松花江公路特大桥南岸主塔钻孔桩成孔工艺

本文主要介绍哈尔滨绕城公路西段松花江特大桥主桥主塔桩径 2 0m、桩长 70m的钻孔桩施工技术。     

CFG桩处理油罐地基的探讨

本文结合采用CFG桩复合地基处理 5 0 0 0 0m3 油罐地基的工程实况 ,对CFG桩处理油罐地基的适用性进行了初步探讨。     

水中深钻孔灌注桩的施工技术和质量控制——以西安地铁三号线灞河大桥为例

钻孔灌注桩基础目前使用已相当普遍,但因属隐蔽工程,其施工大部分在水下进行,其施工过程无法观察,成桩后也不能进行开挖验收。施工中有时一个环节出现问题,都将直接影响到整个工程的质量和进度。尤其是大直径的水中深钻孔桩,在施工时更应严把各个环节,制定切实可靠的技术措施,加强施工质量管理,根据灞河大桥1.5m直径、桩长达51m的水中钻孔桩施工的经验,就如何保证成桩顺利、保证质量等方面进行探讨,提出切实可行的技术措施和质量控制要点。     

水射流无损插桩机具供水系统设计

根据水射流无损插桩施工技术要求,研制了一种与钢筋混凝土预制管桩配合使用的专用插桩机具。其中供水系统是其核心部件之一。该供水系统是为该机具提供射流和射流动能的关键装置,主要由水泵、水管和闸阀等组成。该供水系统中水泵扬程为90 m,额定射流流量为155 m3/h。     

山地刺槐林根蘖更新与根桩更新对比试验

1983～2003年对山地刺槐林进行了根蘖更新和根桩更新对比试验,结果表明:20a生根蘖林的平均树高比根桩林的平均树高高0.6m,平均胸径粗4.3cm。     

冰雪灾害形成的米老排残桩萌枝特征分析

以在2008年特大冰雪灾害中受到严重损伤的广东天井山米老排(Mytilaria laosensis)人工林为研究对象,通过人工锯断受损树干获得不同直径和高度残桩,于处理4年后调查每桩上所有萌枝的数量、存活情况、基径和高度。结果表明:米老排具有较强的萌枝再生能力,每桩平均产生萌枝29.2个,4年后萌枝存活率为45.5%,每桩萌枝基径平均为2.5 cm,优势萌枝基径为6.2 cm,每桩萌枝高度平均为2.6 m,优势萌枝高度5.7 m,基本恢复成萌芽林。残桩直径对萌枝产生数量、存活率和生长均无明显影响。残桩高度和萌枝数量正相关,和萌枝存活率负相关,和萌枝生长无显著相关关系。萌枝数量和萌枝生长间存在显著负相关关系,但和优势萌枝生长间无明显相关性。     

野化培训大熊猫利用后拐棍竹残桩与丢弃部分的关系

2003~2004年,在卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心野外放归培训圈内,实验熊猫利用后拐棍竹残桩形态及残桩基径、高度和丢弃部分的长度和鲜重之间的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明,野化培训大熊猫利用后拐棍竹残桩的平均基径、高度和单株鲜重分别是16.46mm、0.82m和0.140g,丢弃部分的长度和单株鲜重平均为3.41m和0.372g。拐棍竹残桩基径与残桩高度和丢弃部分长度,残桩基径、D2H与残桩和丢弃部分鲜重之间均呈极为显著性相关,p=0.001,为此,运用SPSS分析软件建立了他们之间的回归估测模型,拟合效果良好。     

钻孔桩斜距简便测量方法

本文介绍了土建工程基础施工中,桩孔倾斜数值的测量方法。这种方法采用经纬一次架设,配合5m水准尺,用水准仪测量两点高差,再通过计算就可以准确的测量出桩孔的倾斜度和斜距。此法勿需搬动仪器就可一次获得成果。此法适用于各种孔径的干成孔钻孔桩。     

尾叶桉萌芽林留条数量对生长和产量的影响

对 5 5年生尾叶桉实生林砍伐后 ,保留不同萌条数量对其萌芽林生长和产量的影响开展了研究。结果表明 ,定株使桩的存活率明显下降 ,特别是保留单株 ,但保留一定的株数却有利于萌芽林的生长 ;萌芽林的高、径和单株材积生长随保留株数的减少而显著增加 ;3 5年生单位面积蓄积量和出材率 (顶木 )以保留 3株·桩- 1为最好 ,其次为 4株·桩- 1和 2株·桩 - 1,蓄积量分别为 4 5 4 9、4 4 2 1和4 2 5 1m3·hm- 2 ,分别是对照的 131 7%、12 8 0 %和 12 3.0 % ,出材率 (顶木 )分别是对照的 174 .3%、14 8.6 %和 15 5 .4 %。因此 ,在中等地力 ,种植密度为 3m× 2m的尾叶桉萌芽林 ,以纸浆材和顶木为主要经营目的的林分 ,建议其萌芽林的保留株数为 2　 4株·桩 - 1。     

“m”法桩基内力及配筋计算程序

本文介绍了“m”法桩基内力及桩截面配筋程序的编制思路及应用情况     

杏香兔耳风核型分析

以杏香兔耳风组培苗根尖为试验材料,对其核型进行了较系统的分析。结果表明:杏香兔耳风共有12对染色体,其核型公式为K(2n)=2x=24=10m 2sm,即核型主要以中部着丝点(m)为主,有10对;还有2对近中部着丝点(sm)。染色体总长度为51.18um,相对长度范围为1.11～3.80um,臂比幅度为1.40～1.61um,染色体长度比为3.14,属"2B"核型。     

Assessing Point Accuracy of DGPS Under Forest Canopy Before Data Acquisition,in the Field and After Postprocessing

A low-cost, hand-held, 10-channel, single-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver observing pseudorange and carrier phase was used to determine the positional accuracy of 35 points under tree canopies. The mean position error based on differential postprocessing ranged from 0.49 to 3.60 m for 2-20 min of observation at points with basal area <30 m 2 ha -1 . For points with basal area S 45 m 2 ha -1 the mean position error ranged from 2.15 to 5.60 m. Regression analysis revealed that basal area and observation period were the most significant factors to predict the position error that could be obtained by GPS data collection before or during data acquisition ( R 2 = 0.37). After differential postprocessing, the most significant factors to predict position error were the standard deviation reported by the postprocessing software and whether both pseudorange and carrier phase were used to compute the coordinates or pseudorange only ( R 2 = 0.57). The position error decreased with decreasing density of forest, increasing length of observation period, decreasing standard deviation, and combined use of pseudorange and carrier phase.     

不同参数的炭化微米木纤维过滤体过滤性能的试验研究

按照选材、微米加工、揉丝、胶合、模压、干燥、炭化和后期处理等工序制备结构参数不同的炭化微米木纤维（CMWF,Carbonized Micron Wood Fiber）过滤体,设计并搭建CMWF DPF过滤体性能实验台,依照在用标准GB3847-2005相关规定对特定结构参数的滤芯进行过滤效率和进气阻力的检测实验.实验表明：当过滤体长度在0.16～0.20m之间,填充率在0.26 ～0.29范围内,木纤维等效半径在35～40μm之间时,CMWF的过滤效率和排气背压最佳.     

降香黄檀不同家系测定试验初报

通过对福建省华安县西陂国有林场降香黄檀不同家系的胸径、树高、平均冠幅以及冻害程度等指标的测定与分析,结果表明:降香黄檀不同家系间胸径和树高生长差异极显著,造林后1 a胸径为1.22~2.38 cm,树高为1.55~2.27 m;而冠幅生长差异不显著,平均冠幅为0.30~0.58 m。综合考虑胸径、树高和冻害3个因素初步判断,21、118、8、49、39、43、90、14、115、46、55、16、19等13个家系在福建华安表现较好。     

哈尔滨道外二十道街松花江大桥主桥方案比选

哈尔滨道外二十道街松花江江段将修建松花江公路大桥,笔者就拟建大桥的四个方案做比较选择最佳方案。通过方案比较,认为宜选用大跨度的现代化桥,提供较自由的通航净宽,避免水中基础、减少水中施工,推荐使用主孔410m的双塔混合梁斜拉桥方案。     

Patterns of tree buttressing at Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh

We describe patterns of buttress formation and development in eleven tree species at Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh. Fortyfive percent of trees of these 11 species had buttresses. Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb. showed maximum (87%) buttress formation, whereas Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. did not show any buttress. Buttresses were recorded in 20% 40% of trees of six species and 40% 60% of trees in three species. Mean length and height of buttress varied among the species and ranged from 0.37 1.37 m and 0.71 2.13 m, respectively. Buttress height, mean buttress length, total buttress length, and total length pluslength of secondaries increased with DBH (diameter at breast height) and tree height. Buttress number did not increase with DBH or tree height.Under-storey and mid-canopy trees produced less developed buttresses than did emergent trees (p<0.01). Wood density showed moderate effects on buttress characters (p<0.05), while the slope of the land did not. Canopy category was a primary regulating factor for tree buttressing, suggesting that buttresses are mechanical adaptations of trees to counter physical stresses.     

Equations for estimating aboveground biomass of cadaghi (Corymbia torelliana) trees in farm windbreaks

Agroforestry systems have received global attention lately as a strategy for carbon mitigation but still are one of the least studied systems. This study was conducted in south Florida to develop biomass equations for windbreak grown cadaghi (Corymbia torelliana) trees and to estimate biomass in various aged windbreaks. Trees were selected for destructive sampling based on diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution from five windbreaks. Crown biomass was estimated using randomized branch sampling (RBS) and trunk biomass by taking disks every 1.5?m along the stem. Separate nonlinear equations were developed for crown, trunk and whole tree biomass estimation using DBH and height as predictors. Results indicated that DBH alone was sufficient to predict aboveground biomass, but including height in the models gave better results. Average oven-dry whole tree biomass ranged between 6 and 935?kg for 2- and 20-year-old windbreaks. Oven-dry whole tree biomass per100?m windbreak length in the same windbreaks ranged between 166 and 26,605?kg. Because fast-growing cadaghi is efficient and can produce significantly more biomass in a short period versus other windbreak species, landowners can expect higher returns from biomass or carbon trade over a shorter period, where available, to offset the cost of land occupied by the windbreaks.     

预应力混凝土T梁的预制过程控制

预应力钢筋混凝土T梁,因其跨度大、自重轻、结构简单、安装方便等优点,目前在国内高等级公路建设中被广泛采用。普通装配式钢筋混凝土简支桥梁,不但材料消耗多、且自重大,主粱片在自重和其它荷载作用下极易出现裂缝,影响桥梁结构的安全。因此,在桥梁跨度大于20 m,特别是跨度大于30m以上时往往采用预应力混凝土结构,即预应力混凝土T简支梁施工。根据在国道301线扎莱木德大桥梁场工程实例,从预制梁场的选址、施工现场场地硬化、制梁底座浇注、钢筋骨架加固安装、模板设计制作,到波纹管安装、混凝土浇筑、钢绞线的加工安装、张拉注浆、养生等,经过施工中不断的探索,详细阐述预应力混凝土T梁的预制过程施工技术。     

华北落叶松与日本落叶松杂交试验

通过华北落叶松与日本落叶松的杂交,在22个控制授粉杂交组合中,球果长在1.74 cm~2.92 cm之间,球果径在0.98 cm~1.46 cm之间;在30个组合中,单粒球果质量介于0.52 g~1.63 g之间;球果种鳞数在23枚~47枚之间;种子连翅长在0.75 cm~1.07 cm之间;种子千粒重在2.6 g~5.0 g之间。     

Belowground carbon allocation in unfertilized and fertilized red pine plantations in northern Wisconsin

We estimated carbon allocation to belowground processes in unfertilized and fertilized red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations in northern Wisconsin to determine how soil fertility affects belowground allocation patterns. We used soil CO(2) efflux and litterfall measurements to estimate total belowground carbon allocation (root production and root respiration) by the carbon balance method, established root-free trenched plots to examine treatment effects on microbial respiration, estimated fine root production by sequential coring, and developed allometric equations to estimate coarse root production. Fine root production ranged from 150 to 284 g m(-2) year(-1) and was significantly lower for fertilized plots than for unfertilized plots. Coarse root production ranged from 60 to 90 g m(-2) year(-1) and was significantly lower for fertilized plots than for unfertilized plots. Annual soil CO(2) fluxes ranged from 331 to 541 g C m(-2) year(-1) and were significantly lower for fertilized plots than for unfertilized plots. Annual foliage litterfall ranged from 110 to 187 g C m(-2) year(-1) and was significantly greater for fertilized plots than for unfertilized plots. Total belowground carbon allocation ranged from 188 to 395 g C m(-2) year(-1) and was significantly lower for fertilized than for unfertilized plots. Annual soil CO(2) flux was lower for trenched plots than for untrenched plots but did not differ between fertilized and unfertilized trenched plots. Collectively, these independent estimates suggest that fertilization decreased the relative allocation of carbon belowground.