gender. Key Words: Helicobacter pylori, Smoking, Gender identity, Age group, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase