幼龄鸡卵黄囊中^3H—VA的吸收代谢及其利用的研究

选用出壳后１２时龄的ＡＡ肉雏１４５只，采用放射性同位素＾Ｈ示踪方法，分别进行了饲养试验，屠补试验和代射试验研究表明，在全价日粮和无ＶＡ纯日粮条件下，雏鸡卵黄囊中的内源性３＾Ｈ－ＶＡ在体内发挥持续时间分别为２１天和１４天。卵黄囊（内源）３＾Ｈ－ＶＡ在鸡肠道中的吸收代谢，与饲料（外源）中营养物质相比，有着独自的特点。卵黄囊中内源３＾Ｈ－ＶＡ在雏鸡肠料中外源ＶＡ之间存在有动态交换关系，内源３＾Ｈ－ＶＡ主     

肉用种母鸡的烟酸需要量

选３０周龄Ａｒｂｏｒ Ａｃｒｅ种母鸡８０只，设５个处理，每处理１６只鸡。各处理在饲喂相同基础日粮条件下，分别添加烟酸０、１５、３０、６０和１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。试验期１２周。于试验开始后的第４、８、１２周进行３次孵化试验。试验结果表明，日粮酸添加量在１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上的各处理，种母鸡产蛋量均高于对照组，当烟酸量提高到３０－６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时，饲料产蛋效率达到较高水平，但不同日粮烟酸水平对孵化率可以反映种     

0～2周龄肉用雏鸡卵黄囊等组织中蛋氨酸,胱氨酸含量的变化规律

本试验旨在了解０～２周龄肉用雏鸡的营养特点，即此阶段如何从内源（卵黄囊）营养转变为外源（饲料）营养，以及外源蛋氨酸（Ｍｅｔ）和胱氨酸（Ｃｙｓ）营养水平与体组织内该两种氨基酸营养的相关性。试验用６００只爱拔益加（ＡＡ）鸡，均分１０个处理组，每组设３个重复。于０～２周龄雏鸡日粮中分别添力００％，０．２０％，０．３０％，０．４０％和０，８０％的ＤＬ－蛋氨酸，以及０．１５％，０．２０％，０．３０％和０．４０％的ＤＬ－胱氨酸。观察１，３，５，７，１４日龄雏鸡体内卵黄囊、肝脏和血浆等组织中相应氨基酸的变化规律。结果表明：０～２周龄雏鸡的营养特点是１～３日龄的营养完全来自于卵黄囊，５～７日龄是卵黄囊营养转变为饲料营养的过渡期，８～１４日龄的营养已完全来自饲料；１～７日龄期间，雏鸡的卵黄囊、血浆和肝脏中的蛋氨酸含量不受日粮内蛋氨酸水平的影响，但１４日龄时，血浆和肝脏中的蛋氨酸含量随日粮蛋氨酸水平的提高显上升趋势。证明蛋氨酸对０～２周龄雏鸡的重要性。而雏鸡对日粮中胱氨酸的变化不敏感，未见有规律性的变化。     

日粮中不同Mn,Zn水平对雏鸡卵黄囊中Mn,Zn转移的影响

５７６只新出壳ＡＡ分雏鸡分为两批分别用于Ｍｎ和Ｚｎ的试验。每批分为４组，每组随机地对应高Ｍｎ或高Ｚｎ、低Ｍｎ或低Ｚｎ、无Ｍｎ或无Ｚｎ和标准Ｍｎ或Ｚｎ４种日粮水平的一种。于２、４、６、８、１２、１６、２４、３６、４８、７２、９６和１２０时龄每组分别取雏鸡６只测定卵黄囊中Ｍｎ或Ｚｎ的含量。试验表明，雏鸡出壳２ｈ内卵黄囊Ｍｎ和Ｚｎ的含量分别为０．０１８ｍｇ和０．２２６ｍｇ。日粮中Ｍｎ水平对卵黄囊中Ｍｎ的     

添加铬对肥育绵羊生产性能及屠宰性能影响的研究

选用１６只１７．５ｋｇ左右、５月龄左右的本地公绵羊肥育６０天,添加吡啶羧酸铬（ＣｒＰｉｃ）、ＣｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ＋烟酸和ＣｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ研究对肥育绵羊生产性能及屠宰性能的影响。结果表明：日粮添加ＣｒＰｉｃ、ＣｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ＋烟酸和ＣｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ对绵羊干物质采食量无显著影响,而日增重和饲料利用率ＣｒＰｉｃ、ＣｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ＋烟酸组有显著影响、ＣｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ却无显著影响;添加Ｃ     

紫外分光光度法测定盐酸左旋咪唑片的含量

紫外分光光度法测定盐酸左旋咪唑片的含量吕为庆，徐红伟（山东省兽药监察所）盐酸左旋咪唑，化学名称为１－２，３，５，６－四氢－６－苯基咪唑并［２，１－ｂ］噻唑的盐酸盐，分子式为Ｃ１１Ｈ１２Ｎ２Ｓ·ＨＣ１，为抗蠕虫药。片剂在我省生产，用量较大，中国兽药典一...     

肉用雏鸡在绝食条件下的卵黄囊营养和维持需要

出壳后肉用仔鸡在绝食至１１２，５８，０１６和１３０时龄时，分别测定全屠体（共６４只）和卵黄囊（共６３只）营养素含量。４５克体重时（１２时龄）维持需要量是代谢能１１千卡（共６０只），和蛋氨酸的耗减量，赖氨酸５１毫克，蛋氨酸为１８毫克。但在绝食 １２至５８时，能量，蛋白质，赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的耗减量，完全由卵黄囊承担。并有余量转贮于体组织内。在平均２４小时内，能量转贮２千卡，蛋白质０．３克，赖氨酸７毫克，     

HMG－CoA还原酶及其抑制剂

ＨＭＧ－ＣｏＡ还原酶及其抑制剂刘万臣，董朝辉（农牧大学基础部长春１３００６２）ＨＭＧ－ＣｏＡ还原酶（３－羟－３－甲戊二酰辅酶Ａ还原酶）是胆固醇合成的关键酶，在１９５８年被Ｌｙｎｅｎ等［１］和Ｆｅｒｇｕｓｏｎ等［２］独立地在各自实验室中发现。此酶在动植...     

鸭瘟、鸭霍乱紧急防治措施研究

对鸭瘟、鸭霍乱紧急防治措施作了系列研究，结果表明：鸭瘟、鸭霍乱多价卵黄抗体对１００个ＬＤ５０鸭瘟强毒和８．３个Ｃ４８－１强毒菌的攻击具有１００％（８／８只）中和能力，对鸭瘟强毒（１００个ＬＤ５０）和Ｃ４８－１（８．３个）攻毒后５～６小时注射４倍稀释卵黄抗体２．０ｍｌ／只，具有１００％（６／６只）保护（口服有８３．３％保护）；分别以正常量和５倍量的鸭瘟弱毒苗免疫２月龄鸭，５～６小时后攻鸭瘟强毒，结果无一存活，鸭瘟弱毒苗和鸭瘟－禽霍乱二联活苗免疫后３天，对１００个ＬＤ５０鸭瘟强毒攻击获５０％（３／６）保护，７天获８３．３％（５／６）保护。Ａ群菌苗免疫后６天对Ｃ４８－１攻击获６６．７％（４／６只）保护，１２天获１００％保护。鸭瘟－禽霍乱二联活苗免疫后３天对Ｃ４８－１攻击获３３．３％（２／６）保护，７天获８３．３％保护；巴氏杆菌卵黄抗体和血清抗体能明显抑制巴氏杆菌生长并有溶菌现象出现；复方痢菌净、喹乙醇、庆大霉素、链霉素和四环素对多杀巴氏杆菌高度敏感（１７～４１ｍｍ）。     

不同光照制度对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及能量沉积的影响

试验选用５周石歧杂公鸡４５０只，随机分成５个组，每组９０只鸡，每组含３个重复，每重复３０只鸡，１组为对照组，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ为试验组，Ⅰ组给予自然光照，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别给予１２Ｌ：１２Ｄ、６Ｄ、３Ｌ：３Ｄ：２Ｄ的人工间歇光照。试验期鸡的基础日粮含代谢能１２．９３ＭＪ／ｋｇ，ＣＰ１６．７８％。鸡只自由采食和不，记录统计每日采食量。从４０日龄开始，每隔２周称重，且从每重复中随机抽取３只鸡，采用闷杀法     

牛磺酸对肉仔鸡卵黄囊内微量元素转移吸收及生产性能的影响

本试验以Ross父母代肉仔鸡为对象,研究了日粮中添加0.1％牛磺酸对卵黄囊内微量元素转移吸收及生产性能的影响。结果表明:牛磺酸可显著提高肉仔鸡6日龄体重,降低0-45日龄的料重比66％的卵黄囊营养物质吸叫集中在24—72时龄。添加0.1％牛磺酸可使此阶段卵黄囊营养物质消失率提高77.94％,使114时龄卵黄囊营养物质的累积消失率提高16.01％,并显著提高了其中铁、铜、孟、锌、铬的消失率,从而使肝中微量元素铁、铜、锰、锌含量显著升高。     

Cultivation of Bacillus piliformis (Tyzzer) in mouse fibroblasts (3T3 cells)

Bacillus piliformis was successfully propagated in a continuous mouse-embryo fibroblast cell line (3T3). 3T3 monolayers were successfully inoculated with a variety of infected materials including yolk sac and liver suspensions, minced yolk sac and liver, and primary chicken-embryo liver-cell cultures. An initial decrease in B. piliformis number was noted after inoculation of the cell layer with 2.6 X 10(5) organisms followed by a peak bacterial count at 48 h. Bacillus piliformis remained infectious for mice after 22 passages in 3T3 cell monolayers. Limited growth of B. piliformis was obtained in cell lines of mouse connective-tissue origin (L-929) and mouse liver origin (NCTC 1469).     

Effects of breeder hen age and dietary L-carnitine on progeny embryogenesis

1. Ross 308 broiler breeder hens were given diets containing 0 or 25 mg L-carnitine/kg (8 replications per treatment) from 21 weeks of age. 2. Hens were inseminated with semen from Ross broiler breeder males. In a common facility, subsequent progeny hatchability and embryonic mortality at 25, 30, 32, and 38 weeks of breeder age were evaluated. 3. Subsequent egg component weights, incubational egg water loss, progeny embryo growth, and embryo, yolk sac and liver composition through 18 d of incubation at 27, 32, and 38 weeks of breeder age were evaluated. 4. Calculated additions of L-carnitine were in agreement with analysed contents of 3.5 and 31.1 mg free L-carnitine/kg of diet, respectively, and total L-carnitine concentrations increased by 48.6, 21.7, and 10.0% in 0-d yolk, 18-d yolk sac, and 18-d liver samples, respectively, due to the addition of dietary L-carnitine. 5. Supplemental L-carnitine resulted in increased (0.6%) relative 0-d egg yolk weight across weeks 27, 32, and 38, and reduced (0.38%) 18-d yolk sac palmitoleic acid concentration at week 27 without altering embryogenesis. 6. In conclusion, dietary L-carnitine (25 mg/kg of the diet) was deposited in the yolks of broiler breeder hens and was subsequently transferred to the embryonic liver via yolk sac absorption through 18 d of incubation. Furthermore, dietary L-carnitine supplementation increased ovarian follicle yolk deposition in 27-, 32-, and 38-week-old breeder hens, and influenced yolk sac fatty acid beta-oxidation in embryos from 27-week-old breeder hens causing yolk sac palmitoleic acid concentrations to be reduced by 18 d of incubation.     

Evaluation of an early granulocytic response of chick embryos inoculated with herpesvirus of turkeys

1. Early granulocytic response was evaluated in chick embryos inoculated with herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). 2. Fifty 10-d-old specific pathogen-free embryos were divided into two groups, inoculated via yolk sac. Group 1 were inoculated with a complete dose of HVT and group 2 with vaccinediluent only. 3. Samples were taken for histological evaluation of yolk sac, liver, chorioallantoic membrane, brain and heart from 5 embryos per group on days 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 of embryonic life. 4. Increases in numbers of granulocytes were detected on days 14 and 16 in the yolk sac, and on d 14 and 20 in the liver of in embryos, which received HVT. In addition, the chorioallantoic membrane was infiltrated with granulocytes. 5. The results confirm that granulopoiesis in the yolk sac is stimulated in the early stages of incubation if a viral antigen is present. The virus also appears to trigger the presence of granulocytes in embryonic liver and chorioallantoic membranes.     

Ontogeny of 5-aminolevulinic dehydratase and porphobilinogen deaminase activities in the yolk sac membrane and liver of chick embryos

1. Chick embryos of 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 and 19 d of embryonic development were examined to determine the activities of 5-aminolevulinic dehydratase (ALA-D, EC 4.2.1.24) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D, EC 4.3.1.8). 2. Liver and yolk sac membrane ALA-D specific activities showed a maximum between 12 and 13 d of embryonic development, yolk sac membrane PBG-ase activity a maximum at 9 d and at 7 d in liver. Total activities of ALA-D and PBG-D were not constant during the course of embryonic development but probably related to the changes of intensity of haem synthesis. 3. ALA-D and PBG-ase activities were higher in yolk sac membrane than in liver, showing the importance of the yolk sac membrane as erythropoietic tissue. PBG-D catalysed the rate-limiting reaction of the cytosolic steps in the biosynthetic pathway in both tissues.     

Effects of intra‐yolk‐sac injection of dextrose and albumin on performance,jejunum morphology,liver and pectoral muscle glycogen and some serum metabolites of broilers

This study carried out to investigate the effects of intra‐yolk‐sac injection (IYSI) of some solutions including 1 ml of distilled water, dextrose 20% and albumin 20% on hatch percentage, performance traits, jejunum morphology, glycogen content of liver and breast and serum metabolites in broilers (Ross 308). Fertile eggs were injected into the yolk sac at day 8 of incubation period. Results showed that hatchability, absolute body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 7 and 14 of growing period were not different among treatments, but in comparison with control group, BW and FCR were numerally better by IYSI of albumin. In addition, IYSI of albumin increased jejunum villus height at hatch day, but crypt depth was not affected by any injection treatments. Also, the glycogen concentrations of liver and pectoral muscle in albumin injected group were significantly higher than control at hatch and 7th day respectively. At hatch day, serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations were, respectively, maximum and minimum statistically by IYSI of albumin which continued numerally up to 7th day of rearing period. Furthermore, liver glycogen and serum glucose concentrations were directly correlated on the day of hatch. In conclusion, the IYSI of albumin could increase performance traits, jejunum villus height, liver and breast glycogen and serum glucose in broiler chicks.     

磺胺—6—甲氧嘧啶在肉鸡的组织动力学与残留量研究

本文详细研究了肉鸡单剂量口服磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶混悬液后药物的组织动力学特征,并对血药和组织药物浓度进行了回归分析。 组织动力学研究发现:药物按一级速率过程从组织消除,肌、肝、心、肾中达峰时间分别为6.84、4.63、5.32和5.78小时,组织半衰期分别为4.74、9.01、8.02、和9.18小时,给药后约经110.5小时,肾中药残可降至0.1ppm以下,而肌肉仅需70小时。 回归分析表明:当血药降至MIC(50ppm)时,肌、肝、心、肾中药物含量分别为19.95、14.65,24.98和68.56ppm,回归方程的建立为药物组织残留的间接估测提供了简捷的方法。     

Yolk sac, body dimensions and hatchling quality of ducklings, chicks and poults

1. One-day-old chicks of Pekin duck, turkey, layer fowl and broiler fowl were examined for bacteria in the yolk sac and yolk fluid. 2. Whole hatchling, yolk-free hatchling and yolk sac weights were recorded for all species along with crown-rump length and beak-tip to toe-tip length. 3. Bacteriology revealed positive results for the whole yolk sacs of 43 to 64% of the birds in the sample of ducklings, poults and layer chicks. Broiler chicks had a 6.6% incidence of bacteria isolated from the whole yolk sac. By contrast, there were very few positive results from swabs of yolk fluid for any of the bird types. 4. The presence of bacteria in the yolk sac of hatchlings suggests that there is colonisation, rather than infection, of the yolk sac membrane during the hatching period or the first few hours post-hatching. Isolation of bacteria from the yolk sacs of young chicks might no longer be considered as solely indicative of yolk sac infection but further research is required to confirm this result. 5. Contrary to what is being suggested in commercial practice relationships between linear dimensions and hatchling weight suggest that measurement of chick length is at best a very crude measure of chick quality.